Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were performed on 13 Polynesian children who suffered from recurrent respiratory disease characterised by cough, wheeze, tachypnoea and radiological opacities. Only one was substantially underweight. Most had iron deficiency anaemia. Serum IgG levels were high with a less definite trend to raised IgA and IgM levels. Precipitating antibodies to cow's milk protein were found in 6 out of 10 children tested who were currently on cow's milk feeds. The proportion of rosette-forming lymphocytes was reduced in 8 of the 12 tested. The Mantoux test using using 10 TU of PPD was negative in 7 out of 10 children who had had BCG in the newborn period. The likelihood of cow's milk contributing to the respiratory disease in these children is discussed.
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PMID:Recurrent respiratory disease in Polynesian children. 27 98

The clinical records of 7 patients referred to the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center over a 6-year period for evaluation of an abnormal chest x-ray and repeated sputum isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria (Runyon's Group IV) were reviewed to determine the potential pathogenicity of these organisms. Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from 5 patients and Mycobacterium chelonei from 2. Haemoptysis, cough and weight loss were prominent in 6. Three had rheumatoid arthritis. Although two demonstrated cutaneous anergy, lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA was normal. PPD-F was not useful in skin testing or in the in vitro evaluation of lymphocyte function. Histologic examination of the lungs of 2 patients demonstrated caseating granulomata. One patient died of massive pulmonary haemorrhage soon after intiation of therapy. Multi-drug treatment regimens generally resulted in progressive sterilization of the sutum and improvement in the appearance of the chest x-ray. We conclude that some rapidly growing mycobacteria can cause potentially fatal cavitary lung disease and that intensive anti-tuberculosis therapy may successfully alter its course.
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PMID:The pathogenicity of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei in man: a report of seven cases. 94

Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a significant clinical and public health problem in the elderly population. To describe age-related differences in disease manifestations, a comparison of the clinical features, predisposing factors, diagnostic approaches and radiographic findings in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis among 52 young and 62 elderly patients was performed. The elderly patients had a higher number of underlying disease than younger patients (p less than 0.05). Prior to admission, symptoms occurring with equal frequency in both younger and elderly patients included coughing, malaise, and weight loss. Elderly patients had significantly higher incidences of negative reactions to the PPD test (p less than 0.05). Radiographic findings revealed that upper lung field infiltrates were still common in both groups, but the elderly had more severe lung field involvement (two or more lobes affected), and more frequent pleural reactions than younger patients (p less than 0.05). Since there were non-specific clinical features, false negative skin test and complex radiographic manifestations, tuberculosis was frequently not suspected in the differential diagnosis, especially among elderly patients with multiple medical problems. We suggest that physicians need to have a high level of suspicion and awareness of varied manifestations for tuberculosis, especially elderly patients.
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PMID:Comparison of pulmonary tuberculosis in younger and elderly patients. 186 4

We compared the clinical-radiographic presentations of bacteriologically proven tuberculosis in 72 elderly (mean age: 71 yr) and 73 younger patients (mean age: 39 yrs). The tuberculin test (2 TU PPD) was positive in 55% and 92%, respectively. The prevalence of cough, dyspnea, anorexia, and weight loss was higher in the elderly (p less than .05), and night sweats were more prevalent in the younger patients (p less than .01). The radiographic pattern was not different between both groups (p greater than .10): "usual" apicoposterior lesions (with or without other abnormalities) were found in more than 70% of both groups; isolated "unusual" lesions consisted in both groups mainly of anterobasal infiltrations and sometimes of pleural effusions, rounded nodules, or miliary patterns. Yet, initially a wrong diagnosis was made more often in the elderly (p = .05). Malignancy, chronic pulmonary disease, and immunosuppression were more frequently encountered in the elderly (p less than .05), whereas alcoholism and smoking were more frequent in the younger patients (p less than .001). Tuberculosis-related mortality occurred in 6 elderly and 1 younger patient.
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PMID:Clinical spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis in older patients: comparison with younger patients. 194 79

A case of miliary tuberculosis associated with acute respiratory failure during pregnancy was reported. A 39-year-old, 29-week pregnant woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of nonproductive cough and fever on June 12. On admission, her temperature was 38.2 degrees C; pulse rate was 90/min., and blood pressure was 120/76 mmHg. Physical examination revealed moist rales at right lung basis. Chest X-ray showed small nodular infiltrates in right lower lung field. Laboratory data revealed positive CRP, accelerated ESR and increased level of alpha 2-globulin. The number of T-cells was markedly decreased (14/mm3). The PPD skin test was negative, and the sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli were negative. Suspected of bacterial or viral pneumonia, the patient was treated with antibiotics (CPM, EM and CAZ), which had no effects for her. On June 16, the Chest X-ray showed infiltrates throughout bilateral lung fields, and the patient became increasingly dyspneic. On June 18, the results of arterial blood gas, analysis under room air were: PaO2 26.7 Torr, PaCO2 29.0 Torr, pH 7.505. Because of severe hypoxemia, she was intubated and placed on a volume-cycled respirator. Hydrocortisone (1000 mg, daily) was added to treatment because ARDS was suspected. Since the smears of tracheobronchial secretions showed acid-fast bacilli on June 24, she was diagnosed to have miliary tuberculosis. Then the intensive therapy with antituberculosis drugs (isoniazid 400 mg, rifampicin 450 mg, and streptomycin 1g, daily) was started. The non specific antibiotics were discontinued; hydrocortisone was tapered and stopped. The next week, she became afebrile and hypoxemia steadily improved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of miliary tuberculosis associated with acute respiratory failure during pregnancy]. 225 55

