Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult subjects, without age or sex distinction, presenting a non-specific chronic laryngitis were treated with SOLACY. The posology of SOLACY administered was: 2 capsules in the morning and 2 at night for four months in a row. The subjects were seen at least twice: one consultation before the treatment and one after the 4 months of treatment. These consultations included an interview and fibroscopic test of the laryngeal mucosa (photographs were taken). The subjects were also requested to quantify the overall discomfort experienced. Ten subjects were recruited for this study. Dysphonia was significantly lower after the 4-month treatment as was the self-evaluation of the overall discomfort brought on by the different symptoms. In addition, it can be noted that SOLACY lessened coughing and laryngeal discomfort in most of the patients treated and it improved the fibroscopic test results, especially concerning the congestive aspect of the laryngeal mucosa, whether limited to vocal chords or spread throughout the entire vestibule. The treatment was tolerated perfectly well. In conclusion, SOLACY, administered in adults presenting non-specific chronic laryngitis improves the state of the laryngeal mucosa and its main symptoms (dysphonia, coughing, laryngeal discomfort).
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PMID:[Solacy and non-specific chronic laryngitis]. 263 59

In summary, HAPE is a potentially fatal form of noncardiogenic PE seen in a small number of individuals visiting above 9,000 ft in elevation. The pathophysiology is uncertain but is probably due, at least in part, to hydrostatic and capillary permeability abnormalities of the pulmonary vascular bed in response to hypobaric hypoxia. A subclinical form above 14,000 ft is common (15% to 23% incidence), but the incidence of HAPE itself is unclear. Possible risk factors include rapid ascent, strenuous activity on arrival, reascent to altitude by highlanders after a short stay lower, previous HAPE, cold, respiratory tract infections, sedation, youth, and the peripheral edema of AMS. Clinical presentation is similar to that of pneumonia: tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, cough, fever, and chest discomfort. Symptoms often worsen with sleep. WBC count is usually elevated, and arterial blood gases reveal a respiratory alkalosis and an alarmingly low hemoglobin saturation. Chest radiographs reveal bilateral patchy infiltrates. Radiographic findings are dissimilar to those from cardiogenic PE. Differential diagnosis includes pneumonia, PE and HAB. Treatment modalities include early descent, bed rest, oxygen therapy, and EPAP. Mortalities range from 4% to 27% depending on the rapidity of descent and evacuation.
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PMID:High-altitude pulmonary edema: a collective review. 266 Aug 18

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of high-dose topical and nebulized airway anesthesia in normal volunteers and in patients undergoing diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Lidocaine solution (4 percent) was used for gargling, for spraying the palate and oropharynx with an atomizer, and for nebulization with an air-powered nebulizer (mean total dose, 1,682 mg) and 2 percent lidocaine (Xylocaine) jelly for anesthetizing nasal passages. In six normal subjects and in eight patients, lidocaine blood levels were measured at baseline, after gargling, after spraying, after nebulization, and then at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min; 19 normal subjects and ten patients underwent the same anesthesia protocol but had no blood drawn. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 21 normal volunteers and in 18 patients and cultures obtained using the protected specimen brush. Additional endobronchial lidocaine (mean 256 mg) was given to the 18 patients after collecting the microbiology specimens. Peak lidocaine blood levels remained below 6 micrograms/ml in all cases. Cough and discomfort during bronchoscopic examination was absent or minimal in 17 of 21 normal subjects (80 percent) and in 14 of 18 patients (77 percent) and was severe in only one instance (5 percent). There were no related complications. Using only topical and nebulized anesthesia is safe and effective for performing fiberoptic bronchoscopy, especially when bacterial cultures are to be obtained and endobronchial instillation of lidocaine must be avoided.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of using high-dose topical and nebulized anesthesia to obtain endobronchial cultures. 291 78

When captopril was first introduced, it was used in high doses for severe hypertension, often in the presence of renal insufficiency, and side effects such as proteinuria, rash, neutropenia, and altered taste sensation were noted. Upon analysis, these effects were most commonly seen in patients with renal disease, autoimmune disease, or collagen vascular disease. These complications usually reversed rapidly upon discontinuation of treatment. In contrast, the growing use of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, captopril and enalapril, for treating mild to moderate hypertension and the trend toward the use of lower doses has shown these agents to be well tolerated with a low frequency of troublesome adverse effects. In fact, the original spectrum of adverse effects has virtually disappeared with the use of lower doses in patients with uncomplicated hypertension. In low doses, the converting enzyme inhibitors produce remarkably few incidences of symptomatic discomfort; the most common is skin rash, which often responds to dosage reduction. Cough and rare occurrences of angioedema have also been reported. Moreover, evidence is evolving that indicates that the converting enzyme inhibitors may sometimes decrease proteinuria and improve renal function; these effects may be especially important in diabetic hypertensive patients. Of note, these drugs can also attenuate the unwanted metabolic side effects of concurrent diuretic treatment.
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PMID:Safety issues during antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 306 5

