Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen patients of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who failed to respond to 8 weeks of corticosteroid therapy formed the material for this study. There were 10 males and 5 females, age ranging from 4 to 56 years. Three patients had hypertension. Histological lesions were focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 8; membranous glomerulonephritis in 3; mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in 2 and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 2 patients. Proteinuria ranged from 3.64 to 8.66 g/1.73 m2/day. Serum albumin ranged between 2.2 to 3.3 g/dl. Serum creatinine was elevated > 1.5 mg/dl in 3 cases. After discontinuing steroids, enalapril was started in a dose of 2.5 mg/day and increased by 2.5 mg/day every 3-4 days till the maximum tolerated dose but not exceeding 20 mg/day. Proteinuria, serum albumin and serum creatinine estimations were done every 4 weeks for six months and every three months thereafter. Patients were followed up for 6 to 30 months. Proteinuria decreased to < 1.5 g/1.73 m2/day in 12 patients (80%) and to < 0.5 g/1.73 m2/day in 10 patients (66.7%) by 8 weeks. There was no significant decrease in proteinuria in 3 (20%) patients; two of these were cases of FSGS and one of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Oedema, hypoalbuminaemia and hypercholesterolaemia returned to normal in all patients who had a decrease in the proteinuria. There was no correlation between the histological lesion and response to enalapril. There was no rise in the serum creatinine level above the baseline in any of the patients. Except for cough in one patient, no other significant side effects were observed. We conclude that enalapril is effective in reducing proteinuria and thereby the morbidity in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome irrespective of the underlying pathology.
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PMID:Efficacy of enalapril in the treatment of steroid resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. 1099 84

Common in four continents, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important but neglected disease. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of developing VL in people from leishmaniasis-endemic areas, with worse prognosis when there is coinfection. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of HIV/VL coinfection in patients admitted in three referral hospitals for HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Pernambuco, Brazil, and to compare epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics among HIV/VL coinfected and HIV mono-infected individuals. The sample consisted of HIV patients aged 18 years or more, in a period of data collection of 6 months. We performed four Leishmania tests-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct agglutination test, rK39, and latex agglutination test-and individuals with at least one positive test were considered coinfected. The HIV/VL coinfection prevalence we found was 16.9%. We observed large variation in prevalence according to the Leishmania test used, with low coincidence of positive tests. The most frequent symptoms found were weight loss (75.6%), fever (67.6%), and cough (55.3%). When we compared HIV/VL coinfected and HIV mono-infected groups we did not observe statistically significant differences. Low educational level (P = 0.004) and pallor (P = 0.009) were more frequent in the coinfected group. Serum albumin level was higher in coinfected individuals (P = 0.009). It is important to follow-up these individuals to understand the dynamics of VL in people living with HIV. New tests are necessary, ideally differentiating active from latent infection. Testing for VL in people with HIV is important and should be considered as part of the initial investigation in these individuals.
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PMID:Visceral Leishmaniasis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients in Pernambuco, Brazil. 3032 8