Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Amlodipine (5-10 mg, once daily) and enalapril (10-40 mg, once daily) were compared in terms of quality of life, efficacy, and tolerability, in a multicenter, double-blind trial lasting for 50 weeks in 461 mild or moderate hypertensive patients. Both drugs were similarly effective in lowering blood pressure while maintaining quality of life. Apart from class-typical effects, such as edema for calcium antagonists, and cough for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, both drugs were equally well tolerated, with few adverse effects of clinical significance. Only a few patients [eight amlodipine (4%); nine enalapril (4%)] were withdrawn from the trial due to drug-related adverse events, demonstrating that tolerability was good. Neutral to slightly beneficial effects were found in blood lipid concentrations after treatment with amlodipine. Both drugs reduced the calculated risk of coronary heart disease over the next 10 years. It was concluded that amlodipine compared favorably with enalapril as an effective and well-tolerated antihypertensive drug.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993
PMID:A double-blind, long-term, comparative study on quality of life, safety, and efficacy during treatment with amlodipine or enalapril in mild or moderate hypertensive patients: a multicenter study. 752 82

An international trial recruited 1,049 patients from 122 investigators. After a 2- to 4-week, single-blind placebo run-in, patients were treated unblinded for 1 year. Therapy was started with trandolapril 2 mg once daily. The dose was increased to 4 mg/day if, after 1 month, blood pressure was not normalized, and then was combined with diuretics and/or calcium antagonists in increasing doses if necessary. At the cutoff point for this interim analysis. 481 patients had been treated for over 12 months and 960 for 3 months. At end point, trandolapril produced a significant decrease in blood pressure (-14 mm Hg for mean supine diastolic blood pressure). Blood pressure was normalized in 60% of the population with monotherapy. Trandolapril, alone or in combination with diuretics or calcium antagonists, was well tolerated clinically and biochemically. Only 3.9% patients reported dry cough. Withdrawals of patients from the study for treatment related reasons were 3.8%. Trandolapril had also an excellent antihypertensive effect and was well tolerated in elderly patients, in patients with glucose intolerance, and in patients with renal dysfunction.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994
PMID:Long-term therapy with trandolapril, a new nonsulfhydryl ACE inhibitor, in hypertension: a multicenter international trial. Investigator Study Group. 752 9

We tested the efficacy and safety of different combination therapies in hypertensive patients with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) on a monotherapy with a calcium antagonist: 1,647 hypertensive patients were enrolled to receive placebo for 4 weeks followed by isradipine (ISR) 2.5 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) for 4 weeks. Nonresponders [diastolic BP (DBP) > 90 mm Hg] were randomly assigned to receive either the beta-blocker bopindolol 0.5 or 1 mg/day, the diuretic metolazone 1.25 or 2.5 mg/day, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril 10 or 20 mg/day, ISR 5 mg b.i.d., or placebo. One hundred seventy-five receiving placebo dropped out; 93% (n = 1,376) of the 1,472 patients finished 4-week monotherapy with ISR. Sixty percent (n = 826) reached target BP, and 40% (n = 550) remained uncontrolled and were randomized. Regardless of dosage, all drugs led to a comparable reduction in BP except for the lower dosage of bopindolol and ISR 5 mg b.i.d., which were less effective in lowering systolic BP (SBP). The BP decrease achieved by combination therapy ranged from 10 to 15 mm Hg SBP and from 7 to 11 mm Hg DBP but remained unchanged with placebo. Side effects were minor, and only 2.4% of patients discontinued therapy because of side effects. The side-effect score for edema was lower with ISR plus diuretics than with other combinations, whereas the ACE inhibitor was associated with a higher score for cough. Monotherapy with a calcium antagonist normalizes BP in about two-thirds of patients when used in general practice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993 Feb
PMID:Efficacy and safety of various combination therapies based on a calcium antagonist in essential hypertension: results of a placebo-controlled randomized trial. 767 66

