Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 28 year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of fever, cough and chest pain. A chest X-ray film taken on admission showed infiltrate in the left upper lung field with ipsilateral pleural effusion. Microscopical examinations of stained specimens of sputa and pleural effusions disclosed no acid-fast bacilli. The level of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in pleural effusion was 46.4 IU/l. A tuberculin skin test was moderately positive. The most probable diagnosis was pulmonary tuberculosis with pleural effusion. Isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RFP) were administered on the 5th hospital day and continued to lower the fever and reduce the pleural effusion. The cultured specimens of sputa and pleural effusions yielded Mycobacterium kansasii. After six months of treatment, chest X-ray film showed improvement and the administration of INH, RFP was discontinued without recurrence.
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PMID:[Nontuberculous Mycobacterium pulmonary infection with pleural effusion caused by Mycobacterium kansasii]. 837 27

Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are two different diseases with different etiology, clinical features and treatment. Both are granulomatous disease, but tuberculosis has a caseating necrosis granuloma as opposed to sarcoidosis witch present noncaseating epithelioid cell granuloma. If chest radiography shows hilar lymphadenopathy and hystopatological features reveal no caseating necrosis granuloma the differential diagnosis might be difficult. This is a case of abdominal adenopathy in a 39-years-old male, with a past medical history significant for pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient was admitted to the hospital for mild epigastric pain and weight loss (14 kg for the last year). The abdominal ultrasound and CT scan revealed retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral hilar adenopathy and mediastinal adenopathy. After various differential diagnoses were considered, a diagnostic laparoscopy and a lymph node biopsy were performed. The pathology report showed chronic necrotizing granuloma. The case was interpreted as lymph node sarcoidosis and treated with corticosteroids (Prednisone). After one month of treatment the patient complained of dry cough, night sweats, fatigability, decreased appetite and weight loss. Pathological findings of chest radiography and CT scan with iv contrast (left upper lobe infiltrate, right lower lobe ill-defined mass, multiple small nodular opacities scattered throughout both lung fields, bilateral hilar and mediastinal adenopathy, lymph nodes near celiac trunk were enlarged) and positive acid-fast bacilli of sputum smears point to the real diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and abdominal lymph nodes tuberculosis. The patient was started on a daily treatment with Isoniazid, Pyrasinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycine, Cyprofloxacine, Cicloserine and Protionamide (he was allergic to Rifampin). Five months later the clinical and radiological findings were almost normal and the sputum smear for acid-fast bacili was negative.
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PMID:[Tuberculosis or sarcoidosis]. 2020 70

Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species are mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and M. leprae. NTM are generally free-living organisms that are ubiquitous in the environment. Pulmonary disease, especially in older persons with and without underlying lung disease, is caused primarily by M. avium complex (MAC) and M. kansasii. The symptoms and signs of MAC lung disease are variable and not specific, but include cough, malaise, weakness, dyspnoea, chest discomfort and occasionally hemoptoe. Two major clinical presentations include disease in those with underlying lung disease, primarily white, middle-aged or elderly men - often alcoholics and/or smokers with underlying chronic obstructive lung disease, patients in whom MAC develops in areas of prior bronchiectasis, and patients with cystic fibrosis; and those without known underlying lung disease, including non-smoking women over age 50 who have interstitial patterns on chest radiography. M. kansasii infections are endemic in cities with infected tap water. Symptoms of the M. kansasii lung disease resemble to tuberculosis. M. abszessus is the most pathogenic rapid growing Mycobacterium which causes pulmonary infection. The American Thoracic Society and Infectious Disease Society of America's diagnostic criteria for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections include both imaging studies consistent with pulmonary disease and recurrent isolation of mycobacteria from sputum or isolated from at least one bronchial wash in a symptomatic patient. For treatment of MAC lung disease we recommend depending on severity and susceptibility testing a three to four drug treatment with a macrolide, rifampicin and ethambutol and for M. kansasii a treatment with Isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol. Surgical management only plays a role in rare and special cases. Treatment should be continued until sputum cultures are consecutively negative for at least one year.
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PMID:[Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections of the lung]. 2172 59

A 75-year-female with a history of Isoniazid (INH) therapy for latent tuberculosis, was admitted with a 4-week duration of dyspnea, cough, and pleuritic chest pain. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics for a diagnosis of pneumonia. Her stay was complicated by development of recurrent, exudative eosinophilic pleural effusions (EPEs). When symptoms continued to worsen and she developed joint pain and anasarca and did not respond to the antibiotics, a rheumatologic work-up was performed. She was found to have positive anti-double stranded-DNA antibodies and anti-histone antibodies; thus, a diagnosis of drug-induced lupus, secondary to INH, was made. INH was discontinued, and the patient was started on prednisone; within weeks her symptoms resolved. This case illustrates a unique side effect of INH that caused exudative EPEs and drug-induced lupus with positive anti-dsDNA.
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PMID:Isoniazid (INH)-induced eosinophilic exudative pleural effusion and lupus erythematosus. A clinical reminder of drug side effects. 2203 99

Background. Tuberculosis is a major public health problem, and its control has been facing a lot of challenges with emergence of HIV. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant strain has also propounded the problem especially in children where diagnosis is difficult to make. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is in vitro resistant to isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R). Paediatric multi-drug resistant tuberculosis with HIV coinfection is rare, and there is no documented report from Nigeria. Objective. To report a case of paediatric MDR-TB in Nigeria about it. Methods. The case note of the patient was retrieved, and relevant data were extracted and summarized. Results. A 9-year-old female HIV-positive pupil with a year history of recurrent cough, 3 months history of recurrent fever, and generalized weight loss was diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis but failed after retreatment. She was later diagnosed with MDR-TB and is presently on DOT-Plus regimen. Conclusion. Paediatric MDR-TB with HIV co-infection is rare. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent spread of the disease. The use of Isoniazid preventive therapy is recommended for children who come in contact with patients with active tuberculosis and also for HIV patients without active tuberculosis.
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PMID:Paediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis with HIV Coinfection: A Case Report. 2342 97

Esophageal tuberculosis is rare, constituting about 0.3% of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. It presents commonly with dysphagia, cough, chest pain in addition to fever and weight loss. Complications may include hemorrhage from the lesion, development of arterioesophageal fistula, esophagocutaneous fistula or tracheoesophageal fistula. There are very few reports of esophageal tuberculosis presenting with hematemesis due to ulceration. We report a patient with hematemesis that was due to the erosion of tuberculous subcarinal lymph nodes into the esophagus. A 15-year-old boy presented with hemetemesis as his only complaint. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed an eccentric ulcerative lesion involving 50% of circumference of the esophagus. Biopsy showed caseating epitheloid granulomas with lymphocytic infiltrates suggestive of tuberculosis. Computerised tomography of the thorax revealed thickening of the mid-esophagus with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in the subcarinal region compressing the esophagus along with moderate right sided pleural effusion. Patient was treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy (Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol) for 6 mo. Repeat EGD showed scarring and mucosal tags with complete resolution of the esophageal ulcer.
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PMID:Esophageal tuberculosis presenting with hematemesis. 2425 51