Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angiotensin (Ang) II antagonists provide specific and selective blockade of Ang II at the AT1 receptor, regardless of the enzymatic pathway of production. Valsartan has an affinity for the AT1 receptor 30,000 times that of the AT2 receptor. Valsartan is not a prodrug and undergoes little metabolism. It has a half-life of approximately 9 h, but duration of antihypertensive action at the usual dose of 80 or 160 mg daily is 24 h. The trough to peak ratio is 0.66. Valsartan has antihypertensive efficacy at least equivalent to that of established antihypertensive drugs and has additive effects in combination. The efficacy of valsartan appears to be independent of age, sex, and race. Valsartan is effective in hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency and is associated with maintenance of renal function. It is well tolerated, with a side-effect profile indistinguishable from that of placebo, and does not cause cough. Ang II antagonists are a promising class of cardiovascular drugs with considerable potential in clinical practice.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999
PMID:Angiotensin II antagonism in clinical practice: experience with valsartan. 1002 51

Twenty-two cases of cardiac myxomas were reviewed. The patients were 8 men and 14 women ranging in age from 12 to 73 (mean: 50.8 +/- 16. 6) at operation. They suffered from dyspnea, palpitation, and cough, similar to mitral disease symptoms, and cerebral emboli in 6 patients (30%) with left atrial myxomas. Echocardiography, especially transesophageal, was useful in diagnosing cardiac tumors and location. In 20 cases, tumors were at the left atrium and at the right in 2. Left atrial myxomas were approached through a septal incision in 17 cases; a large circular incision of the biatrium was used in 3 patients with large tumors or mitral regurgitation. Left atrial myxomas were attached to the atrial septum in 17 cases, the posterior wall of the left atrium in 2, and near the posterior commissure of the mitral valve in 1. Right atrial myxomas were attached to the atrial septum in 1 and posterior wall beside the inferior vena cava in 1. Resected myxomas weighed from 10 to 90 (mean: 39.1 +/- 19.1) g. No correlation was seen between features such as neurologic symptoms, feeding artery on coronary angiography, or functional status and tumor weight. No recurrence was seen.
Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999 Jun
PMID:Surgical treatment of 22 cardiac myxomas: A review. 1041 59

Spirapril is a new angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. It is a prodrug with a resorption of about 50%. The active metabolite spiraprilat reaches maximal plasma concentration within 2-3 h after oral administration. Spirapril can be administered once daily because of its long duration of action caused by an elimination half-life of about 40 h. It undergoes renal and hepatic elimination. In contrast to other ACE inhibitors it has a narrow dose range; therefore, the recommended dose is 6 mg for most patients without the need for dose titration. Spirapril has no relevant drug interactions. In several studies, spirapril was given to patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension at doses of 1-24 mg/day. There was an identical blood pressure lowering effect at doses of 6-24 mg/day; doses of 1-3 mg/day were less effective. Twenty-four-hour blood pressure monitoring showed a trough:peak ratio up to 0.84. In studies comparing the effect of spirapril with enalapril, lisinopril, trandolapril or captopril, spirapril was at least as effective as the other substances. Besides treating uncomplicated mild-to-moderate essential hypertension, spirapril can be used in patients with diseases accompanying hypertension such as heart and renal diseases, diabetes mellitus, and lipid disturbances. Possible advantages of spirapril compared to other ACE inhibitors are the dual mechanism of elimination, the lack of need for dose titration and a low incidence of cough.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999 Aug
PMID:Efficacy and safety of spirapril in mild-to-moderate hypertension. 1049 60

The efficacy and tolerability of spirapril were evaluated in a prospective, multicentre, post-marketing surveillance study on the treatment of arterial hypertension in 5000 patients, most of whom had received a single daily dose of 6 mg spirapril. The study was carried out by internists and general practitioners. In accordance with placebo-controlled clinical trials, spirapril was proven to be a very effective antihypertensive drug, in respect of both the mean reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure achieved as well as the responder rate of 89.4% and 85.4% for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Efficacy was equally good in single drug treatment and combination treatment. Differentiated evaluation of blood pressure values in respect of the severity of hypertension on the basis of the World Health Organization classification showed a clear relationship between the baseline blood pressure and the reduction in blood pressure. The higher the baseline blood pressure, the more pronounced was the antihypertensive efficacy; a particular reduction in diastolic blood pressure being observed. Tolerability was also good, with an incidence of side effects of only 2.9%. Coughing was observed in only 0.88% of patients. Thus spirapril is seen to be an effective and well-tolerated antihypertensive drug whose efficacy is clearly related to baseline blood pressure and thus is also very effective in the treatment of severe forms of hypertension.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1999 Aug
PMID:Clinical experience with spirapril in human hypertension. 1049 61

A 65-year-old man with chronic hypertension developed dyspnea, a cough, and a new diastolic murmur. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed severe aortic regurgitation. No valvular vegetations were identified and blood cultures were negative. Surgical intervention was recommended, but the patient died of an acute intracranial hemorrhage two weeks later. At autopsy, the posterior aortic cusp was flail, due to rupture of the residual cord above two large fenestrations. There was no acute or healed endocarditis. To our knowledge, this is the eighth reported case of aortic valve incompetence due to spontaneous rupture of a fenestrated cusp. Patients ranged in age from 31-67 years (mean, 54), and 4 (50%) were older than 60 years. Seven (88%) of the 8 were men, and 4 (57%) of 7 had chronic hypertension. Analogously, in another four reported cases, aortic insufficiency developed following spontaneous rupture of the fenestrated raphe of an atypical congenitally bicuspid aortic valve. Noninfective and nontraumatic rupture of cord-like aortic valve structures may result in severe acute aortic regurgitation, particularly in men with chronic hypertension.
Cardiovasc Pathol
PMID:Acute aortic regurgitation due to spontaneous rupture of a fenestrated cusp: report in a 65-year-old man and review of seven additional cases. 1072 25

