Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Air pollution produces adverse health effects. The consequences of lifelong daily exposures to atmospheric pollutants upon the respiratory apparatus of healthy children are of considerable clinical importance. We investigated the association between exposure to a highly polluted urban environment with a complex mixture of air pollutants-ozone and particulate matter the predominant ones-and chest x-ray abnormalities in 59 healthy Mexican children who are lifelong residents of Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC), with a negative history of tobacco exposure and respiratory illnesses. Their clinical results and x-ray findings were compared to those of 19 Mexican control children, residents of a low-pollution area, with a similar negative history of tobacco exposure and respiratory illnesses. Ozone concentrations in SWMMC exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O(3): 0.08 ppm as 1-h maximal concentration, not to be exceeded more than 4 times a year, on 71% of days in 1986 and 95% in 1997, with values as high as 0.48 ppm. Ozone maximal peaks are usually recorded between 2 and 5 pm coinciding with children's outdoor physical activities. Children in the control group reported no upper or lower respiratory symptomatology. Every SWMMC child complained of upper and/or lower respiratory symptoms, including epistaxis, nasal dryness and crusting, cough, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. Children aged 7-13 yr had the most symptomatology, while 5- to 6-year olds and adolescents with the lowest number of statistically significant outdoor exposure hours had less respiratory symptoms. Bilateral symmetric mild lung hyperinflation was significantly associated with exposure to the SWMMC atmosphere (p = .0004). Chronic and sustained inhalation of a complex mixture of air pollutants, including ozone and particulate matter (PM), is associated with lung hyperinflation, suggestive of small airway disease, in a population of clinically healthy children and adolescents. Small airways are a target of air pollutants in SWMMC children, with ozone and PM being most likely responsible, based on experimental animal, controlled-chamber, and epidemiological data available. Our main concern is the potential likelihood for the development of chronic lung disease in this highly exposed population.
 ...
PMID:Exposure to air pollution is associated with lung hyperinflation in healthy children and adolescents in Southwest Mexico City: a pilot study. 1088 Jan 43

It is widely accepted that preoperative evaluation of women with stress urinary incontinence should include an assessment of urethrovesical mobility. In the last few decades a variety of methods have been used to this purpose: the so-called Q-tip test, radiologic techniques and ultrasonic studies. Transvaginal and perineal ultrasonography allows the assessment of bladder neck and urethral axis mobility at rest, during cough, Valsalva maneuvre and pelvic floor contraction. The technique is simple, not invasive and without discomfort for the patients. Aim of this study is to assess the reproducibility of an ultrasonic technique that allows the measurement of bladder neck mobility (alpha-angle variation) and the angle of the mobile proximal tract of urethra (beta-angle). A total of 58 women were included: 23 with stress incontinence and 35 continent and asymptomatic controls. The technique allows reproducible measurement of alpha and beta angles. In stress incontinent group bladder neck mobility is significantly larger while urethral angle (beta-angle) is significantly smaller and is lowered by straining.
 ...
PMID:[Ultrasonographic assessment of urethrovesical mobility in women]. 1122 Oct 67

We examined the effect of tetracaine aerosol inhalation, a local anesthetic, on lung volume decrements, rapid shallow breathing, and subjective symptoms of breathing discomfort induced by the acute inhalation of 0.30 ppm ozone for 65 min in 22 ozone-sensitive healthy human subjects. After 50 min of ozone inhalation FEV(1) was reduced 24%, breathing frequency was increased 40%, tidal volume was decreased 31%, and total subjective symptom score was increased (71.2, compared with 3.8 for filtered air exposure). Inhalation of tetracaine aerosol resulted in marked reductions in ozone-induced subjective symptoms of throat tickle and/or irritation (92.1%), cough (78.5%), shortness of breath (72.5%), and pain on deep inspiration (69.4%). In contrast, inhalation of tetracaine aerosol (mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.52 microm with a geometric standard deviation of 1.92) resulted in only minor and inconsistent rectification of FEV(1) decrements (5.0%) and breathing frequency (-3.8%) that was not significantly different from that produced by saline aerosol alone (FEV(1), 5.1% and breathing frequency, -2.7%). Our data are consistent with afferent endings located within the large conducting airways of the tracheobronchial tree being primarily responsible for ozone-induced subjective symptoms and provides strong evidence that ozone-induced inhibition of maximal inspiratory effort is not dependent on conscious sensations of inspiratory discomfort.
 ...
PMID:Differential effects of airway anesthesia on ozone-induced pulmonary responses in human subjects. 1131 47

