Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The characteristics features of right-sided endocarditis are summarized in this case report of a 30-year-old female admitted with a history of high grade, continuous, fever, breathlessness, and dry cough over a 10-day period. The patient had had an incomplete abortion 15 days earlier for which dilatation and curettage was performed. On examination, the patient was toxic, febrile with a pulse of 118/minute and respiration 36/minute. Her blood pressure was 110/70 mm Hg. There was soft, tender hepatomegaly and soft splenomegely. There also were scattered coarse crepitations over both lungs. The vaginal examination revealed posterior fornicial bogginess and tenderness. Urine and cervical pus swab showed growth of klebsiella. The blood culture was negative. A plan chest X-ray revealed multiple, small, basal, pulmonary infiltrates. Posterior colopuncture revealed a small quantity of clear, yellowish fluid. Abdominopelvic ultrasonography revealed an ill-defined haziness in the parauterine region. The patient was treated with ampicillin, gentamycin, and metronidazole, but she continued to deteriorate. An urgent exploratory laparotomy was performed. The patient died on the 2nd postoperative day. The autopsy findings revealed that the heart was normal in size and shape. The tricuspid valve showed a large vegetation projecting into the ventricle. Microscopic examination revealed polymorphonuclear infiltration with clumps of gram-negative bacillifocal areas of myocarditis also were seen. In lungs the right lower lobe showed a small, hemorrhagic infarct. Both the liver and spleen were congested. Kidneys showed multiple petechiae on the external surface and on the cut section. Endocarditis during pregnancy may be because of perinatal infections, urinary tract infection, or septic thrombophlebitis of pelvi veins. Septic abortion of pelvic infection secondary to IUD also can provide portal of entry for bacteria. The common organisms are streptococcus, staphylococci, and occasionally bacteroides and gram negative bacilli. Clinical suspicion of right-sided endocarditis is justified in any patient with prolonged fever, cough, pleuritic pain, tachycardia, and multiple pulmonary infiltrates. Heart murmurs are usually absent and if present are soft and may be heard at atypical sites.
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PMID:Tricuspid valve endocarditis following septic abortion. 371 Oct 12

A study was made of the clinical features and therapeutic response of 144 patients from whose sputum Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated. Typically, features of bronchopulmonary infection with cough productive of moderate amounts of purulent sputum, fever and dyspnoea were present. Of 74 patients who were infected in the community, 50 required hospital admission. Nosocomial infection occurred in the remaining 70 patients. Most patients had chronic pulmonary diseases or carcinoma bronchus; pneumonia occurred in 12 patients. Acute tracheobronchitis developed in 4 healthy non-smokers after viral illnesses. B. catarrhalis contributed to the death of 8 patients. Overall, 59% of isolates produced beta-lactamase but the proportion had risen to 70% by the end of the study; half of these were community acquired. 41% of patients who were treated initially with ampicillin did not respond. Clavulanic acid plus amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, tetracycline, cefuroxime and cefotaxime are useful alternative antibiotics. All strains of B. catarrhalis were resistant to trimethoprim.
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PMID:Bronchopulmonary infection due to B. catarrhalis. Clinical features and therapeutic response. 373 80

The authors treated acute flare-ups of chronic bronchitis with a combination of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) (cotrimazine). They treated thirty patients for a week, with daily dosages of 900 mg SDZ and 300 mg TMP, in an open trial in comparison with ampicillin 2 g daily. The result of treatment (course and duration of the acute episode, fever, cough, dyspnoea, sputum amount and description, chest sounds, ESR, and WBC count), tested by suitable statistical methods, showed that cotrimazine had excellent therapeutic activity and was readily tolerated; over-all results compared closely with those obtained with ampicillin. In their concluding remarks the authors state that in addition to being effective in the morbid condition selected for trial, cotrimazine offers some advantages over similar combinations of TMP and other sulfonamides, both because of the intrinsic physicochemical and pharmacological properties of SDZ and because of its lower dosage in this combination.
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PMID:A clinical trial of co-trimazine (sulfadiazine + trimethoprim) in flare-ups of chronic bronchitis. 636 54

The pulmonary and systemic dispersion of a dye mixture after intratracheal (i.t.) administration was characterized in young dairy calves. Five calves were given i.t. injections of a fluorescein and ampicillin mixture, and were then killed at 2, 5 or 15 min after treatment. The respiratory system, nasal pharynx area, nose, liver, kidney, stomach and esophagus were removed and examined. Sections were taken from lung areas for histopathological examinations and all tissues were photographed, using floodlight and ultraviolet light. There was uniform low-grade fluorescence throughout the lung, but the greatest fluorescence followed an anterior ventral dispersion. The dye was readily absorbed from the lung into the bloodstream, causing fluorescence in the liver, bile, kidney and urine. Coughing of the calves during the injection caused some of the mixture to be expectorated and swallowed, resulting in fluorescence in the esophagus, stomach contents, and nasal pharanges, turbinates and nostrils.
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PMID:Dispersion of a fluorescein dye-ampicillin mixture after intratracheal administration in calves. 674 57

