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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Houttuynia THUNB. (Saururaceae) has been used for dozens of years in China for the treatment of cough, leucorrhea and ureteritis. The essential oils from the two species: Houttuynia emeiensis and Houttuynia cordata sold in China under one trade name 'Yuxingcao', obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC-MS. The results show that fifty-five components were identified and methyl nonyl ketone (2.10-40.36%), bornyl acetate (0.4-8.61%) and beta-myrcene (2.58-18.47%) were the most abundant components in oil, but the percentage of most of compounds in different species and parts varied greatly. The two fold broth dilution and agar dilution method were used to study essential oil of two Houttuynia THUNB. species for their antibacterial properties against microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Sarcina ureae. The two fold dilution method was allowed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oil from different parts and species. Results showed that all essential oils possessed antibacterial effect, with MIC values in the range of 0.0625 x 10(-3) to 4.0 x 10(-3) ml/ml. However, essential oil from different parts and species differed clearly in their antibacterial activities. The essential oil from the aboveground part of the cultivated Houttuynia emeiensis exhibited higher activity than both parts of the wild and cultivated Houttuynia cordata when used on Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.25 x 10(-3) ml/ml) and Sarcina ureae (MIC = 0.0625 x 10(-3) ml/ml), and had the same activity as the positive control ampicillin sodium.
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PMID:Variation in chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils from two species of Houttuynia THUNB. 1681 7

Pregnant women who have an urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection may transmit the infection to their infants. Conjunctivitis and nasopharyngeal infection are the most frequent manifestations. Less frequently the infants may develop pneumonia. We report a case of a 5-week-old girl with poor feeding, staccato cough and clinical signs of pneumonia. Chest radiography revealed severe bronchopneumonia. Despite of intravenous therapy with ampicillin and gentamicin respiration deteriorated and oxygen supplementation became necessary. After additional treatment with oral erythromycin (50 mg/kg per day) had been started the clinical condition improved. Polymerase chain reaction with a nasopharyngeal specimen was found to be positive for Chlamydia trachomatis.
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PMID:[A young infant with afebrile pneumonia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis]. 1688 99

We report a case of infective endocarditis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii complex in a 27-year-old male patient. The patient presented with fever of five days duration, palpitation, dyspnea, cough and chest pain. He had undergone a surgical repair of ruptured aneurysm of sinus of valsalva a month before. The transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large vegetation on the aortic valve. Three samples of blood for culture grew gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacilli within 24 hours which were identified by cultural and biochemical characteristics to be Acinetobacter baumannii complex. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby-Bauer method and the isolate were found to be resistant to ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Augmentin, Levofloxacin, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Netilimicin and sensitive to Imipenem. Patient was initially treated with Ceftraixone and Gentamicin and subsequently with Ampicillin and Amikacin but did not respond to treatment and died of sepsis before therapy with Imipenem could be started.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis due to Acinetobacter baumannii complex--a case report. 1718 61

In December, 2001, a 67-year-old woman was given a diagnosis of having systemic sclerosis and organizing pneumonia. Steroid treatment improved her condition, and she received no further medication for approximately three years thereafter. In October 2005, she visited Kurume University Hospital because of cough and fever. Chest X-ray film and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed bilateral patchy consolidation with air-bronchogram sign and ground-glass opacities, predominantly in the right lower lung field, suggesting relapse of organizing pneumonia. However, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis showed an increase of neutrophils (79%) and the CD4/CD8 ratio (4.04). Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (beta-hemolytic, Lancefield group G) was detected by bacterial culture of the BALF. Treatment with sulbactam sodium/ampicillin sodium (SBT/ ABPC) rapidly improved her symptoms. The patchy consolidations on chest X-ray and HRCT also disappeared after the treatment. On the basis of these clinical and bacteriological findings, we diagnosed the patient as having bacterial pneumonia caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.
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PMID:[A case of bacterial pneumonia caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, showing patchy consolidations resembling organizing pneumonia]. 1731 25

