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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Disseminated histoplasmosis was diagnosed by a computed tomographic (CT) directed needle biopsy of an adrenal mass. A 53-year-old man presented with a nonproductive cough, bilateral flank discomfort, and constitutional symptoms. Physical exam revealed mild hepatomegaly and tenderness. Chest radiograph revealed two destructive bone lesions. An abdominal CT scan demonstrated bilateral adrenal masses. Needle biopsy of the left adrenal mass revealed histoplasmosis. A rib resection or exploratory laparotomy was avoided. He has been completely free of evidence of disease for 6 months following completion of antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed by computed tomography directed needle biopsy of an adrenal mass. 399 31

Significant concentration responses were observed in FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75, SGaw, IC, and TLC in 20 healthy, nonsmoking volunteers exposed randomly to 0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 ppm O3. In addition, significant response changes for FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 were shown with time over the 2-h exposure. Intermittent, heavy exercise (VE, 68 L/min) lasting 14 min was employed every 30 min during exposure. Inspection of the concentration and time response curves suggests that the threshold for the group response is at or below 0.15 ppm O3. Six subjects experienced decreases greater than 5% in FEV1 or greater than 15% in SGaw at 0.15 ppm. This concentration is only slightly higher than the 1-h O3 National Ambient Air Quality Standard. A dose-related response was also seen for cough, nose and throat irritation, and chest discomfort. The work load, length of exposure, and individual sensitivity must be considered for establishing a safe O3 exposure level.
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PMID:Ozone response relationships in healthy nonsmokers. 401 70

In selective pulmonary angiography, a low osmolality contrast medium, ioxaglate, was compared with diatrizoate from the aspects of subjective discomfort and angiographic information. A cross-over analysis was done in 40 cases. The intensity of local heat sensation during and after the injection of ioxaglate was significantly lower than with diatrizoate. With ioxaglate, no cough was experienced even in patients with subtotal atelectasis or massive pleurisy. The quality of the arterial phase was essentially identical, with both media, while in the venous ioxaglate series the quality was significantly superior to that of diatrizoate.
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PMID:Ioxaglate versus diatrizoate in selective pulmonary angiography. I. Subjective reactions. 405 May 29

The physiological effects of diving with two types of closed-circuit oxygen breathing apparatus were investigated in 4 divers. In one apparatus the breathing bag was mounted on the dorsum and in the other on the chest, inducing -2 kPa and +1 to +2 kPa static lung load in the prone position, respectively. The back-mounted bag caused an unfavorable swimming position, with increased heart rate, breathing rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for work load. The greater internal and external work of breathing (the latter judged from the higher RPE for breathing resistance) probably contributed to a higher RPE for discomfort with the back-mounted bag. Three divers showed great reduction in vital capacity (VC) (0.8 to 1.9 liters) and developed coughing attacks after dives with this apparatus; these results were interpreted as possible indications of atelectasis formation. The 4th diver showed slight reduction in VC with both types of bag, possibly because the changes in static lung loads did not influence the airway closure in this man.
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PMID:Pulmonary atelectasis formation during diving with closed-circuit oxygen breathing apparatus. 407 42

One hundred patients undergoing routine fibreoptic bronchoscopy were randomly allocated to receive premedication with either intramuscular papaveretum or oral temazepam in a double-blind manner. They all received atropine before and oxygen during the procedure. Patients found the drugs equally acceptable in terms of discomfort, anxiety and the possibility of repeat bronchoscopy, but more had recall of the procedure with papaveretum. There was no difference in secretions, coughing, relaxation and consciousness, as assessed by the bronchoscopist, but patients who had received papaveretum were more cooperative. Arterial blood gases were performed before and 45 minutes after bronchoscopy. Those given papaveretum had a significant fall in mean arterial oxygen tension of 0.96 kPa, while there was no significant change in the temazepam group. There was also a small mean rise in arterial carbon dioxide tension in both groups, with the mean rise in the papaveretum group (0.625 kPa) being significantly higher than the temazepam group (0.2 kPa). Premedication with temazepam is a useful alternative to papaveretum and has the advantage of oral administration and causing less respiratory depression.
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PMID:A double-blind controlled study comparing temazepam with papaveretum as premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. 613 47

