Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the antitussive effect of fenoterol in 40 patients (34 males) undergoing bronchofiberscopy for diagnostic purposes. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups, one receiving two puffs (400 micrograms) of fenoterol and the other two puffs of placebo, from a metered-dose inhaler in a double-blind fashion. The following procedure was used: premedication with 0.5 mg atropine sulfate and 100 mg hydroxyzine administered intramuscularly; 50 min later, aerosol administration; 10 min after aerosol administration, a standardized topical anesthesia was performed. As soon as the bronchofiberscope had entered the trachea, sounds were recorded for a 5-min period, while the tracheobronchial tree was systematically inspected. Additional lidocaine (2% solution, 2 ml boluses) was injected into the airways if troublesome cough occurred. The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, sex ratio, and smoking history. In contrast, both the number of coughs and the volume (ml) of additional lidocaine were significantly smaller in the fenoterol group than in the placebo group: m +/- SEM: 35.0 +/- 5.5 versus 51.6 +/- 6.5, p less than 0.01 and 1.9 +/- 0.5 versus 3.3 +/- 0.4, p less than 0.01, respectively. Thus, fenoterol exhibits antitussive properties and can usefully be administered before bronchofiberscopy.
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PMID:Attenuation of bronchofiberscopy-induced cough by an inhaled beta 2-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol. 290 78

A 43-year-old woman developed asthma 6 years after beginning work in a food-processing plant in which soybean flour was used as a protein extender. Symptoms of sneezing, coughing, and wheezing would begin within minutes of exposure to soybean flour and resolve 2 hours after exposure ceased. Skin tests were positive to a soy extract prepared from the flour. Airway hyperreactivity was confirmed by a positive bronchial challenge to methacholine. Bronchial challenge with soybean flour produced an immediate increase in specific airway resistance from 5.0 to 22.7 L. cm of H2O/L/sec. There was no response to challenge with lactose. The patient's allergic response to soy-flour extract was further characterized by several immunologic methods. IgE binding to soy-flour protein by direct RAST was 5.98 times that of a normal control serum. The soy-flour extract was separated by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four protein bands were detected in the crude soy-flour extract. After immunoblotting and subsequent autoradiography, nine proteins with molecular weights ranging from 54,500 to 14,875 were found. Cross-reactivity studies with other legumes demonstrated apparent immunologic identity between a component in green pea extract and a soybean protein with a molecular weight of 17,000. The clinical significance of this cross-reactivity is not known. We conclude that in this case of occupational asthma to soybean flour, multiple allergens were involved. Immunoblotting may be useful in identifying the allergens involved in occupational asthma.
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PMID:Soybean flour asthma: detection of allergens by immunoblotting. 304 39

Thirty-two workers in an electroplating plant accidently drank water contaminated with nickel sulfate and chloride (1.63 g Ni/liter). Twenty workers promptly developed symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, giddiness, lassitude, headache, cough, shortness of breath) that typically lasted a few hours but persisted 1-2 days in 7 cases. The Ni doses in workers with symptoms were estimated to range from 0.5 to 2.5 g. In 15 exposed workers who were tested on day 1 postexposure, serum Ni concentrations ranged from 13 to 1,340 micrograms/liter and urine Ni concentrations ranged from 0.15 to 12 mg/g creatinine. Ten subjects (with initial urine Ni concentrations greater than 0.8 mg/g creatinine) were hospitalized and treated for 3 days with intravenous fluids to induce diuresis, resulting in a mean elimination half-time (T1/2) for serum Ni of 27 hours (SD +/- 7 hour), which was significantly shorter (p less than .001) than the mean T1/2 of 60 hours (SD +/- 11 hours) in 11 subjects who did not receive intravenous fluids. Laboratory tests showed transiently elevated levels of blood reticulocytes (N = 7), urine albumin (N = 3), and serum bilirubin (N = 2). All subjects recovered rapidly, without evident sequellae, and returned to work by the eighth day after exposure.
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PMID:Acute nickel toxicity in electroplating workers who accidently ingested a solution of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride. 318 43

An 11-year-old Dalmatian was examined and treated for bilateral nasal discharge and cough of 6 months' duration. Response to medical treatment and surgical intervention was unsatisfactory. Histologic examination of lung tissue revealed chronic severe catarrhal bronchitis and bronchiolitis with bronchiectasis. Histologic findings and barium sulfate bronchography indicated abnormal mucociliary clearance in the respiratory tract. Electron microscopy revealed abnormalities or deletions of outer and/or inner dynein arms in 26% of the ciliary profiles from the affected dog. Similar abnormalities were not found in 500 ciliary profiles from age- and gender-matched control dogs.
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PMID:Immotile cilia syndrome in an aged dog. 361 Jul 67

In a broom manufacturing factory the authors performed microclimatic measurements, measurements of sulfur dioxide concentration and dust content. Workers (n = 190) were polled regarding discomforts characteristic of sulfur dioxide effects. Sulfates were determined in urine of 56 subjects, and methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin were determined in blood. Sulfates were determined in 43 controls and methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin were determined in 39 controls. Sulfur dioxide concentration in work environment ranged from 17.1 to 149.4 mg/m3 in winter and from 0 to 0.75 mg/m3 in summer. The exposed workers complained most often of coughing (94.2%), dyspnea (91.0%), burning in nose, eyes and throat (from 74.7 to 83.7%), substernal pain (75.3%), sore throat (74.7%), tearing (64.7%), etc. Sulfate concentrations were found to be statistically significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in urine of workers exposed to sulfur dioxide than in the controls. Methemoglobin concentrations were also significantly higher in blood of the exposed workers, whereas no difference was found in concentrations of sulfhemoglobin.
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PMID:Discomforts and laboratory findings in workers exposed to sulfur dioxide. 365 97

