Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors represent a major advance in the treatment of: hypertension, and generally speaking, in cardiovascular prevention; myocardial infarction; cardiac failure. They have a cardio and vascular protective action by tending to correct hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and remodelling, endothelial dysfunction, arterial smooth muscle proliferation and thrombotic phenomena. However, besides the cough that this therapeutic class engenders, a major question remains unanswered: is there resistance to this family of drugs? In other words, does left ventricular remodelling and arterial smooth muscle proliferation continue with regular treatment at the prescribed dosages? The synthesis of angiotensin II does not only depend on the angiotensin converting enzyme but also on the quality of angiotensin I and the presence of other enzymes such as chymase. A secondary increase of angiotensin II with ACE inhibitor therapy may reflect insufficient blockade of the renin-angiotensin system or a synthesis of angiotensin II by an alternative pathway to the converting enzyme. In vivo measurement of ACE inhibition shows that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system is automatically limited due to the very accurate regulation of angiotensin II concentrations.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2001 Sep
PMID:[Resistance to ACE inhibitors. Myth or reality?]. 1160 63

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains a life threatening complication in immuno-compromised and especially in neutropenic patients. We report our experience in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of IPA in 8 patients with acute leukemia. All patients were neutropenic (PNN < 100/mm3, mean duration = 37 days) when IPA was diagnosed. Clinical signs included fever above 39 degrees and cough in all cases, chest pain in 4 cases, hemoptysis in 3 cases, rales in 5 cases. Chest x ray showed one lesion in 4 cases and multiple lesions in 4 cases. The diagnosis of IPA was established by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 5 cases, tissue biopsy in one case, positive sputum in one case and it was highly probable in one case. Thoracic computed tomographic (CT) scans were preformed after diagnosis confirmation of IPA and showed one or multiple lesions with air crescent signs. Serological tests were positive in 4 cases late in the course of IPA. All patients were treated with i.v. Amphotericin B. Outcome was favorable in 5 cases and three patients died by massive hemoptysis (in two cases) and systemic aspergillosis (in one case). Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to improve IPA prognosis.
Rev Mal Respir 2001 Dec
PMID:[Invasive aspergillosis in the leukemic patient]. 1192 79

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare, diffuse infiltrative lung disease of unknown etiology characterized by accumulation of abnormal lung surfactant in the alveoli and distal airways. Although it was first described in 1958, few large scale studies have been published. The diagnosis is conventionally based on lung biopsy and the value of less invasive procedures such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) remains controversial. A multi-center retrospective study was conducted in an attempt to update epidemiological, clinical and long term outcome and to assess the usefulness of chest CT scan and BAL in the management of a large homogeneous series of 41 patients. Inclusion criteria required a clinical picture compatible with PAP and either histological confirmation, or a BAL with a milky macroscopic appearance coupled with positive staining to PAS. Mean age was 48.8 years with a 4: 1 male predominance. The prevalence of smokers (80%) and occupational exposure to various inhaled dusts (39%) was high. The clinical, roentgenographic and functional features were in keeping with previous series. Worsening dyspnea was the most common symptom. Other common manifestations were dry cough, recurrent lung infections, weight loss, finger clubbing, crackles and cyanosis. LDH serum levels were increased in 51% of cases. Lung function tests usually showed a mild restrictive ventilatory defect with hypoxemia and reduced DLCO. Chest X ray revealed bilateral ground glass opacities with consolidation or air bronchogram involving peri-hilar or lower lobes. Chest CT scan, performed in 38 patients, revealed a similar pattern in most of them with diffuse intra-alveolar ground glass opacities (33/38) and interlobular thickening (35/38), resulting in a crazy paving appearance in the typical geographic pattern (32/38). This latter aspect was highly suggestive of the diagnosis. Segmental BAL led to a definitive diagnosis in 62% and lung biopsy was only required in 38% of cases. These data suggest that careful BAL analysis can be sufficient to provide a diagnosis without the need for a lung biopsy. During follow-up, spontaneous remission or improvement was reported in 26%. Segmental (n=3) or whole lung lavage (n=22) was required in 62.5% with a favorable course (complete remission 37%, improvement 34%, stable course 21%) in 92% of the cases. In this series the overall prognosis for PAP remained good, although unpredictable.
Rev Mal Respir 2002 Apr
PMID:[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]. 1252 3

