Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of influenza virus type B infection occurred in Philadelphia from December, 1985, to April, 1986. During this epidemic 24 patients were admitted to Children's Hospital from whom influenza B was isolated from routine respiratory viral cultures. All were younger than 3 years of age. Clinical findings included fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) (88%), rhinorrhea (62.6%), cough (50%), otitis (50%), rhonchi (42%), vomiting (38%), diarrhea (33%), rales (21%), pharyngitis (13%) and croup (4%). Remarkably 75% of the patients had underlying diseases which may have contributed to the severity of the infection. Nine (41%) patients had pneumonia. Two patients died of respiratory failure caused by overwhelming influenza B virus infection. Patients admitted to the hospital with respiratory and underlying diseases should have viral respiratory cultures which include influenza B.
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PMID:Children hospitalized with influenza B infection. 361 69

This was a study of 50 patients, aged 3 months to 10 years. There were 27 males and 23 females. Symptoms varied from respiratory complaints to rash, headaches, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Twenty-seven patients had runny nose, 15 wheezing, 19 frequent infections, 10 coughing, 10 ear infections, 9 rash, 6 gastrointestinal symptoms, and 6 with headaches. Laboratory evaluation showed that 16 patients had elevated IgE. Forty-six patients had IgE RAST evaluation. Of these, only 17 had positive IgE RAST for foods including corn, egg, wheat, and milk. In contrast, 32 of 46 patients had positive IgG RAST for foods including corn, egg, wheat, and milk. Elimination diet of IgE RAST-positive and IgG RAST-positive foods caused a 70% reduction of symptoms. Although the data suggest that IgG antibodies may be helpful, further studies are warranted.
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PMID:Clinical studies of food allergy in infants and children. 368 67

Patients with acute laryngitis following an upper respiratory tract infection are often treated with antibiotics for their voice complaints, although, to our knowledge, the effect of such therapy has not been examined. In the present study, comprising 100 adults with laryngitis, the rate of resolution of vocal symptoms, as estimated from voice recordings or subjectively by the patients, was the same in patients who received penicillin V (pcV) as in those who received placebo. Similarly, the degree of rhinorrhea/nasal congestion and cough was not significantly influenced by pcV treatment. At the acute visit, nasopharyngeal cultures revealed Branhamella catarrhalis in 50%, Hemophilus influenzae in 15% and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1% of the patients; the rate of elimination of these bacteria was the same in the pcV as in the placebo group. Thus, while suggesting that B catarrhalis and H influenzae are important for the pathogenesis of the disorder, our results do not provide support for the use of pcV in acute laryngitis.
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PMID:Inefficacy of penicillin V in acute laryngitis in adults. Evaluation from results of double-blind study. 391 95

To investigate the mechanisms involved in increasing bronchial reactivity, we made a model of airway reactivity increase in dogs after Type C influenza virus infection. Five beagle dogs were inoculated intranasally with the virus, and the time courses of changes in the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer and the bronchial reactivity were determined. To assess bronchial reactivity the dogs were anesthetized, and dose-response curves of pulmonary resistance were obtained against increasing concentrations of acetylcholine aerosol. The dogs infected with the virus showed mild symptoms of rhinorrhea and cough. The HI antibody titer was significantly increased in all dogs, with peak values at 1 to 3 wk after infection. The bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine began to increase towards Day 3, reached a peak at 1 to 2 wk, and returned to a normal level at 4 wk. The airway reactivity to acetylcholine at 2 wk after infection was increased by 2.3 to 6.5 times the normal value in terms of the acetylcholine provocative concentration. The mean increase was significant at 1 wk (p less than 0.05), 2 wk (p less than 0.01), and 3 wk (p less than 0.05). Although both the HI antibody titer and the airway responsiveness increased together towards 1 to 2 wk, no close relationship between these factors was observed thereafter. The present dog model of airway hyperreactivity may be useful for further investigation of the mechanism governing increase in bronchial reactivity with respiratory viral infection in normal subjects as well as in patients with asthma.
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PMID:Changes in bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine with type C influenza virus infection in dogs. 395 45

The prophylactic activity of intranasal human interferon-alpha 2 (HuIFN-alpha 2) was determined in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Healthy, working adults self-administered sprays of HuIFN-alpha 2(1.25 X 10(6) IU; n = 142) or placebo (n = 145) twice daily. Drug administration was stopped after 12 days because of the frequent occurrence of nasal irritation manifested by blood-tinged nasal mucus (44% HuIFN-alpha 2 versus 15% placebo, P less than 0.001) and associated nasal mucosal abnormalities. Over 80% of volunteers had participated in a similar field trial conducted 7 months earlier; no evidence of cumulative toxicity was detected. HuIFN-alpha 2 administration did not decrease the occurrence of illnesses associated with rhinorrhea, cough, or feverishness as compared to placebo, but the number of laboratory-documented respiratory viral infections was small (6 HuIFN-alpha 3 placebo). Intranasal HuIFN-alpha 2 1.25 X 10(6) IU twice daily was associated with significant local intolerance.
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PMID:Prophylactic efficacy and tolerance of low-dose intranasal interferon-alpha 2 in natural respiratory viral infections. 401 79