We present the case of a 68-year-old woman with acute pulmonary edema secondary to the administration of naloxone to reverse an inadvertent narcotic overdose. The patient presented following a 12-hour history of increasingly bizarre behavior and confusion. A total IV dose of 1.6 mg naloxone was administered in an attempt to reverse the suspected overconsumption of a codeine-containing cough suppressant. She immediately became agitated, tachycardic, and diaphoretic; a clinical diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema was made. Following treatment with furosemide, nitroglycerin, and morphine sulfate, the patient recovered completely without further incident. Although naloxone is thought to be a safe drug with few complications, it should not be used indiscriminantly, and the smallest doses necessary to elicit the desired response should be used.
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PMID:Naloxone-induced pulmonary edema. 366 94

Reported here are the results from an ongoing study of outdoor air pollution and respiratory health of children living in six cities in the eastern and midwestern United States. The study enrolled 10,106 white preadolescent children between 1974 and 1977 in 3 successive annual visits to each city. Each child received a spirometric examination, and a parent completed a standard questionnaire. Of this cohort, 8,380 children were seen for a second examination 1 yr later. An air pollution monitoring program was begun in each community at about the time of the first examination. For this report, measurements of total suspended particulates (TSP), the sulfate fraction of TSP (TSO4), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations at study-affiliated outdoor stations were combined with measurements at other public and private monitoring sites to create a record of TSP, TSO4, and SO2 concentrations in each of 9 air pollution regions during the 1-yr period preceding each examination and, for TSP, during each child's lifetime up to the time of testing. Across the 6 cities, frequency of cough was significantly associated with the average of 24-h mean concentrations of all 3 air pollutants during the year preceding the health examination (p less than 0.01). Rates of bronchitis and a composite measure of lower respiratory illness were significantly associated with average particulate concentrations (p less than 0.05). In analyses restricted to lifetime residents, these outcomes were significantly associated with measures of lifetime mean TSP concentration. Within the cities, however, temporal and spatial variation in air pollutant concentrations and illness and symptom rates were not positively associated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of ambient sulfur oxides and suspended particles on respiratory health of preadolescent children. 370 94

Unpleasant taste is a common feature of cough syrups, particularly those containing codeine. An antitussive compound of codeine sulfate and chlorpheniramine maleate was formulated in a coated drug-resin complex, which prevents release of the active ingredients until they reach the stomach and small intestine. Thus patients do not taste the bitterness of the codeine. A three-way crossover taste test was conducted in 175 volunteers who tasted each of three cough syrups in random sequence, rated the taste of each, and ranked their preferences. The cough syrups used in the study were the aforementioned formulation (CM), promethazine hydrochloride with codeine (PH), and iodinated glycerol with codeine phosphate (IG). Tastes were rated on a scale from +2 (very good) to -2 (very poor). Mean rating scores for each product were 0.97 for CM, 0.14 for PH, and -1.5 for IG. Pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant differences between CM and PH (P less than 0.01) and CM and IG (P less than 0.001) but no significant difference between PH and IG. CM was ranked as most liked by 115 respondents and as least liked by 27 respondents. Reasons cited for this preference were its sweet rather than medicinal taste and its smooth, thick consistency. Bitterness was a common reason for the lack of preference for PH and IG. CM thus was shown to have greater user acceptability than either of the other two cough syrups tested.
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PMID:Taste preference for cough syrups: a comparative study of three codeine-containing medications. 371 18

This study is a longitudinal comparison of the health of children exposed to markedly different concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and moderately different concentrations of particulate sulfate (SO4=). The four groups of subjects lived in two areas of one smelter town and in two other towns, one of which was also a smelter town. In the area of highest pollution, children were intermittently exposed to high SO2 levels (peak three-hour average concentration exceeded 2,500 micrograms/m3) and moderate particulate SO4= levels (average concentration was 10.1 micrograms/m3). When the children were grouped by the four gradients of pollution observed, the prevalence of cough (measured by questionnaire) correlated significantly with pollution levels (trend chi-square = 5.6, p = 0.02). No significant differences in the incidence of cough or other symptoms occurred among the groups of subjects over three years, and pulmonary function and lung function growth over the study were roughly equal among all the groups. These results suggest that intermittent elevations in SO2 concentration, in the presence of moderate particulate SO4= concentration, produced evidence of bronchial irritation in the subjects, but no chronic effect on lung function or lung function growth was detected.
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PMID:A longitudinal study of children exposed to sulfur oxides. 401 64

Inhalation of aerosols of citric acid, histamine phosphate, or carbon dust, or air cooled to - 20 degrees C or rapid respiratory maneuvers (inspiration or expiration) results in an increase in airway resistance in some patients with asthma or bronchitis. It has been shown previously in animals that stimulation of cough receptors results in bronchoconstriction through efferent cholinergic pathways. In the patients studied, the administration of atropine sulfate, which would block such pathways, abolished the bronchoconstrictor effects of all the stimuli except large doses of histamine, which may exert a direct effect on airway smooth muscle. These data suggest that sensitized cough receptors may be involved in triggering reflex airway constriction in such patients.
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PMID:Role of autonomic nervous system and the cough reflex in the increased responsiveness of airways in patients with obstructive airway disease. 607 Mar 26


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