Pulmonary sequestration involves an abnormal pulmonary tissue separated from the normal pulmonary parenchyma, not connected to the tracheobronchial tree and supplied by a systemic artery. A case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration is presented. Case; a 49-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever, cough and sputum production. Sputum culture resulted in a large growth of Aspergillus niger. Angiography showed an abnormal blood supply from the abdominal aorta to the right lower lobe. Right lower lobectomy was performed. The postoperative courses are uneventful.
Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000 Apr
PMID:Pulmonary sequestration associated with aspergillosis. 1082 82

A case of spontaneous intercostal pulmonary hernia as a result of vigorous coughing is reported in a 67-year-old man. The great majority of acquired pulmonary hernias are post-traumatic; rare cases are spontaneous, resulting from prolonged and/or repeated increased intrathoracic pressure. This hernia was successfully repaired with a polyglactin absorbable mesh and approximation of the ribs with heavy stitches. When required, surgical repair is the treatment of choice.
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2000 Aug
PMID:Spontaneous intercostal pulmonary hernia. 1105

A 45-year-old nonsmoking woman with repeated coughing and dyspnea on effort was admitted to our hospital diagnosed with right-sided pneumothorax on chest X-ray. Chest computed tomography showed neither bullae nor nodules. Chest drainage failed to completely reexpand the lung, necessitating video-assisted thoracic surgery. Thoracoscopy showed pleural thickening in the apical segment without bullae or air leakage, dark-brown pigmentation of the diaphragm, and an unsuspected small nodule about 5 mm in diameter on the diaphragmatic surface of the right lower lobe. Pneumothorax was treated by mechanical abrasion of parietal pleura and upper lobe wedge resection. The lower lobe and nodule were wedge-resected using staplers. The nodule was bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of Noguchi's type B. To improve curability and check for diaphragmatic lesions, right posterolateral thoracotomy was conducted on post-video-assisted thoracic surgery day 28. Aggressive intraoperative lymph node exploration yielded no remarkable histological findings. Nonanatomical lower lobe wedge resection was done and the diaphragm with pinhole-like perforations was partially resected. The resected lung showed no cancerous tissue. Endometrial tissue was histologically confirmed in the resected diaphragm. The patient has remained asymptomatic in 14-month follow-up. This is, to our knowledge, the first lung cancer accompanied by catamenial pneumothorax.
Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000 Oct
PMID:Unsuspected lung cancer accompanied by catamenial pneumothorax. 1108 Sep 61

A 56-year-old man, at one year before his first visit to our hospital, had presented cough, stridor and chest pain, and expectorated a mass, resulting in prompt disappearance of the symptoms. He was afflicted with recurrent symptoms, and the bronchoscopy showed a polypoid tumor occluding the right lower bronchus. The tumor was resected via bronchoscopy, which revealed histologically small cell carcinoma with significant inflammation and scar formation. The tumor was macroscopically the same as the one that had been expectorated by the patient at one year previously. A right lower lobectomy was conducted, but the specimen demonstrated no residual tumor. Tumor invasion into the bronchial wall was therefore limited within the submucosal layer for more than a year. Finally, the present tumor was diagnosed as an early small cell lung cancer with a characteristic of self involution. With no adjuvant treatment, the patient is well without tumor recurrence at 3 years to date after the surgery.
Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000 Dec
PMID:Early small cell lung cancer with extensive inflammation and scar formation. 1119 31

Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common type of ASD within the spectrum of congenital cardiac abnormalities in children. In this retrospective study the data on 75 patients with a pure secundum ASD were analysed. The male/female ratio was 1:1,3. This is less than the reported male / female ratio, of 1:2. The symptoms most often found were shortness of breath, cough and susceptibility to fatigue. An ejection systolic heart murmur was found in the majority of the patients. A fixed split second heart sound was only found in 49% of patients. This could have been the result of incomplete documentation, inexperienced clinicians, a fast heart rate or the fact that a split second heart sound is not always present in patients with ASDs. On the chest radiograph the majority of patients presented with right ventricular enlargement, right atrial enlargement and increased pulmonary blood flow. A relatively unexpected finding on echocardiography was left atrial enlargement. This is usually caused by volume overload in the presence of large ASDs. Another unexpected finding was the high number of left QRS-axis deviations (10%) and indeterminate QRS-axis deviations, left rotation (7%) present on the electrocardiogram. This finding is much higher than the reported 3.8% of left QRS-axis deviation present in patients with secundum ASDs. The only explanation for this phenomenon is that during the embryological development of the atrial septum, not only does a secundum ASD develop, but the endocardial cushion becomes involved, giving rise to abnormal conductive pathways.
Cardiovasc J S Afr 2000 Oct
PMID:Secundum atrial septal defects - a review of 75 patients. 1144 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>