The efficacy and safety of cilazapril in chronic heart failure have been extensively investigated in an international clinical program in patients with underlying chronic heart failure with ischemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. Cilazapril in single doses of 1.25-5 mg produced a significant dose-dependent reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance and a significant increase in cardiac index. In placebo-controlled studies, 1-5 mg of cilazapril once daily for 12 weeks prolonged predose exercise test duration and improved New York Heart Association classification status and signs and symptoms of chronic heart failure, including paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Up to 86% of patients receiving these dosages had improvement, with only 12% of patients requiring the higher dose, 5 mg. These data indicate that cilazapril is effective when administered once daily to patients with chronic heart failure receiving concomitant therapy with digitalis and/or a diuretic. The safety of cilazapril in patients with chronic heart failure has been evaluated in 1,163 patients administered from 0.5 to 15 mg once daily for treatment periods ranging from 1 day to 57 months. Cilazapril was administered to 500 patients for at least 6 months, 264 patients for at least 1 year, and 101 patients for at least 2 years. The most frequently occurring adverse events were dizziness, coughing, dyspnea, fatigue, angina pectoris, and headache. Cilazapril was equally well tolerated by young and elderly patients. Treatment was discontinued due to adverse events in 12.9% of patients, mainly as a result of coughing (1.7%) and dizziness (1%). Forty-four patients (3.8%) died during cilazapril therapy or during a period without treatment. Of these deaths, 93% were due to cardiac causes, especially rhythm disturbances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994
PMID:Heart failure therapy with cilazapril: an overview. 770 63

This study investigated the effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor cilazapril on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension [defined as a sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 95-120 mm Hg]. The study group comprised 43 patients (24 men and 19 women; mean age, 51 +/- 10 years) with uncomplicated essential hypertension. In an open single-center design, all subjects were treated with a once-daily dose of cilazapril for 6 weeks, following a 1-week washout period. The initial dose was 2.5 mg/day. In nonresponders, this dose was doubled after 3 weeks of treatment. Thirty-eight patients completed the study. One was withdrawn due to symptomatic hypotension, and four others due to noncompliance. Treatment produced a useful and significant reduction in blood pressure (systolic from 155 +/- 3 to 138 +/- 3 mm Hg, p < 0.01; diastolic from 103 +/- 1 to 90 +/- 2 mm Hg, p < 0.001). No significant variations in mean heart rate were recorded. Normalization of DBP, or its reduction by > 10 mm Hg, was found in 28 patients (efficacy in 74% of cases). Cough was reported by one patient. There was no significant variation in laboratory profiles during the trial. Cilazapril proved to be a well-tolerated antihypertensive drug effective on a once-daily regimen in a high percentage of patients with essential hypertension.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994
PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of cilazapril in patients with essential hypertension. 770 74

We report on a 57-year-old male presenting with cough and chest pain as well as a chronic infiltrate in the right posterior basel segment. Antibiotic treatment had been unsuccessful, CT-guided needle-biopsy and bronchoscopy had failed to forward reliable results. Thus, videothoracoscopic biopsy was performed and histologic diagnosis of a low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was obtained. The tumor was left in situ and single-agent chemotherapy was initiated for reasons which are discussed. Up to now localized pulmonary lymphomas were mainly resected in the course of an exploratory thoracotomy because the disease often could not be diagnosed with certainty previously. It is discussed whether surgical resection is still the best choice or other treatment modalities should be preferred.
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994 Apr
PMID:Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lung. Will videothoracoscopic biopsy change decision-making with regard to resection of this disease? 801 25

