Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Asthma bronchiale is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. The hyperreactivity of the bronchial system, the stimulation of the cholinergic receptors and the blockade of the beta-adrenergic receptors in the bronchial mucosa play a predominant role in the pathogenesis. These proceedings cause bronchial smooth muscle contraction in the larger airways and mucosal edema and mucus hypersecretion in the smaller airways. The diagnosis may be made on the basis of the recurring signs: cough, wheezing, and labored breathing with prolonged expiration. Asthma may be treated by therapy directed at its cause and if necessary by bronchodilators, mucolytic agents and corticosteroids.
 ...
PMID:[Special problems of asthma bronchiale in childhood (author's transl)]. 2 May 71

To discover the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease and the various factors associated with it, 1162 men (85% of the defined population) aged 25 to 69 years were surveyed using a questionnaire, chest radiograph and spirometry. 112 men with pulmonary tuberculosis or "other respiratory disease" were excluded from the analysis. Excluding the youngest age group (25 to 39 years), the smokers were thinner than the non-smokers. The percentages of overweight men among the non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers were 22%, 27% and 14%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Almost all respiratory symptoms were more common in the smokers than in the non-smokers, and the prevalence of cough, phlegm, severe breathlessness and the effect of weather on respiratory symptoms significantly increased with age. Asthma was not associated with age or smoking, nor was socioeconomic status associated with chronic respiratory disease. The ventilatory function, measured by FEV1, FVC and FEV%, was worse in the smokers than in the non-smokers. In addition the slope of FEV% on age was significantly steeper in the ex-smokers and the various groups of smokers than in the non-smokers.
 ...
PMID:Chronic respiratory disease in rural men. An epidemiological survey at Hankasalmi, Finland. 67 6

Nedocromil sodium (4 mg b.d. or q.i.d.) was added to the therapy of 76 chronic asthmatic patients in a four-centre, double-blind cross-over, placebo-controlled trial. Patients had troublesome symptoms uncontrolled by high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (mean 1450 micrograms). In 54 patients who completed the study, nedocromil sodium was significantly more efficacious than placebo (P < 0.01) in relieving morning chest-tightness and cough, in reducing total diary card score and nocturnal bronchodilator usage, and in increasing morning and evening peak flow. Asthma severity at clinic visits decreased significantly (P = 0.001) following treatment with nedocromil sodium, which was globally rated more effective than placebo (P < 0.01). Treatment differences favored q.i.d. over b.d. dosage but without statistical significance. There were no serious adverse effects. Although the pulmonary function changes were small, these findings suggest that the addition of nedocromil sodium may benefit asthmatic patients who are inadequately controlled by high doses of inhaled corticosteroids.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of nedocromil sodium at two dosage frequencies with placebo in the management of chronic asthma. 838 72

Skin tests were done by prick and intradermal techniques, using house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) antigen on 35 patients with early onset asthma, 33 with late onset asthma, 43 with asthma and frequent cough with sputum production (chronic bronchitis) and 30 control subjects. Absolute blood eosinophil and sputum eosinophil (as percentage of leukocytes) counts were performed on each patient. Positive skin tests to house dust mite antigens were significantly more frequent in each of the patient groups (35-75%) than in control subjects (0%), but were not significantly different among the three groups of asthmatics. All three groups of asthmatics had significantly higher mean blood absolute eosinophil counts and sputum eosinophil counts than control subjects, eosinophilia being most frequent in patients with early onset asthma. These findings suggest the importance of exposure to house dust mite antigens in the development of asthma in patients in Rangoon (Yangon), Burma (Myanmar).
J Asthma 1992
PMID:House-dust mite allergy and eosinophilia in patients with asthma in Rangoon (Yangon). 142 92

Each year in France, 42,000 children receive spa therapy, which is covered by the national health care insurance system. In over three cases out of four, the treatment is ordered by the child's physician for respiratory tract disease which fails to respond adequately to conventional therapy. Asthma, recurrent bronchitis, and spasmodic cough are the main indications in pneumo-allergology; seromucous otitis media, naso-sinusitis and refractory pharyngitis are the most common pediatric ENT diseases treated in spa centers. The two main types of mineral water used are sulfur-rich waters in patients with prominent infection and chloride and bicarbonate-rich waters when allergy is the main problem. Experimental studies point to the fact that these waters have immunomodulating effects. However, other therapeutic interventions in spa centers, including rehabilitation and health education, also play a role. Evaluations of spa therapy for respiratory tract diseases carried out by government agencies have demonstrated decreases in school absenteeism and above all in the use of drugs in treated patients. The future of pediatric spa therapy will likely depend on the development of preventive interventions in spa centers.
 ...
PMID:[Spa treatment in pediatric pneumo-allergology and ENT]. 161 45

