Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a controlled clinical trial Frubienzym (throat lozenges with 5 mg lysozyme, 2 mg papaine and 200 I.U. bacitracin) or placebo have been given to 100 patients with pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis for 4 days. Under treatment with Frubienzym reddening, swelling, matter and mucus in the throat, coughing, swelling and pain of lymphatic ganglions and pain of swallowing vanished more quickly than under placebo. The differences were significant (p less than 0,05, p less than 0,001 or even p less than 0,001; U-test of Wilcoxon, Man and Whitney). There were no side effects which could be attributed to Frubienzym.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on Frubienzyme in a controlled double-blind trial]. 78 19

Seventeen out of thirty-three workers who have been exposed to airborne papain at their place of work regularly developed asthmatic symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, sneezing, rhinorrhea and conjunctival irritation upon contact with this proteolytic enzyme. Investigations by RAST, skin test and bronchial provocation test proved IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to papain in fourteen symptomatic workers. Ten of these were in a screening investigation involving twenty-nine of the thirty-three workers; i.e. the incidence of IgE-mediated sensitization was 34.5% of this group. Bronchial provocation of as little as 0.001--0.5 mg of papain was shown to elicit immediate or dual asthmatic reactions in all eight tested workers with RAST values greater than 3 u/ml. On the other hand, inhalation of 0.5 mg of papain did not cause any remarkable change in non-exposed asthmatics. Occupation-related blood-stained nasal secretions and/or cutaneous flare reactions in all four heavily-exposed papain workers, of whom three had negative skin test and RAST results, suggest a direct effect of the proteolytically active enzyme on human tissue. There was a significant elevation (P less than 0.001) of serum trypsin inhibitory capacity in papain workers which seems to depend on the degree of exposure. No significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic workers in alpha 1-antitrypsin (Pi) phenotype subtypes were found.
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PMID:Clinical symptoms and results of skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test in thirty-three papain workers: evidence for strong immunogenic potency and clinically relevant 'proteolytic effects of airborne papain'. 703 63

Of the twenty-three employees at a pharmaceutical plant manufacturing a new product containing papain, twelve had respiratory symptoms of cough, wheezing, dyspnoea, or chest paint. Most were studied with in-depth interviews by a doctor, extensive pulmonary function tests, and immunoserological tests for IgE and precipitating antibodies specific for papain, as well as total IgE antibodies to common natural allergens. There were significant correlates (all P values < 0.05) between the presence of specific IgE antibodies to papain and decreases of FEV1, FEF75--85, TLC, RV, and response to bronchodilators as percentage change from baseline for all spirographic flow rates. Atopic workers developed pulmonary symptoms and antipapain antibodies significantly sooner after papain exposure than did the others. Duration of exposure had no effect on symptomatology, pulmonary function, or immunological response. However, those judged to have the greatest amount of dust exposure per work-day had significantly more pulmonary symptoms (P < 0.005). Papain produced lung diseases by acting as an inhalant allergen rather than a proteolytic enzyme. Papain is a potent sensitizer in humans for the production of respiratory disease. The pulmonary reactions, based on physiological data, seem to involve small airways, alveolar, and interstitial lung tissue in an inflammatory rather than destructive manner, and thus resemble bronchitis and interstitial lung disease rather than pulmonary emphysema or typical bronchial asthma.
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PMID:Pulmonary disease in workers exposed to papain: clinico-physiological and immunological studies. 746 Feb 65

It has been known for many years that bakers, who work in an atmosphere filled with wheat flour and other grain products, often suffer from bronchial asthma and other allergy symptoms. We examined 36 cooks (males: 33, females: 3, average age: 29.1 years) exposed to wheat products while baking bread or making confectionaries in a hotel. Their clinical symptoms were investigated, and peripheral blood eosinophils, serum IgE, wheat flour specific IgE, IgG1, IgG4, and antibodies to alpha-amylase and papain were measured. Clinical symptoms were present in some cases, the most common being rhinitis (13), itching and skin eruptions (8), ocular symptoms, including tearing, itching and conjunctival injection (8), and respiratory symptoms, including cough and sputum production (8). Wheat flour specific RAST was positive in 44.4% of cases. Peripheral eosinophils and wheat flour specific IgG1 levels were increased in those with positive RAST scores. Total IgE level and wheat flour specific IgG4 also seemed to be increased in those with positive RAST scores. Wheat flour specific IgG1 and IgG4 seemed to correlate positively with wheat flour specific IgE. The exposure duration correlated with neither total IgE nor wheat flour specific IgE. In those who were wheat flour RAST positive, wheat flour specific IgG1 levels correlated negatively with exposure duration. In RAST negative cases, however, there was no correlation. Similarly, there seemed to be a tendency for wheat flour specific IgG4 levels and exposure duration to correlate negatively in RAST positive cases. The subjects of this study initially worked in poorly ventilated areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A study of factors contributing to bakers' allergy symptoms. 751 30