There are 8 cement works in Morocco employing 3 600 people and producing 8 million tons annually. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and to propose some preventive measures. The study involved a group of workers of whom 280 were exposed to cement dust (who were further subdivided into three categories according to the intensity of exposure) and 73 who were not. It included a medical history with a standardised questionnaire, a clinical examination and spirometry. 65% of those exposed had clinical symptoms as opposed to 34.2% of the non-exposed. Cough, expectoration rhinitis, chronic bronchitis and asthma were significantly more common with incidences of 56.1%, 52.5%, 49.3%, 29.3% and 14.3% respectively in the exposed against 19.2%, 24.6%, 26%, 9.6% and 6.8% in the non-exposed. Among the exposed the prevalence of chronic bronchitis increased significantly with the degree of exposure, from 11.4% in category 1 to 41.6% in category 3. Age did not seem to influence the development of chronic bronchitis but on the other hand a smoking history of more than 10 years did. Exposure is responsible for the development of respiratory problems because among non smokers the exposed (55.6% are more symptomatic than the non-exposed (13.3%). Tobacco smoking potentiates the effects of occupational airborne contamination because exposed smokers (73.6%) and ex-smokers (67.8%) have more respiratory problems than exposed non-smokers (55.6%). The incidence of abnormalities of respiratory function is significantly higher in the exposed than in the non-exposed (32.5% against 13.7%). Among the exposed workers presenting disorders of ventilatory function 72.5% have no more than a disorder of the small airways or a slight deficit. Among the exposed the prevalence of impaired respiratory function is greater in smokers and ex-smokers (47.9% than in non-smokers (10.4%). Tobacco smoking augments the impairment of respiratory function. Prevention depends therefore on a programme of technical (collective and individual) and medical protection of the workforce.
Rev Mal Respir 2002 Apr
PMID:[Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory disorders among a group of cement workers in Morocco]. 1204 Mar 18

Chronic cough is defined as persistence of the symptom for longer than one month. It is a common reason for consultation. A systematic diagnostic approach based on the history, clinical examination and a number of investigations (chest x-ray, lung function tests, oesophageal pH monitoring and sinus x-rays) reveals the cause in most cases. The main aetiologies are post-nasal drip, gastro-oesophageal reflex, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Nevertheless, in some cases, the cause is not found. In this situation it is necessary to search for less common pathologies where cough is just a symptom of systemic disease, such as connective tissue disorder (Sjogren's syndrome, atrophic polychondritis), vasculitis (Wegener's granulomatosis), Horton's syndrome (cluster headaches), amyloidosis and inflammatory bowel disease. It may also be a matter of local pathology of the tracheo-bronchial tree, such as tracheo-bronchomegaly, tracheopathia osteoplastica, rare or unrecognized infections (whooping cough, post-viral cough, bronchial tuberculosis), reactive bronchial dysfunction, eosinophilic bronchitis or radiologically occult bronchial carcinoma. Il is also necessary to consider vocal cord dysfunction and cough due to medication before accepting a diagnosis of psychogenic cough.
Rev Mal Respir 2002 Apr
PMID:[Unrecognized causes of chronic cough]. 1204 Mar 21

The effects of ageing on the macroscopic appearance of the lung were recognized by Laennec, Andral suggesting that dyspnoea might be its clinical manifestation. At about the same time physiologists demonstrated the negative effects of ageing on the vital capacity, whereas anatomists defined its impact on the lung and thoracic cage structure. The prevalence of dyspnoea increases with ageing but co-morbid disease should always be sought. The prevalence of cough is strongly associated with active and passive smoking. With regard to physical signs, barrel chest and crepitations heard over the dependent lung zones do not necessarily have pathological significance. The usefulness of measuring the forced expiratory time remains to be established in the elderly. There is no characteristic radiological feature of a senile lung. If an X-ray abnormality is discovered during a routine examination, it should be regarded as pathological, but in most cases its detection will not alter management of the patient.
Rev Mal Respir 2002 Sep
PMID:[Clinical and radiological aspects of ageing of the respiratory tract]. 1241 64