Ptychodiscus brevis, which causes Florida red tide, produces Ptychodiscus brevis toxin (PBTX) known to contain neurotoxins and to induce rhinorrhea, tearing, and cough in normal humans and wheezing in asthmatic subjects. It was previously reported (J Allergy Clin Immunol 69:418, 1982; 73:824, 1984) that PBTX causes canine tracheal smooth muscle contraction via stimulation of sodium channels in the axons of parasympathetic postganglionic nerves and the release of acetylcholine from these nerve endings. This was postulated to be an asthma-triggering mechanism. In this article the toxins were evaluated to determine if they also stimulate sodium channels on adrenergic nerve endings and release norepinephrine. Rat vas deferens was selected as the experimental tissue. Both PBTX and norepinephrine contracted rat vas deferens. Prazosin 10(-6) mol/L blocked the response to PBTX (3 micrograms/ml) (88.3% to 27.3% contraction [n = 6; p less than 0.001]) and the response to norepinephrine (EC50 was shifted from 1.67 X 10(-6) mol/L to 1.25 X 10(-4) mol/L in the presence of prazosin 10(-6) mol/L [n = 6; p less than 0.001]). Phentolamine 10(-6) mol/L also blocked both PBTX and norepinephrine. Tetrodotoxin 10(-7) mol/L, a sodium channel blocker, completely blocked the response to PBTX but not to norepinephrine. The response to PBTX was significantly reduced from 1.53 gm of tension in controls to 0.29 gm of tension (n = 6; p = 0.002) in tissues obtained from rats pretreated with reserpine (2 mg/kg per day for 2 days, injected intraperitoneally). Verapamil 10(-5) mol/L blocked the PBTX response, and PBTX caused no contraction in calcium-free media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The mechanism of Ptychodiscus brevis toxin-induced rat vas deferens contraction. 404 Jan 40

Enteric types of adenovirus have recently been identified as a causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis. We utilized enzyme immunoassay and tissue culture techniques to evaluate prospectively the role of ET Ad in diarrhea occurring in hospitalized infants. We found that ET Ad was associated with 14 of 27 cases of diarrhea occurring during a 12-week study period in the late autumn and early winter months; ET Ad was found in the stool of only one of 72 children without diarrhea (P less than 0.001). Although adenoviruses other than ET Ad were found in the stools of two of the 27 children with diarrhea, such viruses were also found in the stools of five of 72 children without diarrhea and thus could not be statistically correlated with acute gastroenteritis. Children infected with ET Ad had diarrhea for a mean of 8.0 days, compared to a mean duration of 4.2 days for the children with gastroenteritis not associated with ET Ad. Thirteen of the 14 children with ET Ad gastroenteritis had respiratory symptoms such as cough, rhinorrhea, or wheezing, six had roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia, and three children had bilateral conjunctivitis. This study documents that ET Ad can be an important cause of acute gastrointestinal disease in hospitalized infants and young children and that gastrointestinal infections with ET Ad can be associated with a high rate of respiratory disease.
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PMID:Gastroenteritis associated with enteric type adenovirus in hospitalized infants. 628 53

Infant rats infected with influenza A virus, Sendai (parainfluenza 1) virus or rat coronavirus were used to determine whether viral infection increases the intensity of nasal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB). Intranasal inoculation of HIB in rats previously infected with each of these viruses resulted in nasal HIB titers at least 100-fold higher than those for controls during the first 2 wk after HIB inoculation, and as much as 10,000-fold higher during the first week. Children with cough, sneezing, or rhinorrhea could be effective disseminators of HIB if they were as heavily and persistently colonized as these virus-infected animals.
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PMID:Viral enhancement of nasal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae type b in the infant rat. 630 51

A laboratory-housed breeding colony of white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) experienced an epizootic of upper respiratory tract disease characterized by lethargy, anorexia, coughing, and serous rhinorrhea. Signs were more severe in adults than in offspring, and all animals recovered without complications. Base-line, acute, and convalescent sera from the most severely affected gibbons were tested for antibodies against a wide spectrum of infectious agents. For personnel known to have had contact with the gibbons, testing for the same agents was done on base-line sera and sera obtained at the same time as the acute and convalescent sera were obtained from the gibbons. Rising titers against parainfluenza-3 virus were detected in 6 of 7 gibbons tested. An increase in titer was not seen in the sera of personnel.
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PMID:Epizootic of parainfluenza-3 virus infection in gibbons. 631 55

Despite evidence that children who attend group day-care centers have an increased frequency of infectious illnesses, appropriate criteria for exclusion of ill children from day-care centers have not been defined. Of the 89 licensed day-care centers in the New Haven area, 53 (60%) returned an anonymous questionnaire about their practices in managing ill children. Most of the centers (median size--38) included only children aged 3 to 5 years. The percentage of centers that excluded children with specific signs or symptoms varied from 100% for fever to 30% for either cough or runny nose. Although all of the day-care centers excluded children with fever, the minimum temperature defined as fever varied substantially (median--99.1 degrees F). Most centers (62%) relied on the parents' discretion for allowing an ill child to return to the center.
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PMID:Exclusion of ill children from day-care centers. Policy and practice in New Haven, Connecticut. 649 49


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