Cough variant asthma is an occult form of asthma of which the only sign or symptom is chronic cough. This review examines 15 clinically oriented research articles on cough variant asthma and summarizes what is known about its frequency of occurrence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and natural history. Cough variant asthma is a common problem among all ages that frequently goes unrecognized. Pulmonary function, as measured by spirometry, is often within normal limits. Any patient with a nonproductive, nocturnal cough lasting more than two weeks, should receive an empiric trial of bronchodilators. The natural history of cough variant asthma is variable. A significant proportion of patients followed over time develop the classic signs and symptoms of asthma, whereas for many patients, cough resolves without need for further treatment.
J Asthma 1991
PMID:Cough variant asthma: a review of the clinical literature. 167 66

Asthma is a disorder of airway function that affects persons of all ages. Clinically it manifests as intermittent wheeze and cough in association with a measurable reduction in indexes of airway caliber such as peak expiratory flow or forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Bronchoconstriction in asthma occurs by a combination of smooth muscle contraction, mucosal edema, and mucus hypersecretion. An additional abnormality in asthma is an increased responsiveness of the airways to a wide variety of exogenous stimuli that fluctuates in time and broadly relates to disease activity. It has long been known that the airways of patients who have died of asthma show widespread inflammation, however, the role of the inflammatory processes in day-to-day asthma has not been carefully evaluated.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological modulation of asthma in relation to mechanisms. 168 94

The epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, and drug therapy of asthma in children are reviewed. Recent advances in drug therapy have, for unknown reasons, been accompanied by an increase in the morbidity and mortality associated with childhood asthma. The cause of asthma is not precisely understood, but an inflammatory process and hyperactivity of airways are common findings in the disease. Asthma in children can be classified as intermittent, chronic, or indeterminate; a severe, prolonged episode not relieved by usual treatment is called status asthmaticus. The hallmark symptoms of asthma are coughing, dyspnea, and wheezing. Beta-adrenergic agonists can be used orally for diagnostic purposes or for nocturnal asthma; i.v. or s.c. for emergency treatment; or by inhalation for relief of acute asthmatic episodes. Experience with anticholinergics in children is limited, and these agents should be used only when other options have failed. Inhalation of cromolyn sodium is very safe and is useful for the prophylactic treatment of mild to moderate asthma. Corticosteroids, which are used both for acute asthmatic episodes and for long-term treatment, can be given orally, i.v., or by inhalation. Theophylline is used for prophylactic therapy in children with chronic asthma. Selection of a drug regimen is based on knowledge of efficacy, pharmacokinetics, compliance, and toxicity. The treatment of asthma in children requires consideration of drug properties in young patients. Drugs used to treat childhood asthma include beta agonists, anticholinergics, cromolyn sodium, corticosteroids, and theophylline.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of asthma in children. 158 29

Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. Clinically, these features are manifested by attacks of cough, wheezing, and dyspnoea. Nocturnal asthma symptoms are frequent; 39% of asthmatics awaken nightly, and 94% have nocturnal awakenings at least once a month. A number of mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the phenomenon of nocturnal asthma, including exposure to dust mite allergen, late-phase allergic reactions, effects of posture and sleep stage on airway tone, gastro-oesophageal reflex, impaired mucociliary clearance, airway cooling, and changes in circadian rhythms of circulating hormones. While no single mechanism can explain these changes, circadian rhythms may be particularly relevant. Normal airway tone increases during sleep and is magnified in asthmatics. Bronchial responsiveness to histamine and allergen challenge increases during sleep and mast cell mediator release is enhanced. Circulating eosinophils increase, which may allow their ingress into pulmonary tissue. Decreases in plasma catecholamine and cortisol levels have also been observed. All of these may influence airway tone, inflammation, and responsiveness during sleep and produce the observed clinical picture. Inhaled sympathomimetics are frequently ineffective in preventing nocturnal symptoms due to their short duration of action. While corticosteroids, cromoglycate, and anticholinergics are effective, sustained-release theophylline is particularly advantageous for controlling nocturnal symptoms. Once-daily theophylline when dosed in the evening not only controls nocturnal symptoms and improves airflow during the early morning hours, but decreases airway responsiveness to histamine as well. The close association between airway inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness, and nocturnal asthma symptoms makes further studies of the mechanism of action of theophylline especially interesting.
 ...
PMID:Nocturnal asthma: mechanisms and the role of theophylline in treatment. 175 31

Duration of symptoms, medication use and follow-up medical care were examined over an 8-week period in children following emergency room treatment for an acute asthma episode. Two groups of children were compared: Short-course (N = 90) and Continuous Medication Users (N = 46). Over a third of Short-Course Users continued to report symptoms up to 6 weeks following the index episode with 31% reporting medication use at 8 weeks. Relapse, resulting in an emergency room visit, occurred in 26% of all study children. Factors associated with relapse included maternal smoking, female gender, prior hospitalization for asthma, cough, and medication use during the follow-up period.
J Asthma 1991
PMID:Outcomes of emergency room treatment of children with asthma. 189 78


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>