Dogs have been extensively used to model the important components of asthma and COPD. Many of the key features of human asthma such as reversible airflow obstruction, pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and cough are demonstrated in dogs after provocation with antigen, following a period of hyperventilation with dry air or after inhalation of ozone. Furthermore, standard anti-asthma drugs such as beta-adrenergic agonists, corticosteroids and leukotriene inhibitors are effective in these models. The pathology and pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis and emphysema can also be demonstrated in dogs after exposure to cigarette smoke, following inhalation of sulfur dioxide and by intra-tracheal or aerosol administration of proteolytic enzymes such as papain. These canine models of COPD have been used to evaluate a variety of new methodologies and treatments before they are tested in humans. This review highlights some of the important features of these canine models and how they have increased our understanding of the pathology, pathophysiology and control of human asthma and COPD.
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PMID:Canine models of asthma and COPD. 1832 32

With the rapid outbreak of COVID-19, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been playing an active role against the epidemic. However, the screening of TCM is limited by the development cycle and laboratory conditions, which greatly limits the screening speed. This study established optimization docking models and virtual screening to discovery potential active herbs for the prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus based on molecular docking technology. The crystal structures of 3 CL protease(Mpro) and papain-like protease(PLP) were obtained from PDB database and homologous modeling respectively, and were used to conduct virtual screening of TCMD 2009 database by CDOCKER program. The ingredients scored in the top 100 were selected respectively, and the candidate herbs were ranked by the numbers of hit molecules. Based on Mpro inhibitors screening, 12 322 potential active components were obtained, and the representative active components included aster pentapeptide A, ligustrazine, salvianolic acid B, etc., and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Asteris Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Dianthi Herba, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Cistanches Herba were obtained. While 11 294 potential active ingredients were obtained by PLP inhibitor screening, representative active ingredients included gingerketophenol, ginkgol alcohol, ferulic acid, etc., and Codonopsis Radix, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Ginkgo Semen, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Trichosanthis Fructus, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Psoraleae Fructus, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix were chosen. By combining the diagnosis and treatment scheme of Hunan province's and angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2) inhibitors screening from literature, present study also discussed the rational application of candidate herbs to this epidemic situation. Trichosanthis Fructus obtained by PLP inhibitors screening and Fritillaria verticillata obtained by ACE2 inhibitors screening were parts of the Sangbei Zhisou Powder and Xiaoxianxiong Decoction, which might be applicable to the syndromes of cough and dyspnea. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma screened by Mpro and Trichosanthis Fructus screened by PLP were contained in Maxing Shigan Decoction and Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction, and could be applied to the syndromes of epidemic virus blocking lung. Mori Folium, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus obtained by ACE2 inhibitors screening were included in the Sangju Decoction and Yinqiaosan, which might be applicable to the syndromes of warm pathogen attacking lung and cough and dyspnea. The results of this study are intended to provide a reference for the further development of traditional Chinese medicine to deal with the new epidemic.
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PMID:[Study on screening potential traditional Chinese medicines against 2019-nCoV based on Mpro and PLP]. 3228 28

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently caused a pandemic outbreak called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease has initially been reported in China and also now it is expeditiously spreading around the globe directly among individuals through coughing and sneezing. Since it is a newly emerging viral disease and obviously there is a lack of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic agents, it is urgently required to develop an effective anti-SARS-CoV-2-agent.Through recent advancements in computational biology and biological assays, several natural compounds and their derivatives have been reported to confirm their target specific antiviral potential against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS-CoV).These targets including an important host cell receptor, i.e., angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE2 and several viral proteins e.g. spike glycoprotein (S) containing S1 and S2 domains, SARS CoV Chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), papain-like cysteine protease (PLpro), helicases and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Due to physical, chemical, and some genetic similarities of SARS CoV-2 with SARS-COV and MERS-COV, repurposing various anti-SARS-COV or anti-MERS-COV natural therapeutic agents could be helpful for the development of anti-COVID-19 herbal medicine. Here we have summarized various drug targets in SARS-COV and MERS-COV using several natural products and their derivatives, which could guide researchers to design and develop a safe and cost-effective anti-SARS-COV-2 drugs.
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PMID:Current approaches for target-specific drug discovery using natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 infection. 3297 76