Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cross-sectional study on tobacco smoking prevalence and related socio-psychological parameters in Moscow school students aged 10-17 was performed. Data from an anonymous self-report (n = 4802) on smoking prevalence was confirmed by special technique--expert assessment. Widespread smoking was found: among male 5th graders (the youngest group) 14.4% are smokers (those who smoked at least 1 cigarette over the past 3 months); among male 10th graders (oldest group) 53.2% smoke; among females these figures were 0.8% for the youngest students and 28.2% for the oldest ones. A significant difference in awareness of smoking health hazards and attitudes towards the habit was shown among school students with various smoking statuses. Complaints about cough and shortness of breath after light physical stress were significantly more prevalent in regular smokers as compared to non-smokers. The possible causal role of some psychological factors in early formation of smoking habit is discussed.
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PMID:Tobacco smoking in Moscow school students. 142 8

Thirty-eight workers from a factory producing nickel-cadmium and other types of batteries came to us for medical evaluation. They included 21 women and 17 men (seniority 2-20 years, age range 31-63 years), and represented a self-selected subset of 700-900 ever-employed and 200+ recently or currently employed workers in the factory. Thirty-four worked on the nickel-cadmium assembly line. Symptoms and signs included: headache in 34; weakness, fatigue and lassitude in 26; dizziness in 16; pruritus and skin eruptions in 37; gingivitis, teeth loss and caries in 34; nasal congestion, nosebleeds and anosmia in 30; cough, phlegm production, wheezing and shortness of breath in 26; "asthma" in 14; bone pain in 18; urinary frequency, beta 2 microglobulinuria and kidney stones in 17; and sterility or multiple abortions (33) in 8 of 21 women. One additional patient had died from an "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like syndrome", while CT scans in six workers revealed brain atrophy. One other worker had leukemia, and two had died from cancer (lung and pancreas). Those who had worked for more than 10 years had more symptoms and signs than shorter-term employees, especially neurological illness, bone pain and urinary tract problems, including beta 2 microglobulinuria. Past blood and urinary cadmium levels were in the range of 1.6-8.7 micrograms/dl and 8-306 micrograms/l, respectively. Our findings indicated that: a) health risks for workers were not confined to the nickel-cadmium assembly line or to older workers, b) hazardous exposures still existed and illness appeared in new workers after a clean-up and intervention program, and c) exposures involved increased risks for renal disease and cancers. Finally, there is a need to control exposures and determine health risks in the full cohort of those ever employed, in the workers' children, and in the surrounding environment (air, ground, water) due to the dumping of waste from the plant.
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PMID:Medical findings in nickel-cadmium battery workers. 142 13

Between April 1982 and August 1985, seven cases of mushroom worker's lung (MWL), a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, were diagnosed among workers at one mushroom farm in Florida. The cases suffered from episodic shortness of breath, cough, fever and chills, myalgia, malaise, and difficulty breathing. Pulmonary function testing revealed restrictive ventilatory impairment and reduced diffusing capacity; chest radiographs exhibited diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrates. The seven cases occurred among workers from different farm operations, suggesting that workers throughout the farm were exposed to the disease causing agent(s). Six of the affected workers left employment at the farm in order to remain free of symptoms. The other affected worker was able to continue working at the farm, but only by remaining in a maintenance shop which was physically separated from the rest of the farm facilities. An industrial hygiene survey demonstrated that farm workers from every work area were exposed to organic dust constituents suspected of causing MWL, but no specific antigens were identified as the cause of the cases. Of the remaining workers who participated in a cross-sectional respiratory morbidity survey at the farm, approximately 20% of the more heavily exposed workers reported occasionally experiencing symptoms consistent with MWL. Approximately 10% of the workers had below normal spirometry test results, but interpretation was hampered by the diverse racial makeup of the population and lack of an adequate comparison group. No abnormalities consistent with either acute or chronic MWL were seen on the chest radiographs. Serologic tests demonstrated that almost all workers had been exposed to antigens capable of causing MWL, but the results were not associated with health status. At the time of the cross-sectional survey, no workers were found to be suffering acute respiratory problems consistent with MWL.
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PMID:Outbreak of hypersensitivity pneumonitis among mushroom farm workers. 146 31

