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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The involvement of the pulmonary vessels by tumour emboli may lead to a clinical picture defined as 'subacute cor pulmonale'. Information about this syndrome has been limited to case reports and a few series. A study of 214 autopsied cancer patients was undertaken to investigate the clinical signs and symptoms of tumour involvement of the pulmonary vessels (TIPV). The lungs were removed as a block and 15 sections (3 from each lobe) were analyzed. Clinical data about right ventricular failure, dyspnoea, cough, pleuritic chest pain, cyanosis, engorgement of jugular veins, peripheral oedema, haemoptysis and haemoptoic sputum were obtained from the medical records of each patient. Tumour emboli were detected in 89 cases, and no respiratory symptoms were recorded in 39. The presence of dyspnoea and cyanosis were highly significant in the group with TIVP, and right ventricular failure and peripheral oedema showed slight significant differences between the patients with and without TIPV. The classical picture of subacute cor pulmonale was observed in 13 patients and TIPV was considered to be the main cause of death in 29 cases. Our results indicate that although the development of subacute cor pulmonale was rare in patients with cancer, TIPV may be suspected when the patient presents respiratory distress and should be included in the differential diagnosis of dyspnoea in cancer patients.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of tumour involvement of the pulmonary vessels. 141 97

Four cases of respiratory distress and apnea associated with an elongated uvula are presented. In all cases, the uvula was found to intermittently fall onto the epiglottis and vocal cords. In all four patients, resection of the uvula led to resolution of all airway symptoms. It is hypothesized that the uvula, touching the vocal cords, caused intermittent laryngospasm and subsequent symptoms of cough, airway obstruction, and cyanosis. The anatomic reasons for such phenomenon are discussed.
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PMID:Apnea and the elongated uvula. 142 98

This case illustrates an unusual cause of respiratory distress in the pediatric population. A high degree of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis of plastic bronchitis. Wheezing and cough will lead to the diagnosis of reactive airway disease and/or foreign body aspiration. Chest radiographs may yield additional information, but the diagnosis is made by bronchoscopy and removal of the casts. Any child with severe respiratory distress refractory to aggressive conventional medical therapy and with a history or radiograph suggestive of plastic bronchitis should be considered a candidate for bronchoscopy. As clinicians, we must always remember the dictum, "All that wheezes is not asthma."
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PMID:Plastic bronchitis: an unusual cause of respiratory distress in children. 145 41

Combustion toxicology is complex so, although victims exposed to combustion products are mainly treated symptomatically, it is important to identify those situations when specific therapeutic measures might be of importance. Victims presenting respiratory symptoms including severe cough, bronchoconstriction, hypoxia and respiratory distress should be given oxygen and ventilatory assistance or support. Furthermore, bronchoconstriction should be treated with bronchodilators (beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists, theophylline). Corticosteroids should be considered both for inhalation and systemically due to the risk of developing toxic pulmonary oedema that may appear after a symptom-free interval that might last up to 48-72 h. Victims with impaired consciousness should be regarded as being exposed to carbon monoxide and cyanides. Apart from oxygen and optimal symptomatic treatment hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered in carbon monoxide poisoning. Certain cyanide antidotes, namely those with low intrinsic toxicity (as sodium thiosulphate, hydroxocobalamin) should be given liberally in these situations. Other specific therapeutic measures that might be considered when appropriate are administration of organophosphate antidotes (atropine, oximes), heavy metal chelators (e.g. dimercaptopropane sulfonate, dimercaptosuccinic acid) and methemoglobinemia antidotes (methylthionine, toluidine blue). Inhalation of hot fumes may cause upper respiratory tract oedema (e.g. laryngeal oedema) necessitating orotracheal intubation and ventilatory support.
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PMID:Hospital treatment of victims exposed to combustion products. 147 Nov 83