Historically, unpleasant odors have been considered warning signs or indicators of potential risks to human health but not necessarily direct triggers of health effects. However, citizen complaints to public health agencies suggest that odors may not simply serve as a warning of potential risks but that odor sensations themselves may cause health symptoms. Mal-odors emitted from large animal production facilities and wastewater treatment plants, for example, elicit complaints of eye, nose, and throat irritation, headache, nausea, diarrhea, hoarseness, sore throat, cough, chest tightness, nasal congestion, palpitations, shortness of breath, stress, drowsiness, and alterations in mood. There are at least three mechanisms by which ambient odors may produce health symptoms. First, symptoms can be induced by exposure to odorants (compounds with odor properties) at levels that also cause irritation or other toxicological effects. That is, irritation--rather than the odor--is the cause of the health symptoms, and odor (the sensation) simply serves as an exposure marker. Second, health symptoms from odorants at non-irritant concentrations can be due to innate (genetically coded) or learned aversions. Third, symptoms may be due to a co-pollutant (such as endotoxin) that is part of an odorant mixture. Objective biomarkers of health symptoms must be obtained, however, to determine if health complaints constitute health effects. One industry that is receiving much attention, worldwide, related to this subject is concentrated animal production agriculture. Sustainability of this industry will likely necessitate the development of new technologies to mitigate odorous aerial emissions. Examples of such "environmentally superior technologies" (EST) developed under the initiative sponsored through agreements between the Attorney General of North Carolina and Smithfield Foods and Premium Standard Farms are described.
 ...
PMID:Science of odor as a potential health issue. 1564 42

The effects of ageing on the macroscopic appearance of the lung were recognized by Laennec, Andral suggesting that dyspnoea might be its clinical manifestation. At about the same time physiologists demonstrated the negative effects of ageing on the vital capacity, whereas anatomists defined its impact on the lung and thoracic cage structure. The prevalence of dyspnoea increases with ageing but co-morbid disease should always be sought. The prevalence of cough is strongly associated with active and passive smoking. With regard to physical signs, barrel chest and crepitations heard over the dependent lung zones do not necessarily have pathological significance. The usefulness of measuring the forced expiratory time remains to be established in the elderly. There is no characteristic radiological feature of a senile lung. If an X-ray abnormality is discovered during a routine examination, it should be regarded as pathological, but in most cases its detection will not alter management of the patient.
Rev Mal Respir 2004 Nov
PMID:[Clinical and radiological aspects of ageing of the respiratory tract]. 1580 36

Paragonimiasis is a food borne zoonosis due to a trematode belonging to the genus Paragonimus. Although present throughout the world, about 90% of the cases occur in Asia where around 20 million people are infected. The parasitic cycle is complex with two different intermediate hosts. Man is infected by ingesting the raw or undercooked flesh of the second host - a freshwater crab or prawn - or possibly of a paratenic mammal host (wild boar), which contains the infective larval stage metacercariae that reaches the lung which is the main target organ. Epidemiological, pathological, and clinical aspects are reviewed. The main symptoms are protracted cough, and recurrent "benign" hemoptysis. Abnormal pleuro-pulmonary imaging features are constant, but protean and non-specific, leading to frequent confusion with tuberculosis. Diagnosis is easily achieved by ova search in the sputum or pleural fluid, or by serology. Evolution is usually considered benign, although not well known. Finally, praziquantel is the effective first choice treatment. Some paradoxical aspects of this disease are underlined such as: underdiagnosis despite a very simple diagnostic procedure, or opposite tendencies according to location, either extinction or re-emergence.
Med Mal Infect 2005 Oct
PMID:[Pleuro-pulmonary paragonimiasis]. 1625 59

The incidence of tertiary syphilis has declined in recent years owing to the early recognition of the disease and use of antibiotics. As a result, syphilitic aortic aneurysms are rarely encountered nowadays. We report the case of a 65 years old man, who was admitted to our hospital in June 2004 for dyspnea, cough and chest discomfort. On physical examination, blood pressure was 130/80 mmHg with no significant laterality, pulse rate was 70 per minute and there was a decrease of breath sounds over the right lung. Laboratory findings revealed a slight elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Serological studies for syphilis showed a positive venereal disease laboratory test (VDRL) at 1/32 and a positive Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (TPHA) at 1/2560. The chest radiography showed a right para cardiac opacity measuring 16 x 12 cm. Fiber optic bronchoscopy showed an extrinsic compression of the right upper lobar bronchus. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and 16 multidetector-row spiral computed aortography showed a huge partially thrombosed saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta measuring 132 mm in diameter. The circulating lumen measured 53 mm in its largest diameter. This aneurysm involved the innominate artery. There was no other arterial involvement. The patient was given a three week course of intravenous penicillin followed by a successful surgical procedure in September 2004 with ascending aortic replacement and innominate artery reimplantation. This case illustrates well a formerly common, but now extremely rare disease.
J Mal Vasc 2006 May
PMID:[Syphilitic aortic aneurysm. A case report]. 1673 42


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