Ozone is a principal component of photochemical air pollution endogenous to numerous metropolitan areas, which may induce irritant effects on the respiratory tract which impair pulmonary function, result in subjective symptoms of respiratory discomfort, including cough and shortness of breath, and can limit exercise performance. The effects of moderate ambient photochemical air pollution observed in a mobile laboratory have also been shown to be similar to those induced in laboratory chamber exposures to the same level of ozone alone. The metabolic demand of exercise increases minute ventilation (VE) and thus, the rate of ozone inhalation over that at rest. Potentially, exercise can also enhance the effects of ozone by: (a) reducing nasal passage absorption; (b) increasing the uniformity of ventilation throughout the lungs; and (c) replacing reacted ozone at a faster rate. However, results from 2-hour intermittent exercise and 1-hour continuous exercise exposures at the same total ventilation and ozone concentration have been shown to yield similar pulmonary function effects. It has been shown via significant variation in exercise intensity, and thus VE, that the simple product of ozone concentration, VE and exposure time (termed the ozone effective dose) predicts pulmonary function and exercise ventilatory pattern (induced rapid, shallow breathing) effects more precisely than ozone concentration alone. Better prediction of pulmonary function effects has been achieved via multiple regression analysis in which ozone concentration is given a greater weighting than VE and exposure time. Light intermittent exercise was first studied in 2-hour laboratory exposures to ozone at concentrations rarely seen in the ambient environment. In recent studies, heavy continuous exercise has been used in 1-hour exposures to ozone at levels routinely observed in photochemical episodes (less than or equal to 0.35 ppm). Statistically significant impairment of exercise performance has been observed at 0.18 ppm, a level reached for 1 hour, or more, on about 180 days per year in the Los Angeles basin. Responses of subpopulation groups, such as children, young adult females, older adults, and those with pre-existing pulmonary disease are not notably different from those of young adult males provided that the ozone effective dose is proportional to body size. Conversely, highly trained endurance athletes demonstrate significant responses at rather low ozone concentrations due to their ability to sustain very high VE over prolonged periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of ozone exposure at ambient air pollution episode levels on exercise performance. 332 57

A prospective study of 129 consecutive thoracocentesis in 86 patients at a university medical center evaluated the clinical value, complications, and patient experience with thoracocentesis. Pleural fluid analysis in conjunction with the clinical presentation placed 78 pleural fluids into diagnostic categories: definitive 14 (18 percent), presumptive 44 (56 percent), and nondiagnostic 20 (26 percent). Fourteen of 78 (18 percent) of the nondiagnostic fluids were useful, while only six (8 percent) were not useful clinically; therefore, 92 percent of thoracocentesis provided clinically useful information. Using sequential data analysis, initial diagnostic categorizations of eight of 78 patients were upgraded from presumptive or nondiagnostic to definitive based on data available 24 hours following thoracocentesis. Thus, 70 patients were categorized based on the pleural fluid data obtained within the first 24 hours of thoracocentesis. Thirty-four objective complications occurred in 26 of 129 (20 percent) thoracocentesis. The most common complications were pneumothorax, 15 of 129 (12 percent), and cough, 12 of 129 (9 percent). Sixty-five subjective complications occurred in 56 of 123 (46 percent) thoracocentesis. Anxiety, 26 of 123 (21 percent), and site pain, 24 of 123 (20 percent), were the most common subjective complications noted. Thirty technical problems occurred in 129 (23 percent) thoracocentesis with blood contamination, 14 of 129 (11 percent), and dry tap, nine of 129 (7 percent), being the most common. We conclude that diagnostic thoracocentesis is a clinically valuable procedure if used in conjunction with the patient presentation with an understanding of its limitations for providing a specific etiologic diagnosis. When performed by physicians in training, the number of complications are substantial and the operator often underestimates the degree of patient discomfort. Awareness of the clinical value and complications of thoracocentesis should lead to improved use and safety of this procedure.
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PMID:Thoracocentesis. Clinical value, complications, technical problems, and patient experience. 358 30

