Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of roxithromycin, a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, on the cough response to inhaled acetic acid (AA) and on the bronchoconstriction induced by ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) in children with asthma. Ten hospitalized asthmatic children (8 boys and 2 girls, mean +/- SEM age 12.6 +/- 0.4 years) were enrolled in this study. They were treated with 150 mg of roxithromycin once a day orally for 8 weeks without any side effects. All the patients underwent AA inhalation challenge before and 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the administration of roxithromycin. Seven of the 10 patients, who had a fall in FEV1 of at least 20% after UNDW inhalation, underwent UNDW inhalation challege at the same time. The cough threshold values, the lowest concentrations of AA eliciting coughs, and UNDW provocative dose producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (UNDW PD20) values 4 or 8 weeks after the administration of roxithromycin increased significantly over the initial values (p < 0.05). No significant change was observed in baseline FEV1 or serum theophylline concentrations throughout the study. These results support the notion that administration of roxithromycin may have favorable results in the treatment of childhood asthma.
J Asthma 1997
PMID:Roxithromycin attenuates acid-induced cough and water-induced bronchoconstriction in children with asthma. 916 48

Sinusitis affects up to 14% of Americans. Traditionally, most patients with sinusitis are evaluated and treated by either primary care physicians or otolaryngologists. In order to gain information regarding the characteristics at presentation and the outcome of treatment of sinusitis by an allergist, the records of 200 consecutive patients seen at the Institute for Asthma and Allergy at the Washington Hospital Center for chronic sinusitis were reviewed. The most common presenting symptoms were nasal congestion, postnasal drip, purulent rhinorrhea, headache, cough, facial pressure, anosmia or hyposmia, hypogeusia, and throat clearing. Initial abnormal physical exam findings included abnormal transillumination, purulent secretions, nasal mucosal swelling, nasal polyps, and nasal crusting. Treatment included 4 weeks of oral antibiotics, nasal corticosteroids, nasal lavage, and topical decongestants. All of the presenting symptoms (23-75% of the patients) and signs (50-84% of patients) improved with medical management. Patients have been followed for 1 to 27 months, with a mean of 6 months, and 6% have required surgery, with one complication of cerebrospinal fluid leak. These findings indicate that medical management of chronic sinusitis in an allergist's office is effective.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Sinusitis in an allergist's office: analysis of 200 consecutive cases. 919 44

Little information is available on the epidemiology of childhood respiratory disorders in Southern Europe. We investigated the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a large sample of schoolchildren, according to gender, latitude, urbanization, and socioeconomic status. Questionnaires including the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core module on wheeze, as well as questions about other respiratory symptoms (including cough and phlegm), were completed by the parents of 18,737 schoolchildren aged 6-7 yrs, from eight centres of northern and central Italy. Wheeze in the last 12 months was reported for 9% of males and 6% of females, and severe wheezing attacks for 1.4 and 0.8%, respectively. Asthma during lifetime was reported for 11% of males and 6.4% of females. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma increased with level of urbanization, but reported wheezing did not, suggesting a labelling bias. Socioeconomic status was not associated with the prevalence of most wheezing symptoms or of physician-diagnosed asthma, but was negatively correlated with the number of hospital admissions because of asthma. Unlike wheezing symptoms, the prevalence of chronic cough and phlegm was associated with increasing urbanization and decreasing socioeconomic level. Urbanization and socioeconomic level have little effect on the prevalence of wheezing in this area, but they might influence the diagnosis and the management of asthma, as well as the prevalence of chronic cough and chronic phlegm.
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PMID:Asthma and respiratory symptoms in 6-7 yr old Italian children: gender, latitude, urbanization and socioeconomic factors. SIDRIA (Italian Studies on Respiratory Disorders in Childhood and the Environment). 927 19