We encountered a rare case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL). The patient was a 53-year-old male, who developed dry cough and shortness of breath when using a humidifier since 1982. He was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation in 1987. Chest X-ray films showed BHL and ground glass appearance in the bilateral lung fields. Pulmonary function test indicated disturbance of diffusing capacity. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed interstitial pneumonitis, and lymph node biopsy by mediastinoscopy showed lymphoid sinus histiocytosis without noncaseating granuloma. Provocation test using the humidifier was positive, and the diagnosis of humidifier lung with BHL was made.
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PMID:[A case of humidifier lung associated with BHL]. 150 91

The effects of home environment characteristics were evaluated in a multistage, stratified, cluster sample (N = 3,866) of the general population who lived in the district of Pisa (middle Italy). Each subject completed a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire that contained questions about respiratory symptoms/diseases and risk factors (e.g., type of heating, fuels used for cooking and heating). Cough and asthma were significantly more frequent in men who did not smoke and who did not use natural gas for cooking and heating. Attacks of shortness of breath accompanied by wheeze, dyspnea, and cardiovascular conditions in female nonsmokers were associated with use of a stove or forced-air circulation for heating; the type of fuel used did not affect this result. Multiple logistic models, which accounted for independent effects of age, smoking status, pack-years, childhood respiratory illness, education, zone of residence, and work exposure to dusts, chemicals, or fumes, showed significantly increased odds ratios for (a) cough and phlegm in males (associated with bottled gas for cooking), (b) wheeze and shortness of breath with wheeze in females (associated with the use of a stove or forced-air circulation). These results, which confirm our previous observations in an unpolluted rural area of north Italy, indicate that characteristics of the home environment, as assessed by questionnaire, may be linked to mild adverse health effects, i.e., respiratory symptoms, in the general population. The results also identify the need to better characterize the dose-response relationship in indoor air pollution monitoring studies that include subsamples of this population.
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PMID:Effects of the home environment on respiratory symptoms of a general population sample in middle Italy. 154 6

Toxoplasma pneumonia is being recognized with increased frequency, especially in patients with AIDS. We reviewed the English-, French-, and Spanish-language literature from January 1966 through February 1991 to identify cases of postnatally acquired pneumonia associated with Toxoplasma gondii. We identified two distinct clinical syndromes, one in immunocompetent patients and one in patients with defects in cell-mediated immunity. Shortness of breath and cough were the most common symptoms and fever and rales the most common signs in both groups of patients. Lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly were reported more frequently for immunocompetent patients. Chest roentgenographs usually revealed bilateral interstitial infiltrates, but a variety of other roentgenographic findings were reported. Serological findings were suggestive of active toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent but not in immunosuppressed patients. In early reports, identification of T. gondii as the etiologic agent of pneumonia was based on serology or autopsy findings. In more recent reports, open lung biopsy and especially bronchoalveolar lavage were used for diagnosis. Mortality among patients with toxoplasma pneumonia was 55%. However, in cases of T. gondii pneumonia diagnosed during life, mortality was 0 for immunocompetent patients and 40% for immunosuppressed patients. In immunosuppressed patients, improvement was associated with specific antitoxoplasma drug therapy. Unfortunately, relapses were common. We also reviewed data on series of patients with disseminated toxoplasmosis manifested predominantly in extrapulmonary sites and found that 33% of these patients had evidence of subclinical pulmonary involvement even though pneumonia had not been diagnosed clinically.
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PMID:Pulmonary toxoplasmosis: a review. 157 81