A 18-year-old man complaining of remittent fever and nonproductive cough visited a nearby clinic. He did not recover despite treatment of oral azithromycin. We admitted him because his chest radiograph showed consolidation in the left upper lung field. We diagnosed his pneumonia as co-infection by non-bacterial and bacterial pathogens, and initiated treatment with intravenous ampicillin and oral clarithromycin. On the 3rd day after admission his symptom had not improved, so his treatment was changed to intravenous panipenem/betamipron and erythromycin. Ciprofloxacin was administered intravenously because consolidative shadows with atelectasis increased on the chest radiograph on the 6th day. Clinical symptoms such as fever, CRP and chest radiograph findings were rapidly improved after the start of ciprofloxacin treatment. He was discharged on the 22nd hospital day. Since serum antibody titer against Mycoplasma pneumoniae was elevated to x 20,480 on the 13th hospital day, it is confirmed that causative pathogen was macrolide-ineffective Mycoplasma Pneumoniae.
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PMID:[Case of macrolide-ineffective Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia successfully treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin]. 1831 53

Cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans has a wide range of clinical presentations, varying from asymptomatic colonization of the respiratory airways to the dissemination of infection into different parts of body. It is more common among immunosupressed patients such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive ones. In this report we present a case with C. neoformans meningitis and miliary pulmonary infiltrates suggesting pulmonary tuberculosis without HIV infection. A-70-years-old male was admitted to the hospital with mental confusion, 3-weeks history of headache, weight loss, dry cough and fatigue. Physical examination was normal except neck stiffness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white cell count was 120/mm3 (80% polimorphonuclear cells). Gram staining of CSF revealed poorly stained gram-positive yeast cells. Empirical therapy with lipozomal amphotericin B, ceftriaxone and ampicillin combination was started. When C. neoformans growth was detected on CSF culture, ceftriaxone and ampicillin were discontinued. Patient became conscious at 24th hour of the treatment. Peripheric blood flow-cytometric analysis revealed a significant decrease in absolute CD4+ T lymphocytes, and in CD8+28+ T lymphocytes in addition a significant increase in natural killer cell ratio. Blood immunoglobulin and complement levels were found normal. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomogralphy (CT) of the abdomen were normal, however, chest CT revealed multiple parenchymal millimetric nodular infiltrations on both sides and minimal fibrotic alterations. Acid-fast staining of CSF, tuberculosis culture, tuberculosis PCR results and repeated HIV serology were found negative. Despite the lack of microbiological confirmation, empirical antituberculosis treatment was also started with the suspicion of miliary tuberculosis as the patient had a symptom of long-term dry cough, miliary infiltrations on chest CT, anergic tuberculin skin test and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis in childhood. After two weeks, amphotericin B was changed to oral fluconazole which was continued for an additional eight weeks. Antituberculosis therapy was given for nine months. Control chest CT taken after four months of antituberculosis therapy revealed improvement of the lesions. This presentation emphasizes the fact that cryptococcal infections may develop in HIV negative patients, even together with tuberculosis in certain cases and radiological findings of the two infections may be confusing when both of them invade the lungs.
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PMID:[Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in a HIV negative miliary tuberculosis-suspected patient]. 1882 99

An 80-year-old woman presenting with fever and cough was given a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. She was hospitalized and treated with ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT) and clarithromycin (CAM). Gram stain images and sputum culture results led us to believe that the causative agent was Haemophilus influenzae. Drug sensitivity testing indicated that the H. influenzae was a beta-lactamase-positive, ABPC-resistant (BLPAR) strain. Treatment with ABPC/SBT was not clinically effective. We considered the possibility of beta-lactamase-positive amoxicillin/clavulanate-resistant (BLPACR) strains. Further testing revealed that the MIC of ABPC was 128 microg/ml, that of SBT/ABPC was 8 microg/ml, and that of AMPC/CVA was 4 microg/ml. Furthermore, genetic analysis indicated the H. influenzae to be a BLPACR-I strain. The poor clinical course eventually led to a diagnosis of BLPACR. When beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae is cultured, the possibility of a BLPACR strain resistant to ABPC/SBT and AMPC/CVA must be considered.
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PMID:[Case of pneumonia caused by beta-lactamase-producing and amoxicillin/clavulanate resistant strains of H. influenzae]. 1893 21