To ascertain the value of screening for tuberculosis in the New York City (NYC) alcoholic and drug abusing welfare population, 2,641 clients were interviewed, and 970 (36.7%) of them met preestablished criteria for alcohol or drug abuse. The prevalence of active tuberculosis was 0.91%, which is 28 times the age-matched NYC rate. Screening only those persons with a positive PPD and a cough substantially increased the yield of active tuberculosis to 7.2%, or 225 times the NYC rate. The prevalence of a positive tuberculin skin test was 32.4%, or 1.5 times greater than the age-matched NYC rate. Treatment or prophylaxis for tuberculosis was required in 128 or 13.2% of the screened population. Seventy thousand NYC welfare clients are routinely evaluated for medical illness each year. This study predicts that in 1 yr this subpopulation could yield 239 clients with active tuberculosis and 3,181 requiring INH prophylaxis. Screening for tuberculosis in the alcoholic and drug abusing welfare clients is therefore urgently recommended.
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PMID:Tuberculosis screening in alcoholics and drug addicts. 367 81

A unique form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in which clinical symptoms appear in the summer and subside spontaneously in the mid-autumn was found in Japan. This disease was named summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis and was found the most prevalent form in Japan. This disease has the following characteristic features: 1) initiation in the summer; 2) repeated episodes during subsequent seasons for many years; 3) familial occurrence; 4) no occupational relationship; 5) positive returning-home provocation test; 6) cough, dyspnea and remittent fever as a clinical triad; 7) diffuse nodular shadows on chest x-ray film; 8) leukocytosis with neutrophilia; 9) moderately decreased % VC and markedly decreased Dco and PaO2; 10) skin reactivity to PPD is negative while symptomatic; 11) pulmonary lesions of biopsied specimens show epithelioid cell granulomas without central necrosis (63.3 percent), plus alveolitis and/or pneumonitis; 12) isolation of patients from their home environment diminishes symptoms; 13) corticosteroid is effective; 14) seasonal atmospheric microbiological pollution is speculated upon, but the offending antigen is not defined yet.
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PMID:Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. A unique disease in Japan. 669 85

Because of declining prevalence of tuberculosis in the United States, standard laboratory tests detect fewer actively infected patients. Of 6,884 cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in three years at our hospital, only 2% were positive. To select other effective screening variables, we retrospectively reviewed patients in whom cultures were ordered. Charts of 79 patients with active tuberculosis and 226 patients whose cultures were negative were reviewed for 45 signs, symptoms, and laboratory tests determined at the time of initial contact. Those variables which distinguished the MTB-active from the nonactive were: history of weight loss, prior exposure, night sweats, fever, abnormal chest roentgenogram, positive skin test (PPD) (at P less than .001), and cough and abnormal pulmonary examination (at P less than .05). An algorithmic analysis suggests that weight loss and/or cough, followed by abnormal chest x-ray film and/or positive PPD, would detect 77% of the MTB-infected persons in whom these tests were done. The classic signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis continue to be excellent screening variables. When combined with the chest x-ray film and PPD, they may allow use of the culture as a confirmatory test, rather than its current inappropriate use as a screening test, for a disease of low prevalence.
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PMID:Clinical determinants of tuberculosis screening. 678 Oct 72

An M. intracellulare, rough strain (serotype 7) has been isolated from sputum of a sixty-year old patients. This patient was a political prisoner in Germany between 1942-1945 and had contracted pulmonary tuberculosis with the cavity in the upper lobe of the right lung. A strain of mycobacterium susceptible to antituberculous drugs was isolated from his sputum in 1973. Since 1979, the isolation of M. Intracellulare has been accompanied by clinical signs of pulmonary mycobacteriosis, i.e. persistence of the cavity in spite of antituberculous treatments reapparition of cough with sputum, general weakness. Intradermo-reaction with specific sensitin gives a strong positive reaction, contrasting with a weak reaction with PPD tuberculin. As the antibiogram of the strain shows a susceptibility to cotrimoxazole and erythromycin, the patient underwent a therapy with the combination sulfamethaxozale-trimethoprime and erythromycin, for 4 months. At the end of this treatment, he seems to have recovered completely. The radiological aspect of the lungs remains unchanged. Although the source of contamination remains unknown, one thinks on the basis of bibliographica data, that it can be found in human beings, or seldom in animals (a pig, a bird) or in nature (a pond).
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium intracellulare (author's transl)]. 704 72

The incidence and clinical pattern of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and the contribution of individual laboratory procedures in the diagnosis of TPE were assessed in a five year prospective study. Two hundred and fifty-three patients presenting in three participating hospitals with pleural effusion (PE) were assessed clinically and had various laboratory investigations. Eighty-nine (35.2%) of them, including 73 (82%) men and 31 (34.8%) Saudis had TPE. Their mean age +/- SD was 33.4 +/- 11.2 years. Main symptoms in rank order were cough (80%), fever (75%), shortness of breath (64%), chest pain (61%), anorexia and weight loss (47%). PPD was positive in 82 (92%) patients. Positive culture or histological evidence of tuberculosis (TB) was observed in pleural biopsy (68.5%), pleural fluid (10%) and sputum (2%). Pleural fluid microscopy was positive in only one patient, chest radiological features of TB in 3 (3.4%). Six months anti-TB therapy resulted in complete recovery in 86 patients. It is concluded that in this community TPE constitutes over a third of all the causes of PE. The relatively young age of patients reflects the age structure of the indigenous population as well as immigrant workers. PPD, histology and culture of pleural biopsy were the most useful diagnostic tools while pleural fluid and sputum microscopy were unhelpful. The 6-months anti-TB therapy was excellent.
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PMID:Tuberculous pleural effusion in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. 785 16


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