Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reported two cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) who developed acute exacerbation after bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). One case was a 67-year-old male who presented with dry cough and exertional dyspnea. He was diagnosed as IIP and transbronchial lung biopsy revealed alveolitis. BAL was performed after administration of prednisolone. He complained of severe dyspnea after BAL and was diagnosed as having an acute exacerbation of IIP. In spite of extensive treatment including pulse therapy with methylprednisolone, he died. The other case was a 57-year-old male noted to have a chest X-ray abnormality who presented with dry cough and dyspnea on exertion. He was diagnosed as having IIP and primary lung cancer. BAL was performed to evaluate the activity of IIP, and respiratory distress subsequently became severe. After BAL, he developed an acute exacerbation of IIP and died in spite of treatment. In both cases, peripheral white blood cell counts were increased just before BAL. It was suggested that this condition might participate in acute exacerbation of IIP. It should be kept in mind that some patients with IIP may develop acute exacerbation after BAL.
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PMID:[Two cases of IIP which developed acute exacerbation after bronchoalveolar lavage]. 816 6

The cough response following inhalation challenge with the sensory nerve irritant resiniferatoxin was compared with that of capsaicin and citric acid in guinea-pig and man. Capsaicin and citric acid gave comparable dose-response curves in the two species. The mean (+/- SEM) concentration producing five coughs in man was 141.3 (1.3) mM (n = 10) for citric acid and 2.8 (1.3) microM (n = 10) for capsaicin. Those for the guinea-pig were 74.1 (1.2) mM (n = 10) for citric acid and 6.0 (2.4) microM (n = 10) for capsaicin. Resiniferatoxin was active at a lower concentration than either citric acid or capsaicin and maximal tolerable cough response was achieved at concentrations of 3 microM (n = 5) in guinea-pig and 300 nM (n = 1) in man. The cough response to resiniferatoxin was greatly prolonged in both guinea-pig and man. Resiniferatoxin, like capsaicin, caused respiratory distress in the guinea-pig which is linked to bronchoconstriction. Resiniferatoxin probably causes cough by stimulation of capsaicin sensitive neurones.
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PMID:A comparative study of the effects of citric acid, capsaicin and resiniferatoxin on the cough challenge in guinea-pig and man. 821 71

Nine children (6 boys, 3 girls) were diagnosed with a primary endobronchial or pulmonary parenchymal neoplasm. The average age at diagnosis was 9 years. Presenting complaints included cough (7), fever (5), pulmonary infection (3), respiratory distress (3), weight loss (2), pain (2), and hemoptysis (1). Pulmonary x-rays showed persistent atelectasis, pneumonic infiltrates or mass lesions. A computed tomography scan was performed in 8. Five of six endobronchial tumors were diagnosed with bronchoscopy and biopsy. Treatment consisted of thoracotomy and pulmonary resection in 7 cases and laser resection in 2. The pathologic diagnoses were bronchial carcinoid (3), bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1), inflammatory pseudotumor (plasma cell granuloma) of the bronchus (2) and of the lung parenchyma (1), fibrosarcoma (1), and rhabdomyosarcoma (1). Postoperative chemotherapy was given only to the patient with pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma; this child died. One child has developed a local recurrence while 7 children are alive and free of disease at an average of 2.4 years postresection. Pulmonary neoplasms are unusual in the pediatric age group and represent a wide spectrum of pathology. Including the present series, 383 tumors have been described. Seventy-six percent were malignant. Early investigation and surgical intervention are essential in children with persistent pulmonary symptoms or x-ray abnormalities. In most cases, the prognosis is excellent with complete surgical resection; however, malignancies other than bronchial adenoma are associated with significantly mortality.
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PMID:Childhood primary pulmonary neoplasms. 830 77

An outbreak of infectious influenza was recognized in Menofeia governorate in October 1989. Eight naturally influenza infected as well as 8 healthy control horses, mules and donkeys were selected for collection of blood and sera separation to estimate four lysosomal enzymatic activities and to describe the clinical findings, which were fever, congested nasal, conjunctival membranes and cough. Bronchopneumonia followed later with bilateral purulent nasal discharge as a complication in 2 donkeys. Thereafter laboured breathing occurred. Therefore a therapeutic penicillin-streptomycin dose was injected to safeguard against the secondary bacterial invasion. All lysosomal enzyme levels in serum of diseased equines were subjected to consistent regression except N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase -beta-NAG) that behaved very highly significant activity, probably due to the acid pH resulting from bronchopneumonia and respiratory acidosis which override the inhibitory action of the antibiotics. Influenza virus may inhibit the synthesis of the pulmonary surfactant in alveolar and bronchial epithelium, thereafter, the animals suffered from respiratory distress and bronchospasm with resultant decreased acid phosphatase (ACP) value which was histochemically located in both sites. The disappearance of alpha- and beta-galactosidases (alpha-GAL & beta-GAL) from the serum of diseased animals can be attributed to the antibiotic dose.
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PMID:Characterization of serum lysosomal enzymatic activities. III. Effect of infectious influenza in Egyptian equines. 838 24

Signs of respiratory distress including coughing, choking, and gagging are not uncommon during oral feedings in patients with severe dysphagia. Aspiration pneumonia and chronic lung disease are recognized complications. Pulse oximetry, respiratory inductance plethysmography, and nasal airflow measurement by thermistors are accurate noninvasive methods of monitoring cardiopulmonary adaptation during oral feedings in patients with severe dysphagia. We report significant, previously unrecognized, acquired hypoxemia during oral feedings in two patients with severe cerebral palsy and one with multiple sclerosis. The episodes of hypoxemia occurred only while swallowing specific food textures. Periods of hypoxemia most probably resulted from aspiration during oral feedings. Cardiopulmonary adaptation may prove to be an important consideration in decisions regarding the method and advisability of continued oral feedings in patients with severe dysphagia.
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PMID:Hypoxemia during oral feedings in adults with dysphagia and severe neurological disabilities. 843 21