A 54-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for investigation of cough, sputum production, and fever of 1 month's duration. His diabetes mellitus was poorly controlled, and his hemoglobin HbA1c value was elevated at 10.9%. Chest X-ray film and computed tomography scan showed bilateral but predominantly right-sided pleural effusion. Aspiration of the pleural fluid from the right-side showed frank pus, and empyema was diagnosed. Capnocytophaga sp. and Actinomyces israelii were isolated in the pleural effusion and were regarded as the pathogens causing the empyema. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated in his sputum, and it may also have been a possible pathogen. The patient improved with administration of antibiotics (6 g/day ampicillin/sulbactam, 3 g/day ceftazidime hydrate and 1200 mg/day clindamycin) and chest tube drainage. He was discharged and regularly followed on an outpatient basis. We report this rare case of Capnocytophaga sp. and Actinomyces israelii as the pathogenic causes of empyema.
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PMID:[A case of empyema due to Capnocytophaga sp. and Actinomyces israelii]. 1988 14

We report 2 cases of household transmission of pneumococcal pneumonia in isolation, associated with pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009. A Chinese-American family consisting of a 47-year-old woman and her 16- and 9-year-old sons came to Japan at the beginning of July 2009. The day after their arrival, the woman noticed a high fever in the eldest son. The following day, the other family members also developed high fevers. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) analysis confirmed pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection in all family members. After diagnosis, all patients were given oseltamivir at another hospital. Subsequently, they were admitted to our hospital and placed in isolation in accordance with the Japanese Infectious Disease Law. At the time of admission, all family members were in a stable condition. However, on the day after admission, the mother complained of a productive cough. Upon further investigation, a CT scan showed a consolidation shadow in the right middle lung lobe. After isolating Streptococcus pneumoniae from her sputum culture, we diagnosed bacterial pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae. In addition, both of her sons also developed fever and cough, and sputum obtained from her elder son indicated S. pneumoniae infection. All 3 were treated with ampicillin and their symptoms improved over a period of a few days. Although the role of Streptococcus pneumoniae in cases of novel influenza A (H1N1) remains unclear, these bacteria may have been responsible for many complications during past pandemic and non-pandemic influenza cases. Use of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine should be considered as a potential way to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia during future influenza pandemics.
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PMID:[Household transmission of pneumococcal pneumonia associated with pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009]. 2043 76

A 66-year-old woman came into the emergency department with a diffuse rash and a cough. She had a rash on the palms of her hands, which had developed the day before, but had improved a bit. She also had a rash on her feet, legs, and lower abdomen, which had developed that morning. She said that over the previous 2 days she had had a fever, dry cough, and some difficulty breathing. Her past medical history was significant for asthma, diabetes, hypertension, and osteoarthritis. Her medications included atenolol, celecoxib, metformin, pioglitazone, and an albuterol inhaler, as needed. In addition, she was on the ninth day of a 10-day course of nitrofurantoin for acute cystitis. She was allergic to ampicillin and erythromycin. On physical exam, she had a fever of 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit. On lung examination, she had diffuse wheezes and mild bibasilar crackles. Examination of her skin revealed a nonpainful, nonpruritic, erythematous, maculopapular rash located on the palms and legs, as well as on her lower abdomen. Chest radiograph showed mild opacification in the bases of the lungs. What is your diagnosis?
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PMID:Diffuse rash and cough in elderly woman with a UTI. 2054 49


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