Animal studies suggest that pulmonary oxygen toxicity proceeds more slowly in diluted oxygen breathing mixtures than in pure oxygen at the same inspired partial pressure. We exposed 12 healthy subjects to air at 5 ATA (PiO2 = 1.05 ATA) in a hyperbaric chamber for 48 h, and compared the rate of development of symptoms of O2 toxicity to rates seen in previous studies using 100% O2 at 1 ATA. Symptoms consisted of chest tightness, cough, substernal discomfort, exertional dyspnea, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, headache and digital paresthesias starting at about 12 h, and continuing several days into the recovery period. Pulmonary function changes consisted of significant decrements in vital capacity, flow rates, and DLCO. Initial recovery was in a 0.50 ATA oxygen atmosphere, with the majority of subjects showing definite recovery in both symptoms and pulmonary function. Subjects showed complete recovery in about 8 d, although symptoms of fatigue and exertional dyspnea continued for a month in some cases. In contrast, none of the above changes were noted in an additional 6 subjects exposed to a 5 ATA environment with 6% oxygen (PiO2 = 0.30 ATA). No change in resting gas exchange, as indicated by alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients, was detected in either group. Comparison of these data to that for pure oxygen studies reveals no significant difference in the progression or character of pulmonary oxygen toxicity.
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PMID:Progression of and recovery from pulmonary oxygen toxicity in humans exposed to 5 ATA air. 361 41

Lingual tonsillitis can cause various signs and symptoms including nocturnal or supine cough, constant discomfort in the throat, glossal pain, and otalgia. Most patients with lingual tonsillitis have already had palatine tonsillectomy. A lingual tonsil may be visible only by using a laryngeal mirror. An embedded foreign body can cause recurrent tonsillitis with abscess formation, and life-threatening airway obstruction may result. Aberrant lingual thyroid may be the only functioning thyroid tissue. Cryosurgery and the CO2 laser have made lingual tonsillectomy a safe and simple procedure. An abscess of a lingual tonsil should be drained under general anesthesia, and lingual thyroid should be treated conservatively unless it produces obstructive symptoms.
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PMID:Lingual tonsillitis. 374 99

To evaluate side effects and patients' assessment of fiberoptic bronchoscopy under local anesthesia, 122 consecutive patients answered questions from an outside interviewer (an experienced psychiatrist) and not from the endoscopists themselves. The effect of premedication with midazolam (5 mg i.m.) and hydrocodonum (15 mg i.m.) was compared in a randomized study. In a multiple choice questionnaire 68% of all patients indicated considerable fear in the days before bronchoscopy. They were more afraid of the possible diagnosis of cancer (23%) than of dyspnea or asphyxiation (14%). Coughing is considered the worst side effect of bronchoscopy by 25% of patients (36% of the endoscopists) followed by dyspnea during insertion of the scope (21%) and discomfort during local anesthesia. Although the patients premedicated with midazolam are more sedated (p = 0.025 by physicians' assessment vs. p = 0.11 in patients' view), they cough more (p = 0.001 vs. p = 0.22) and usually tolerate the examination less well (p = 0.009 vs. p = 0.08) than patients premedicated with hydrocodonum. 42% of patients premedicated with midazolam had anterograde amnesia. Although they did not remember all the unpleasant side effects, only 77% said they would repeat the procedure with the same premedication, compared with 90% of patients premedicated with hydrocodonum (p = 0.08). Before and two hours after premedication the reaction times had not changed (optical sign, Wiener reaction device) and were identical in the two patient groups. At that time 37% of the patients premedicated with midazolam and 27% of those premedicated with hydrocodonum were still sleepy and could not be regarded as fit for any form of travel.
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PMID:[Premedication in fiber optic bronchoscopy from the patient's and the physician's viewpoint--a randomized study for the comparison of midazolam and hydrocodone]. 376 97

As part of a study of the morphology of hyperreactive airways, 22 heavy smokers (67 +/- 31 pack-years), all male, were challenged with histamine, questioned on symptoms and skin-tested for common allergens before thoracic surgery, mainly for cancer. Histamine was delivered with a hand operated nebulizer in a total dose of 7.8 mumol or a 20% fall from the baseline FEV1. The PD20 (dose of histamine which causes a 20% fall of FEV1) was determined on a semi-log dose-response curve. Symptoms were recorded by physician-administered questionnaire and skin tests were performed with 8 common allergens. Values for FEV1%VC ratio and response to salbutamol were taken from preoperative spirometric studies. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) was found in 45% of the patients. The PD20 was in the range of asthma. Past symptoms of airway allergy did not enhance BHR risk. Half of the 13 subjects with airway obstruction (FEV1%VC of less than 2 SD of the predicted value) had normal bronchial responsiveness; however, PD20 correlated well with FEV1 (% predicted) in the hyperresponsive group (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001). The degree of BHR was unrelated to tobacco consumption, number of positive skin tests and response to salbutamol. Symptoms were those of chronic bronchitis and bronchoconstriction (wheezing, morning chest tightness, sudden dyspnea), as well as cough. They were experienced, to some extent, by 82% of patients, only half of whom had BHR. These smokers with BHR differed from asthmatics in that half of them did not report bronchoconstriction symptoms and none experienced chest discomfort during provocation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Relation between respiratory function, bronchial reactivity and symptoms in heavy smokers]. 376 98


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