Six normal, healthy horses age 3-10 years underwent left and right thoracoscopic examination using a rigid telescope. A minimum of 30 days was allowed between procedures. Horses were restrained in stocks and sedated with a continuous detomidine infusion. After surgical preparation of the hemithorax elected for surgery, and administration of local or regional anaesthesia of the surgery sites, thoracoscopy was completed during two 15 min pneumothorax periods. During the procedures, the thoracic structures were viewed using a 57 cm, 10 mm diameter, 30 degrees rigid telescope connected to a digital camcorder to allow computer capture of digital images. The telescope was inserted into the thoracic cavity via 3 different intercostal spaces. The 8th, 10th and 12th intercostal spaces were randomly selected and used among horses. The exploration of each hemithorax started from the dorsal-caudal quadrant continued toward the cranial thorax and was completed by observing the diaphragmatic and caudal pulmonary region. Collapsed lung, aorta, oesophagus and diaphragm were viewed readily in either hemithorax. On exploration of the right hemithorax, the azygos vein, thoracic duct and pulmonary veins were also identified. Horses tolerated thoracoscopy well. Signs of discomfort, such as increased respiratory rate, coughing and decreased level of sedation, were associated with lung collapse in one horse, with pneumothorax on 2 occasions, and when the thorax was approached through the 8th intercostal space. Surgery performed via the 8th intercostal space was hindered by the rigidity of the 8th and 9th ribs, and by the presence of a greater musculature, which did not allow easy cranial and caudal movements of the telescope.
 ...
PMID:Equine thoracoscopy: normal anatomy and surgical technique. 1135 43

We conducted a questionnaire survey on the onset time and frequency of asthmatic symptoms in adults with bronchial asthma who were regular clinic attendees in 17 sites in Chiba Prefecture, and analyzed 513 respondents. As a result, the frequency of wheezing was 54.6%, the highest of all symptoms. Feeling of chest discomfort was 32.2%, followed by asthma attack (13.8%), cough (8.7%) and dynpnea (6.8%). Asthmatic symptoms were highest from midnight to early morning, with the peak at around 4 o'clock am. The same pattern was seen regardless of the severity and types of asthma. This survey also showed that conventional anti-asthmatic therapies decreased the frequency of nightly asthmatic symptoms from the baseline: 7 times or more per week reduced from 44.9% to 16.1%, 3 times or more per week from 76.8% to 40.4%, and at least once per week from 94.4% to 71.5%. The results suggest that it is important to take another therapeutic strategy, which can administer medications at the appropriate time according to the circadian rhythms in asthmatic patients to better control asthma.
 ...
PMID:[Chronotherapy of bronchial asthma: circadian rhythms in asthmatic symptoms. Report I: Survey on chronobiology acrophase of asthmatic symptoms]. 1151 15

Comparative analysis among 357 inhabitants, who live in two areas: noisy (above 70 dB /A/) and moderate (below 57 dB /A/) showed significant differences between the groups in many variables under consideration. This differences, after eliminating socio-economic influences and behavior factors such as: gender, age, economical conditions, education or smoking confirmed existence of relation between living condition caused by motorization and life quality, well-being and self assessed health of inhabitants. Details showed, that urban intensive traffic noise disturbs realization of many important daily activities, evoke emotional tension, irritation, nervousness. In group of people from noisy areas more often are observed characteristic mental pressure caused by noise, throat and eyes irritation, disturbances in rest, speech, listen to music, sleep, and when going to sleep. Feeling of discomfort and annoyance dominates. More often there is a need to close or seal up the windows, use earplugs or take a sleeping pills. Relative risk of appearance of disturbances mentioned above or mental and emotional reactions in group of people who are exposed to high noise from 3 do 6 times bigger in comparison with people from quiet area. Apart from a decrease in the mental comfort and live quality, intensive traffic noise has a big influence on well-being and self assessed health status. The intensification of complaints and symptoms of neurotic character are observed in noisy areas. Most of these problems are connected with cardiovascular system (palpitation, constriction in chest, hot flush, tiredness after effort) and excessive nervous stimulation. Long lasting influence of noise is probably also a cause for a frequent nervousness, feeling of tiredness after night sleep and overstress, troubles with concentration or distinct reduction of well-being (feel unhappy and miserable, inability to cope with troubles, reduce ability to take of decisions). Additionally, the escalation of troubles probably connected with bigger air pollution (frequent dry cough, sneezing, nasal stuffing) is observed in areas of intensive traffic noise. Relative risk of appearance mentioned above unfavourably health symptoms in group of people from noisy areas is about 1.5 times higher than in areas below 57 dB /A/. Analyzed data did not confirm hypothesis on influence of traffic noise on increasing appearance of diseases confirmed by physician. In both areas noisy and quiet morbidity are similar. Also consumption of medicines was similar.
 ...
PMID:[The estimate of well-being and self-assessed health status in urban population in various acoustic areas]. 1155 1