Croup is a common childhood disease that has no specific diagnostic test. It must be differentiated from life-threatening diseases, such as epiglottitis, that demand specific interventions. A high degree of toxicity, the presence of dysphagia and the absence of cough help distinguish epiglottitis from croup. The usefulness and safety of visualization of the epiglottis in patients with croup are controversial. Clinical recognition of respiratory distress and failure is vital. Hypoxia is common. Pulse oximetry is helpful in the assessment of hypoxia, but readings do not correlate with clinical status or respiratory failure. Although studies have not proved that mist therapy is beneficial, the efficacy of racemic epinephrine is well documented. High dose corticosteroids have proved effective in the treatment of croup. Outpatient use of racemic epinephrine and steroids remains controversial.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of croup. 151 65

Three young children with Down syndrome developed fever, cough, wheezing, irritability, and tachypnea. They had bilateral infiltrates on their chest radiographs and developed respiratory distress, which required their hospitalization. Laboratory studies suggested that the children had mycoplasma pneumonia. These children may have experienced severe mycoplasma infections early in life because of their Down syndrome-associated immune abnormalities. When young children with Down syndrome develop pneumonia, physicians should consider Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the possible etiologic agent.
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PMID:Severe mycoplasma pneumonia in young children with Down syndrome. 153 77

A 62-year old farmer woman from the northeastern, very rainy part of Turkey has been collecting large amounts of green and brown involucral hazel-nut leaves for subsequent use as fuel. For the last 20 years she had been complaining of cough, respiratory distress and intermittent fever. In the course of years of continual antigen exposure she developed the clinical and x-ray signs of fibrosis of the lung. Bronchoalveolar lavage produced the typical cell pattern of chronic exogenous allergic alveolitis with predominant CD8 cells. Serum analysis yielded high titres of IgG antibodies against mould fungi partly obtained from hazel-nut husk cultures, as well as thermophilic actinomycetes.
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PMID:[Exogenous allergic alveolitis caused by mouldy hazel nut leaves]. 154 60

Ten children had massive hiatal hernias repaired between January 1982 and February 1991. Their clinical presentation, association with other congenital abnormalities, and postoperative complications were different from those seen in adults. Vomiting (n = 7) and anaemia (n = 7) were the most common symptoms, followed by respiratory distress (n = 5), cough (n = 3), and regurgitation (n = 3). Abdominal pain was uncommon. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in seven cases by barium meal examination. The most common operation was Nissen's fundoplication (n = 7); the hiatus alone was repaired in the remainder. Five patients developed postoperative complications and two died probably as a result of delay in diagnosis and associated malformations.
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PMID:Massive hiatal hernia in children. 168 33

An eleven month old girl was admitted to a county hospital because of persistent low grade fever, cough, vomitus and food and oral fluids rejection. A small radiopaque, button sized, round object was seen impacted in the upper esophageal third on X ray examination and later extracted by endoscopy, corresponding to an electric cell, from a father's handwatch, which had been ingested by the baby without knowledge of parents about 30 h before. After 12 h fasting, oral feedings were resumed being apparently well tolerated, but in the following day fever and respiratory distress reappeared, together with drooling, cianosis, abdominal distention and pale skin. Patient was transferred to a regional hospital where extensive bilateral pneumonia and anemia were documented. Gastric drainage via nasogastric tube, antibiotic treatment, blood transfusion and oxygen therapy were given from admission, but she died within a few hours. At necropsy a 3 per 2.5 cm diameter orifice of sharp borders was seen in the upper third of the esophagus, communicating to tracheal lumen through its upper six cartilages. Extensive, severe, bilateral pneumonia was confirmed. When this kind of electric cells become impacted into the esophagus, wall necrosis may occur within 4 h and perforation within 8 to 12 h and can be prevented by immediate endoscopic extraction. Otherwise fistulae should be suspected and patients managed accordingly. Emergency room medical staff must always be aware of this potentially lethal condition and its proper management. Infants should not be permitted to play with such apparently innocent objects as battery operated handwatches.
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PMID:[Tracheoesophageal fistula secondary to ingestion of a button battery]. 184 45

A previously healthy boy presented with cough and diffuse pulmonary interstitial infiltrates. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage in the absence of a demonstrable infectious etiologic agent. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in immediate improvement but was followed by respiratory distress and death from invasive aspergillosis and Pseudomonas cepacia sepsis.
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PMID:Fatal pulmonary aspergillosis presenting as acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a previously healthy child. 188 95


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