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of menstrual-linked asthma (MLA) in India in 100 consecutive female asthmatics in the reproductive age group. The patients were required to respond to a questionnaire concerning the relationship between their asthma and the menstrual cycle. Twenty-three patients had subjective perception of deterioration in symptoms of asthma in relation to the menstrual cycle. Ten patients from both groups were also required to maintain a daily peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) diary for 2 consecutive menstrual cycles. The mean total duration of illness in patients with MLA was significantly longer than in patients without cyclic exacerbation. Cough and breathlessness were also significantly more severe as was the disease. This was evidenced by the more frequent emergency room visits and hospitalizations in these patients. Menstrual-linked worsening of asthma was most common in the premenstrual week (17 patients), in 8 of these 17 patients, this phenomenon continued to occur during the menstrual week also. Interestingly, 1 patient complained of deterioration of asthma 2 days after menstruation was over. Such an observation is yet to be recorded. Fourteen patients reported an increase in symptoms with almost every cycle while 3 had worsening related to specific season only. Sixteen patients often required extra medication during the premenstrual and/or menstrual weeks. A significant association was also observed between severity of premenstrual syndrome and MLA. The mean PEFR values over 2 cycles revealed a significant fall in the morning as well as evening values in the premenstrual and menstrual weeks as compared to the midcycle week in patients with MLA. This fall was maximal in the premenstrual week. Such a fall was not observed in asthmatics without menstrual exacerbation of symptoms. MLA was detected in about a fourth of the female asthmatics in India and it appears to represent a more severe form of the disease. This study also documented that MLA was associated with an increase in airway resistance and was not simply due to an increased perception of symptoms during the premenstrual or menstrual weeks.
J Asthma 1997
PMID:Menstrual-linked asthma. 942

We investigated the effect of pranlukast (ONO-1078), a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, in 11 patients with severe bronchial asthma. The patients had been treated with 1600 micrograms/day of beclomethasone or 800-1600 micrograms/day of beclomethasone plus 2.5-20 mg/day of prednisolone, but remained symptomatic. After a 2-week baseline period, the patients received 225 mg of pranlukast twice daily for 8 weeks. Morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and symptom scores (cough, dyspnea, sleep) were recorded in an asthma diary. Ten patients completed the study. Symptom scores, especially dyspnea and sleep scores, and the number of rescue beta 2-agonist inhalations were significantly decreased. The morning PEF significantly improved from a mean baseline value of 311 to 341 L/min by the end of the study period. The evening PEF also improved, from 328 to 348 L/min, although the difference was not significant. These results suggest that pranlukast may be effective in treating patients with severe asthma who are refractory to corticosteroid therapy.
J Asthma 1998
PMID:Effect of pranlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in patients with severe asthma refractory to corticosteroids. 951 83

The objective of this study was to describe perceptions of asthma care, morbidity, and health service utilization by parents of children with asthma presenting to an inner-city emergency department (ED). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in an urban pediatric ED, with a convenience sample of 466 parents of children receiving asthma treatment during a consecutive 6-week period in late fall 1995. Parents completed a 30-item survey including sociodemographic data, source of primary medical care and asthma care for their child, selected measures of access to care, and medications used by their child in the week prior to the ED visit. Perceived quality of asthma care was measured by six items (summary score = 0-6) reported to have been performed by the child's asthma doctor: discussion of home peak flow monitoring, child-specific triggers, dogs/cats, smoke, postexacerbation calling instructions, and provision of a written asthma management plan. Functional morbidity was measured by nights of poor sleep, days of cough, and school days missed due to asthma in the previous month. Among 325 patients with previously diagnosed asthma, 308 (97%) were reported to have a source of primary medical care. Of these, 126 respondents identified their primary care provider as the child's usual source of asthma care, while 158 identified the ED as the usual source. The groups did not differ by insurance status, ethnicity, or mean age of the child. Thirty-nine percent of children with the same provider for primary and asthma care compared with 15% of children reported to receive their asthma care predominantly in the ED had used inhaled steroids or cromolyn in the week prior to the ED visit (p < .0001). Children with the same provider for primary and asthma care had a higher mean quality score than children receiving asthma care in the ED (3.7 vs. 2.8, p < 0.0001), but there was no relationship between source of asthma care and functional morbidity. The ED remains the usual source of asthma care for many inner-city children. Among parents surveyed in the ED, there was a significant relationship between source of usual asthma care and quality of care, but a relationship between usual source of asthma care and functional morbidity could not be identified.
J Asthma 1998
PMID:Parental perceptions of access to care and quality of care for inner-city children with asthma. 951 84