The case of a 44-year-old black man who presented with severe dysphagia, cough and chest pain caused by a 12-cm aneurysm developing from a Kommerell's diverticulum at the origin of an aberrant retro-oesophageal left subclavian artery is reported. The aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta were right sided. Diagnosis was established before operation by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and arteriography. The aneurysm extended a considerable distance down the descending aorta and therefore the risk of postoperative paraplegia was considered to be high. Accordingly selective arteriography was performed to locate the Adamkievicz's artery which arose only 2 cm below the end of the aneurysm. Resection grafting of the aneurysm including the upper third of the descending aorta via right thoractomy was performed. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged 20 days later. This case appears to be the first successful operation for this pathology.
Cardiovasc Surg 1994 Feb
PMID:Right-sided aortic arch: surgical treatment of an aneurysm arising from a Kommerell's diverticulum and extending to the descending thoracic aorta with an aberrant left subclavian artery. 804 14

Thirty-five patients (10 men and 25 women) with a preoperative diagnosis of cardiac myxoma have undergone cardiac surgery since 1964 at the University of Louvain. The mean age of the patients was 49 (range 20-75) years. The most commonly encountered symptoms were: dyspnoea 49%; thoracic pain 26%; cough and peripheral embolism 17% each; stroke and preoperative atrial fibrillation 14% each; flutter 11%; expectoration, acute pulmonary oedema, syncope and transient ischaemic attack 6% each; and pulmonary embolism 3%. The different locations were: left atrium 66%; right atrium 26%; both atria 3%; right ventricle 3%: and retrohepatic vena cavae 3%. Septal implantation was found in 66%. Histological examination confirmed 28 myxomas but three 'tumours' were thrombi, two haemangiomas, one rhabdomyosarcoma and one liposarcoma. The follow-up has now reached 2829 months with an average of 81 months per patient (range 0-342 months). Three patients died early (9%) and there were four late deaths (11%). No cases were familial. Surgical resection is the correct treatment for cardiac myxomas and gives good long-term results.
Cardiovasc Surg 1993 Dec
PMID:Cardiac myxoma. 807 15

A 23-year-old man had been coughing with hemoptysis, and had received tuberculostatic medication for four months without any benefit. Upon referral, two-dimensional echocardiography showed a cystic mass located in the anterior right-ventricular wall, without any protrusion into the ventricular cavity. CT examination revealed three cysts in the lung fields bilaterally, additionally a multilocular cystic image in the right-ventricular wall was observed. All components of hydatid cysts in the heart and lungs were removed in the same session by median sternotomy. Extracorporeal bypass was used in this operation.
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993 Aug
PMID:A case of cardiac hydatid cyst localized in the lungs bilaterally and on anterior wall of right ventricle. 821 34

The aim of this 3-month double-blind study was to assess the antihypertensive effect and acceptability of perindopril in comparison with enalapril in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After a 4-week placebo run-in period, 161 patients with supine diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 95 and 115 mmHg were randomized to receive perindopril 4 mg or enalapril 10 mg once daily. If supine DBP was higher than 90 mmHg, treatment was adjusted monthly, first by doubling the dose and then by addition of hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg. After 3 months of active treatment the decrease in supine and standing blood pressures was statistically significant within both groups but was not statistically different between groups. The percentage of patients (65%) who achieved supine DBP of < or = 90 mmHg in the perindopril group was not significantly different from the enalapril group (73%). Monotherapy resulted in control of supine DBP in 56% of the perindopril group and 58% of the enalapril group; the addition of hydrochlorothiazide resulted in control of supine DBP in 6% and 15% respectively. The number of withdrawals for adverse events was statistically significant between groups (0 in the perindopril group and 7 in the enalapril group, p = 0.01). During active treatment the most frequently reported complaints were headaches and cough; there was not statistically difference between groups. Changes in laboratory parameters were minor and not significantly different between the two groups except for serum glucose, potassium, and triglyceride levels. In conclusion, there was no significance between perindopril and enalapril in terms of efficacy. Clinical acceptability seems to be better in the perindopril group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1995 Jun
PMID:Clinical acceptability of ACE inhibitor therapy in mild to moderate hypertension, a comparison between perindopril and enalapril. 852 53


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