Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many reports describe an increase in the incidence of allergies in recent years. Thus the epidemiological studies are necessary for efficacious prophylaxis. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of allergic diseases in schoolchildren. Allergic rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis was observed in 16.7%. Atopic dermatitis occurred in 12.9% cases. We showed the discrepancy between the number of children with symptoms suggestive for asthma (wheezing--11.1%, breathlessness--19.4%, nocturnal cough--4.9%, exercise-induced cough--9.8%) and number of cases diagnosed as asthma (3.2%). Family history of allergy increased the risk of allergic diseases in studied population.
 ...
PMID:[Asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in schoolchildren]. 764 27

Nocturnal cough reporting on diary cards has been shown to be unreliable and inconsistent. Whether subjective reporting of daytime cough is equally unreliable remains unknown. We have, therefore, developed a new and easily portable device (RBC-7) that records electromyographic (EMG) and audio cough signals for at least a 24-hr period, with a capacity of over 48 hr. Additional information is obtained from electrocardiographic (ECG) signals, and from an accelerometer indicating the level of the subject's activity. The RBC-7 can be set up with the aid of a notebook computer at the subjects home, school or workplace. Initial studies utilizing a prototype device were performed to determine the optimal position of the EMG leads and the microphone. The optimal position for the EMG leads was determined as the positive electrode in the sixth intercostal space (ICS) in the midclavicular line on the left, the negative electrode in the same position on the right, and the reference electrode in the midline over the abdomen. This position was shown to give the highest EMG voltages and the greatest difference in voltages between cough and other signals. The optimal microphone position for signal strength and comfort was over the first ICS, either right or left, close to the sternum. Recordings were performed simultaneously in 20 subjects with conventional tape recorders and the multiparametric cough monitoring system (RBC-7). Conventional tape recordings limited the duration of the studies due to the inherent restrictions. No significant difference in the number of single coughs recorded by each system was detected (correlation coefficient = 0.996). The RBC-7 offers a unique opportunity to obtain objective information on cough in ambulatory subjects over at least a 24-hr period, and to relate cough to time, activity and heart rate, while normal activities are pursued.
 ...
PMID:A new device for ambulatory cough recording. 780 Apr 35

Several studies have shown the relationship between gastro-oesophageal reflux, bronchial asthma and chronic nocturnal cough and this should not be neglected, particularly in patients who present an unfavourable development in spite of conventional treatment. For diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux, amongst other investigations, esophageal gammagraphy of swallowing, that detects alterations in the mobility of the oesophagus, secondary to a possible oesophagitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical progress and gammagraphy of a group of children with chronic predominantly nocturnal cough (with or without bronchial asthma) with initially pathological esophageal gammagraphy, after three months of treatment with gastrokinetic drugs (cisapride against domperidone) and postural dietetic limits, in comparison with a reference group who, although having followed the limits in question had not received the pharmacological treatment. From the clinical viewpoint, cough disappeared in 64.5% of cases without significant statistical differences between the two groups. Gammagraphy became normal in 20/55 cases, improved in 10/55 cases and was unchanged in 25/55. Although there was no significant difference, gammagraphy development was better in children who received domperidone. The agreement between clinical progress and gammagraphy was 60% with a large number of false positives in the gammagraphy. We believe that the simple introduction of the postural-dietetic measures may improve the clinical control in the type of patients who present with a chronic nocturnally predominant cough that does not yield to conventional treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Nocturnal spasmodic cough in the infant. Evolution after antireflux treatment]. 814 45