Spontaneous hemorrhage of a parathyroid adenoma is a rare occurrence which may manifest with a variety of symptoms including cervical pain, hoarseness, respiratory distress, and dysphagia. We report a case of an elderly woman with a parathyroid adenoma diagnosed 10 years ago and for which she had refused surgery. Throughout this period her hypercalcemia was carefully monitored, and she experienced no symptoms or adverse sequelae from her disease. However, the patient subsequently presented with a 1 day history of a sore throat and a nonproductive cough followed by the acute onset of dysphagia. At this time she was found to have an anterior neck hematoma extending to the midthorax. Computerized tomography and direct laryngoscopy were suggestive of the diagnosis and neck exploration confirmed the presence of a large hematoma beginning at the site of the 3 x 4 cm parathyroid adenoma and extending into the left strap musculature. We report this case of spontaneous hemorrhage of a cervical parathyroid adenoma to bring to mind a rare etiology of acute pharyngoesophageal dysphagia.
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PMID:Acute pharyngoesophageal dysphagia secondary to spontaneous hemorrhage of a parathyroid adenoma. 843 23

From 1977 to 1992, 23 patients with primary tumors of the trachea were reviewed. Nineteen of these patients had squamous cell carcinomas, 2 had adenoid cystic carcinomas, 1 had a small cell carcinoma, 1 had a poorly differentiated carcinoma, and 1 had a pleomorphic adenoma. The prognosis of squamous cell, small cell and poorly differentiated carcinomas appeared to be grave, especially in association with vocal cord palsy (26%). Short-term survival occurred in 7 to 9 patients with tumors in the upper-middle third of trachea and 4 of them had concurrent acute respiratory distress. Cough (65.2%), dyspnea (91.3%), and hemoptysis (47.8%) were the most common symptoms. For patients with hoarseness, dysphagia, and cervical lymphadenopathy, the prognosis was poor (p < 0.0010). Two patients (8.7%) had multiple malignancies and all died within 1 year. Smoking was not only a risk factor as reported in previous studies, but also a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.0020) in our series. Emergent irradiation ( < 40 Gy in our cases) was useful in alleviating acute respiratory distress, but worthwhile survival was only obtained by the combination of surgery and radiation therapy (p = 0.0200, compared with surgery or irradiation, respectively). There was a significant correlation between prognosis and histologic type, tumor location, clinical presentation, smoking history and management, but not roentography or tumor size. These factors can be used to assess the survival of patients with primary tracheal tumors.
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PMID:Descriptive study of prognostic factors influencing survival of patients with primary tracheal tumors. 852 32

Three cases of primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma in adults are presented. The patients were all men between the ages of 57 and 78 yr (mean 67.5). All patients presented with symptoms referable to their tumors, including cough, shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and weight loss. In one patient, a history of tobacco and alcohol abuse was obtained. Anatomically, two tumors were located in the left upper lobe and one in the left lower lobe. Grossly, the tumors ranged in size from 6 to 11.5 cm and were tan-gray, firm masses with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. Histologically, the tumors were characterized by a spindle cell proliferation admixed with areas showing a pleomorphic cell population with numerous rhabdomyoblasts and areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. Immunohistochemically, all three tumors showed strong positivity with desmin and myoglobin antibodies and negative staining with antibodies against keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and S-100 protein. All patients had a fatal outcome. Two patients died a few days after admission with respiratory distress; the third one died 2 years after diagnosis with widely metastatic disease. Autopsy findings in all cases disclosed disseminated metastases to multiple abdominal and thoracic organs. Primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated pulmonary neoplasms in adults and should be distinguished from other primary and metastatic sarcomas.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcomas: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of three cases. 853 1

The medical records of five dogs diagnosed with infectious pericardial effusion were reviewed. Clinical signs included anorexia, depression, respiratory distress, abdominal distension, collapse, coughing, and vomiting. Anemia and leukocytosis were present in three dogs. Grass awn migration was confirmed as the cause of the pericardial effusion in two dogs and suspected in the other three. Surgery, followed by continuous chest drainage, and appropriate antibiotic therapy was the treatment in four dogs. Chest drains were removed within 4 days of surgery. One dog did not have chest drainage after surgery. Antibiotic treatment was continued for up to 6 months. The dogs were monitored postsurgically for a period ranging from 3 to 24 months. All dogs recovered well without apparent complications.
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PMID:Infectious pericardial effusion in five dogs. 858 48

A previously healthy 19-year-old male was exposed to concentrated hexite smoke (ZnCl2) for several minutes during military training. The initial symptoms (vomiting, cough, dyspnea) disappeared after a few hours. After 48 hours the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation for 8 days. He left hospital 10 days after extubation. Spirometry at this time revealed a restrictive defect (vital capacity 50% predicted). Four months after the accident the patient had returned to work without symptoms of respiratory insufficiency. Lung function tests had normalized with the exception of a slight reduction in carbon monoxide diffusion. This case illustrates the typical course of inhalative intoxication with hexite. It underlines the importance of prolonged clinical surveillance in view of the latency between the initial symptoms of hexite intoxication and possible later development of ARDS.
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PMID:[ARDS caused by military zinc fumes exposure]. 870 Dec 38


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