To find out whether morbidity in the first postoperative week is affected by type of anaesthetic technique, healthy patients who had caesarean sections under epidural anaesthesia were compared with those who were given a general anaesthetic. Epidural anaesthesia was associated with less pain (p less than 0.00001) and discomfort in the immediate postoperative period. By the second day fewer epidural patients had gastrointestinal stasis, pyrexia (p less than 0.05), and coughing (p less than 0.00001). Breastfeeding and mobilisation started earlier. Fewer mothers were coughing (p less than 0.005), had fever (p less than 0.01), or felt tired and depressed (p less than 0.005) by the sixth postoperative day after epidural caesarean section. The epidemiology of anaesthetic morbidity needs to be assessed in other surgical patients.
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PMID:Anaesthetic morbidity following caesarean section under epidural or general anaesthesia. 614 91

The effect on vital capacity of 1 h of oxygen breathing with and without continuous positive pressure was studied in five subjects during immersion. Vital capacity (VC) was used as an index of pulmonary atelectasis. The negative-pressure breathing induced by head-out immersion will cause airway closure and thus atelectasis if the closed-off regions contain oxygen. Without positive-pressure breathing, VC was reduced by 42%, and the subjects complained of tightness in the chest and had attacks of coughing. When 1.5 kPa positive pressure was used, three subjects had no decrease in VC, and in the remaining two subjects the decrease was halved. The latter two subjects were also studied during continuous positive-pressure oxygen breathing at 2.5 kPa. The decrease in VC was only one-fifth of the decrease in the control immersion condition without positive pressure (0 kPa), and they had no subjective feelings of discomfort. The results are relevant for the design of closed-circuit oxygen breathing apparatus.
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PMID:Positive-pressure oxygen breathing and pulmonary atelectasis during immersion. 634 27

Iohexol, a new non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium, was tested for digital intravenous angiography of the cervical and intracranial vessels. In a double blind study involving 40 adult patients, iohexol and meglumine-Na diatrizoate were compared for safety, patient tolerance, and radiographic image quality. Iohexol was shown to be safe and generally produced less patient discomfort, leading to a lower incidence of motion, swallowing or cough artifacts.
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PMID:Comparison of iohexol with meglumine-Na diatrizoate for intravenous digital subtraction angiography. 638 40

Coughs and colds are seldom associated with serious diseases or complications, but they frequently cause patient discomfort, prompting many telephone calls and visits to hospitals and physicians' offices. Parents often harbor misconceptions regarding the etiology, diagnosis, and management of these conditions, leading to inappropriate treatment and home "remedies." The pitfalls associated with treating coughs and colds can be minimized when the physician takes time to educate patients and parents. Education should be anticipatory, reassuring, and unrushed. Adequate communication requires practice and thought. Good techniques include asking open-ended, nonthreatening questions and avoiding the use of jargon. Parents must be asked about their understanding of and fears concerning coughs and colds. Education must include repetition, with feedback and rewards by someone who believes in the value of education and transfers this belief to patients and parents. Effective patient education in the treatment of coughs and colds may be achieved by adopting the above common-sense techniques.
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PMID:Coughs and colds. 649 95

4-Aminopyridine was administered in incremental IV doses to healthy horses to evaluate cardiorespiratory and behavioral effects. Doses of 100 micrograms/kg produced apparent sensory discomfort, manifested by wiggling or curling of the lips and tongue, arching or stretching the neck, snorting, squealing, and coughing. At cumulative dosages of 300 to 500 micrograms/kg, muscle tremors, a stilted gait, and signs of excitement occurred. Once signs of excitement occurred, additional administration of 4-aminopyridine resulted in prolonged excitement consisting of severe muscle tremors and exaggerated responses to external stimuli. Heavy sedation with xylazine provided nearly complete relief from these effects. 4-Aminopyridine could be a useful adjunct to treatment of botulism in horses; however, administration of doses in excess of 300 to 500 micrograms/kg may cause severe CNS excitatory effects.
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PMID:Behavioral and cardiorespiratory responses to 4-aminopyridine in healthy awake horses. 732 78


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