Upper airway obstruction is well described as a cause of apparent asthma. However, it can be very difficult to diagnose in young children. This 3-year-old male presented with a 1-year history of severe recurrent wheezing with six emergency room visits in the previous 5 months. Cromolyn, inhaled corticosteroids, and frequent predinisolone bursts had not controlled the wheezing. There was no history of barky cough, croup, or stridor. His physical examination was notable for marked nasal obstruction. At initial presentation, his lungs were normal with no wheezing or stridor. Soft tissue neck X-ray films suggested the presence of a subglottic mass. A large solitary papilloma was found on bronchoscopy. After surgical removal, there was no further wheezing noted by either the parents or his physicians. Laryngeal papillomatosis may mimic asthma in the absence of symptoms of hoarseness, croup, or stridor. It should be particularly considered in 2 to 4-year-old children with recurrent wheezing that is poorly responsive to aggressive therapy including oral corticosteroids.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Laryngeal papilloma presenting as steroid-dependent asthma in a 3-year-old child without recurrent stridor. 953 19

Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function were studied in a cross-sectional survey of 348 Portland cement workers in Jordan. The workers were differently exposed to dust for at least 3 years. The geometric means +/- SE of respiratory cement dust concentrations were 0.5 +/- 2.1, 1.6 +/- 2.61 and 3.9 +/- 4.02 mg/m3 in the three determined levels of exposure, respectively. About 42% of the workers reported various chronic respiratory symptoms, but cough, dyspnea, and asthma were most prevalent (18.7%, 17.5% and 15.8%, respectively). The prevalence of respiratory symptoms did not tend to increase with tenure. Asthma was significantly associated with the age of 30-39 years and showed a proportionate association with exposure level. Smokers had higher rates of symptoms than non-smokers. Rates of cough, phlegm, and wheeze increased proportionally to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Overall pulmonary function indices were normal. When the independent variables were fit into a regression model, age significantly affected FEV1/FVC and current smoking affected FEF25-75%. It is concluded that inhalation of cement dust irritates the respiratory tree without markedly affecting lung function, and smoking aggravates this effect.
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PMID:Pulmonary manifestations in cement workers in Jordan. 957 67

We measured the serum level of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), determined the blood eosinophil count, and assessed pulmonary function by spirometry and airway responsiveness to methacholine in 80 patients with a cough lasting longer than 3 weeks without an obvious cause. The serum level of ECP was above the cutoff value of 15.7 ng/mL (mean + 2 SD in 105 healthy control adults) in 30 (37.5%) of 80 patients (high-serum-ECP group). The blood eosinophil count was significantly higher in the high-serum-ECP group than in the normal-serum-ECP group (p < 0.01). The cumulative dose of methacholine causing a 35% decrease in respiratory conductance (PD35Grs) was significantly lower in the high-serum-ECP group than in the normal-serum-ECP group (p < 0.001). The serum concentration of ECP was correlated with the blood eosinophil count and the PD35Grs (r = 0.59, p < 0.001 and r = -0.48, p < 0.001, respectively). These findings suggest a possible role for serum level of ECP in management of patients with chronic cough.
J Asthma 1998
PMID:Serum level of eosinophil cationic protein in patients with chronic cough: relationship to blood eosinophils and airway hyperresponsiveness. 957 48

Cough variant asthma (CVA) is thought to be a variant form of asthma in which cough is the sole clinical manifestation of airways hyperresponsiveness, a characteristic feature of asthma. Another characteristic feature of asthma includes an increased diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow (PEF) compared to normal subjects. To examine whether diurnal variation of PEF might also increase in children with CVA, we have examined the degree of diurnal variation of PEF in these children (n = 7) by measuring peak flow serially for a week, and compared it with those in mild to moderate asthma (n = 17) and in control children without cough (n = 8). In control children without cough, the average value of the mean diurnal variation of PEF was 10.4 +/- 0.8%. In both groups of children with asthma and with CVA, there was a significant increase in the value (20.5 +/- 1.3% and 23.6 +/- 3.6%, respectively) compared to that in control children (p < 0.01 in both groups), although there was no significant difference between these 2 groups. These results show that mild, but significant airway obstruction is occurring in children with CVA, although clinical wheezing is not recognized. Serial measurements of diurnal variation of PEF may be helpful for the diagnosis of CVA in children.
J Asthma 1998
PMID:Diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow in children with cough variant asthma. 957 49


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