Upper respiratory and pulmonary complications of cocaine addiction have been increasingly reported in recent years, with most of the patients being intravenous addicts, users of freebase, or smokers of "crack." The toxicity of cocaine is complex and is exerted via multiple central and peripheral pathways. Recurrent snorting of cocaine may result in ischemia, necrosis, and infections of the nasal mucosa, sinuses, and adjacent structures. Pulmonary complications of cocaine toxicity include pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhages, pulmonary barotrauma, foreign body granulomas, cocaine related pulmonary infection, obliterative bronchiolitis, asthma, and persistent gas-exchange abnormalities. Respiratory manifestations are nonspecific and include shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, hemoptysis, and chest pains. Severe respiratory difficulties have been reported in neonates of abusing mothers. In the absence of a cocaine-abuse history, it may be difficult to recognize the etiological role of cocaine, especially in the absence of needle tracks pointing to previous intravenous drug abuse and/or negative toxicology.
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PMID:Respiratory complications of cocaine abuse. 158 7

Adenocarcinomas of or in lung that clinically and pathologically mimic diffuse pleural mesotheliomas are rare. We reviewed selected clinical and pathologic features of 15 autopsy/surgical cases previously reported in the medical literature and of 15 additional cases from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). Ninety percent of the patients were men. The median age was 61 years. Sixty-three percent of the patients smoked, 17% of them had possible or definite occupational exposure to asbestos, and one patient had microscopically proven asbestosis. Most patients had chest pain, shortness of breath, or cough, and had unilateral pleural effusion in the chest x-ray. At thoracotomy or at autopsy, numerous nodules, plaques, or a continuous rind of tumor was present over the pleural surface. Microscopically, the tumors showed simplified glands, nests, cords, papillary, tubulopapillary or biphasic patterns of growth. The neoplasms contained mucin that stained with diastase-predigested periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), mucicarmine, and alcian blue (with or without hyaluronidase predigestion). All patients died with/of tumor, with a mean survival of 4.7 months for those reported in the medical literature and of 7 months for those in the AFIP files. These adenocarcinomas therefore mimic pleural mesothelioma not only in their clinical and gross and microscopic appearance, but also in their prognosis.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma: a reappraisal. 160 54

Twenty-two subjects complaining of cough, chest tightness and/or shortness of breath with normal chest radiograph and normal pulmonary function test results were challenged with methacoline. Venous histamine levels were measured before and just after methacoline challenge. For comparison, a single blood sample was obtained from 10 normal subjects. Blood histamine levels were significantly higher in subjects with respiratory symptoms regardless of methacoline challenge being positive or negative (p less than 0.001). After methacoline challenge, blood histamine increased significantly in methacoline challenge positive group (p less than 0.05). Thereafter, terfenadine, a H1 antagonist, 120 mg/day were given to patients for one month. After terfenadine therapy, there was a subjective improvement of symptoms, methacoline provocation dose (PD20) increased and there was no significant change in blood histamine level. It is concluded that nonspecific challenge increases blood histamine levels and blood histamine levels seems to be a sensitive index of bronchial hyperreactivity in subjects with respiratory symptoms of unknown origin and that terfenadine is effective in the treatment of bronchial hyperreactivity.
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PMID:Venous blood histamine levels and effect of terfenadine in patients with bronchial hyperreactivity. 161 16

Tc-99m DTPA aerosol is often swallowed during inhalation for lung ventilation scans. The authors evaluated a 16-year-old girl with a known history of mixed collagen disorder (positive lupus anticoagulants) for symptoms of cough and acute shortness of breath. Tc-99m DTPA accumulated in the distal esophagus during aerosol inhalation and remained there at the end of the perfusion study, a period of approximately 1 hour. This serendipitous observation antedates clinical signs and symptoms of dysphagia.
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PMID:Esophageal dysmotility as a serendipitous observation on ventilation-perfusion imaging of the lungs. 161 36


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