Sixteen patients with chronic bronchitis were treated in a single-blind crossover study during two separate acute exacerbations caused by bacterial infections. During one of the episodes a regimen consisting of two 800-mg doses of bacampicillin per day was given; therapy for the other episode was four 500-mg doses of ampicillin per day. Each drug was given for 14 days. Patients were observed once before therapy was started, twice a week during therapy, and weekly after therapy; the investigator did not know which drug the patients were receiving. Graded clinical observations included frequency and severity of cough, wheezing, rales, rhonchi, breath sounds, and prolongation of expiration. Objective sputum measurements included daily volume, qualitative and quantitative cytology, and quantitative bacterial counts. Paired t-test analyses revealed that before therapy was begun the group receiving bacampicillin was sicker. Both agents effectively decreased inflammation and counts of bacterial flora. Clinical symptoms cleared 11 days after institution of therapy with either drug, but patients tended to favor bacampicillin in overall clinical effects. Adverse effects were similar with both agents, but bacampicillin was associated with fewer upper and more lower gastrointestinal symptoms.
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PMID:Comparison of bacampicillin twice daily and ampicillin four times daily in treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 701 95

The efficacy and safety of pivampicillin was compared with that of ampicillin in 52 patients suffering from lower respiratory tract infections. Equimolar doses of pivampicillin (350 mg) and ampicillin (250 mg) were administered three times daily for 15 days in identical code-labeled capsules. Each patient received only one drug in a random double-blind order. Clinical as well as objective assessment showed that pivampicillin was comparatively more effective and safer than ampicillin on both the 7th and 15th day of treatment. The reduction in the volume and purulence of sputum and in cough and dyspnea was more marked with pivampicillin. The overall success rate was higher and the side effects were fewer with pivampicillin.
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PMID:A comparative randomized double-blind clinical trial of pivampicillin and ampicillin in lower respiratory tract infections. 703 62

Little data are available on the use of drugs in children on an outpatient basis. Therefore, the present study investigated national patterns in the prescribing of drugs for children by office-based physicians during 1979, in order to describe the most commonly encountered pediatric drug therapies. The data are presented as descriptive norms of drug therapy by office-based physicians in two pediatric subgroups, 0 to 2 years old and 3 to 9 years old. Anti-infective drugs and cough and cold preparations accounted for approximately 50% of drugs used. Tetracycline and its congeners continue to be used in pediatric patients. Despite apparent advantages of amoxicillin, ampicillin is still widely used.
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PMID:Drug therapy for ambulatory pediatric patients in 1979. 708 28

A male patient presented with complaints of fever, cough with expectoration, burning micturition and 5-6 semisolid motions per day for the past 6 days. Skiagram chest (PA view) revealed lung abscess in the left mid zone. There was no improvement, symptomatically and radiologically, after an empirical course of antibiotics (IV ampicillin and gentamycin). Sputum, urine and stool cultures grew salmonella group E organisms sensitive only to cefotaxime. The patient was treated with IV cefotaxime and responded well clinically, radiologically and bacteriologically.
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PMID:Salmonella group-E (Senftenberg) lung abscess: a case report. 785 53

A total of 592 children with clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever admitted to the Dr B. C. Roy Memorial Hospital for Children, Calcutta, India during the period between February 1990 and January 1992, were screened for Salmonella typhi by blood culture. S. typhi was isolated from 221 (37.3%) cases. The majority of the strains (92.3%) showed multi-drug resistant (MDR). They were resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. However, all the strains were uniformly (100%) susceptible to gentamicin, amikacin, furazolidone, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the antimicrobial agents against the resistant strains of S. typhi ranged between 200 and > 1600 micrograms/ml. Phage type 0 was most frequently encountered. The rate of isolation of S. typhi was more or less the same in all the pediatric age groups. The majority of the cases came from lower socio-economic classes with poor personal hygiene. Fever was the main presenting feature in all the cases. Other associated features of the MDR typhoid fever cases, who were uncomplicated during admission, were headache (36.0%), chill and rigor (23.2%), diarrhea (37.2%), anorexia (26.2%), vomiting (23.8%), cough (18.0%) and abdominal pain (19.8%). Hepatosplenomegaly was present in 42.4% cases. However, complications were less frequently encountered among the MDR typhoid fever cases who were uncomplicated during admission and treated as in-patients. Fourteen bacteriologically-confirmed MDR typhoid fever cases had jaundice and another 18 cases had an abnormal state of consciousness during admission. Four (2.0%) bacteriologically-confirmed MDR typhoid fever patients died during the period of observation.
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PMID:Multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in hospitalised children. Clinical, bacteriological and epidemiological profiles. 795 89

Despite the high incidence of distal respiratory tract infection of undetermined cause on farms, to our knowledge, the microbiologic effects of conventional antimicrobial treatment for this condition have not been studied. We evaluated the possible pathogenic role of bacterial isolates from the distal airways of foals with clinical respiratory tract disease, by correlating changes in their numbers (increase or decrease) with clinical, endoscopic, and pulmonary cytologic signs of disease resolution during treatment with antimicrobial drugs. We also determined qualitative changes in in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates after 7 days of treatment and relapse rate of foals. Significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the numbers of an isolate in the airways was considered strong evidence of a pathogenic role in this disease syndrome. Foals with endoscopically confirmed distal respiratory tract infection (DRTI; n = 65) were selected at random for treatment (n = 56) or nontreatment (n = 9), and bronchial lavage specimens were cultured and evaluated cytologically before and after 7 days of treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS) and a beta-lactam drug (penicillin, ampicillin, or sulbactam-ampicillin), the standard treatment in all foals. The effect of treatment was to abruptly reduce the clinical (nasal discharge, cough, adventitious lung sounds) and cytologic signs of airway infection. Severity of disease in nontreated foals, however, did not change or did worsen over time. Reduction in the frequency and numbers of Streptococcus zooepidemicus isolated during treatment supported a causal role for this organism in the clinical syndrome observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Microbiologic changes during antimicrobial treatment and rate of relapse of distal respiratory tract infections in foals. 825 Mar 85


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