Cough assessment is an important component in the clinical evaluation of patients with respiratory and cardiovascular disorders (asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, congestive heart failure, etc.). A dry bothersome cough is the most common adverse class effect of all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I). The present study was aimed to determine the feasibility of a new combined frequency/severity cough scoring method in patients with ACE-I induced cough before and after their modification with aspirin addition. The study was designed to compare two different regimens of active treatment: intermediate (500 mg) versus low (100 mg) dose aspirin in ACE-I cough suppression (self-matched control data) and comprised 21 patients (14 men, 7 women; mean age 62 +/- 11 years) on ACE-I treatment. ACE-I treatment was discontinued and the dry cough completely disappeared, but returned in all patients within one week (rechallenge period) after ACE-I reintroducing. Severity of cough was defined as follows: 0--no cough at all; 1--occasional hems; 2--mild, isolated cough, without additional symptoms; 3--moderate, paroxysmal cough, without additional symptoms; 4--severe, strenuous cough, accompanied by chest discomfort. In addition to cough severity score, cough frequency score (0-10) was obtained using a visual analog scale: 0 = I never cough; 10 = I cough all day. Low doses of aspirin were ineffective to suppress ACE-I induced cough. In contrast, intermediate doses completely abolished cough in 14 patients and reduced coughing in all but one patient. Cough severity and cough frequency scores decreased, respectively, from 2.6 +/- 1.1 to 0.7 +/- 1.0 (p<0.001) and from 6.9 +/- 2.2 to 2.1 +/- 2.4 (p<0.0001). Overall, the cough frequency score method alone could identify a beneficial modification of cough in 17 (81%) patients and cough severity score method alone in 17 (76%). Using the combined cough frequency/severity scoring, a beneficial modification of cough could be identified in 20 (95%) of patients. The new combined cough frequency/severity scoring is suitable for clinical practice and can improve the identification of dynamic cough modifications during treatment period as compared with the conventional frequency score method. It may have important implications in the evaluation of patients with respiratory and cardiovascular disorders.
 ...
PMID:The combined cough frequency/severity scoring: a new approach to cough evaluation in clinical settings. 1156 16

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neurophysiological treatment for patients with medically or surgically refractory epilepsy. Since the first human implant in 1989, more than 10 000 patients have been treated with VNS. Two randomized controlled studies have shown a statistically significant decrease in seizure frequency during a 12-week treatment period versus a baseline period when 'high stimulation' mode was compared with 'low stimulation' mode. The efficacy appears to increase over time. In general, one third of the patients show a >50% reduction of seizure frequency; one third show a 30-50% seizure reduction, and one third of patients show no response. Few patients become seizure-free. Side effects during stimulation are mainly voice alteration, coughing, throat paraesthesia and discomfort. When studied on a long-term basis, VNS is an efficacious, safe and cost-effective treatment not only in adults but also in children and the elderly. The precise mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In recent years much progress has been made through neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, neurochemical and cerebral blood flow studies in animals and patients treated with VNS. Further elucidation of the mechanism of action of VNS may increase its clinical efficacy and our general understanding of some physiopathological aspects of epilepsy. Finally, VNS may become an alternative treatment for other conditions such as depression and pain.
 ...
PMID:Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory epilepsy. 1170 Oct 2

Cases of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FEA) caused by buckwheat have been rare. Clinical, laboratory, and autopsy findings are present on an 8-year old girl with FEA caused by Japanese buckwheat. The patient consumed buckwheat noodles called "zaru soba" and immediately thereafter swam vigorously. Approximately 30 minutes later, she complained of abdominal pain, vomiting, coughing, and chest discomfort. Another ten minutes later her consciousness level deteriorated and she experienced cardiorespiratory arrest. The heart beat was restored and she was admitted to the hospital. She never regained consciousness and expired after another arrest 13 days later. Her IgE level was high (2,840 IU/ml) and the IgE-radioallergosorbent test (RAST) score was 2 for soybeans, 3 for buckwheat, 2 for rice, and 3 for wheat. An exaggerated hematemesis that occurred immediately after hospital admission indicated an inflammatory condition of the digestive tract that was caused by buckwheat. Marked ulceration accompanied with hemorrhage and necrosis was noted at the ileum. Extensive hemorrhage involving the endotracheal pulmonary field and lymphocyte infiltration of the alveolar space likely appeared after the inflammation. The analysis of buckwheat-specific IgE antibody by immunoblotting showed 7 bands that reacted with the IgE of the patient's serum, 4 bands: 16, 20, 24, and 58 kDa, were specific to the patient as compared to subjects not allergic to buckwheat. A first case of fatal FEA by buckwheat is reported with reference to specific IgE.
 ...
PMID:Fatal buckwheat dependent exercised-induced anaphylaxis. 1200 78

Quinine sulfate, which has been available for many years, has not been implicated definitively in the development of pulmonary toxicity. A variety of adverse effects, however, have been reported with quinine administration. A 45-year-old woman with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis experienced wheezing, severe anxiety, breathlessness, cough, orthopnea, mild fever, chills, and pleuritic chest discomfort after taking a single dose of quinine for nocturnal leg cramps. Radiographic imaging demonstrated diffuse, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates suggestive of pulmonary edema. No cause other than acute quinine ingestion could be identified despite thorough cardiac and infectious disease evaluations. Clinicians should be aware of a possible association between quinine sulfate and pulmonary toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Transient pulmonary infiltrates possibly induced by quinine sulfate. 1206 69


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>