Nocturnal cough in asthma is a common but poorly understood phenomenon. The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between recorded night cough, reported night cough and current wheeze in a population-based sample of children previously identified as wheezy, and to examine the relationship of nocturnal cough to current symptoms, markers of asthma severity and environmental exposure. Children were reassessed in the early school years by measuring current symptoms, ventilatory function, bronchial reactivity, peak flow variability, respiratory symptom diaries and home monitoring of overnight cough, transcutaneous arterial oxygen saturation, room temperature and humidity. Night studies were performed on 59 asymptomatic children and 41 children with current wheeze. Cough occurred more frequently in current wheezers compared to asymptomatic children (16 out of 41 (39%) vs 11 out of 59 (19%)), and more cough episodes were recorded (median 3.5 vs 2.0). Night cough was not associated with bronchial reactivity, peak flow variability, degree of morning dip, mean overnight arterial oxygen saturation, ventilatory function, maternal smoking or treatment of asthma. However, it was associated with lower overnight air temperature. Although night cough is more common in current wheezers, there is poor agreement between recorded and reported night cough. Objective tests of asthma severity are of little use in predicting its presence in this age group. The sleeping environment deserves further study.
 ...
PMID:Night cough in a population-based sample of children: characteristics, relation to symptoms and associations with measures of asthma severity. 883 36

We examined how chronic respiratory symptoms, reported in a questionnaire, and results of skin prick tests and spirometry predicted variability in peak expiratory flow (PEF) among 6-12-yr-old children (n = 1,854). After characterization with skin tests and spirometry, children were followed for 2-3 mo during the winter of 1993-1994. Peak expiratory flow was measured daily in the morning and evenings. Children with asthmatic symptoms (wheeze and/or attacks of shortness of breath with wheeze in the past 12 mo and/or ever doctor diagnosed asthma) had a greater variation in PEF than children with dry nocturnal cough as their only chronic respiratory symptom. Similarly, doctor-diagnosed asthma was associated with a greater variation in PEF, also among children with asthmatic symptoms. Peak flow variability increased with an increasing number of symptoms reported in the questionnaire. Atopy, positive skin test reactions to house dust mite and cat and lowered level (as % of predicted) in FEV1 and in MMEF were also associated with an increased variation in PEF. All the differences were observed in both diurnal and day-to-day variation in PEF. In conclusion, chronic respiratory symptoms reported in a questionnaire, spirometric lung function and skin prick test results among asthmatic children predicted variation in PEF measured during a 2-3 mo follow-up. The difference in morning PEF coefficient of variation (CV) between children with asthmatic symptoms and children with cough only was somewhat bigger in girls than in boys. The effect of atopy on morning PEF CV was somewhat bigger in young than in older children.
 ...
PMID:Chronic respiratory symptoms, skin test results, and lung function as predictors of peak flow variability. 930 92

The objective of this case report was to define the effects of nasal mask continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the respiratory and sleep characteristics of a 3 year-old boy with a 2 year history of snoring and 1 year history of chronic nocturnal cough. The method employed was all-night polysomnography before and during treatment with CPAP after the identification of partial upper airway obstruction in association with cough. The results indicated that the child had evidence of mild upper airways obstruction on initial all-night sleep study. Nasal mask CPAP was instituted. On a subsequent sleep study 4 weeks later, this was documented to prevent the upper airway obstruction at a pressure of 5.2 cm of water. In addition, nasal mask CPAP markedly reduced the nocturnal coughing, the total number of coughs decreasing from 92 to one. The rate of cough per h of study (cough disturbance index) decreased from 9.8-0.1. Sleep efficiency (total sleep time as a percentage of study duration) improved on CPAP from 87 to 99%. This study suggests that chronic nocturnal cough can result from upper airway obstruction in sleep in children and is an important initial observation.
 ...
PMID:Nasal mask continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of chronic nocturnal cough in a young child. 944 Nov 25

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cough and the citric acid cough threshold during hypobaric hypoxia under controlled environmental conditions. Subjects were studied during Operation Everest 3. Eight subjects ascended to a simulated altitude of 8,848 m over 31 days in a hypobaric chamber. Frequency of nocturnal cough was measured using voice-activated tape recorders, and cough threshold by inhalation of increasing concentrations of citric acid aerosol. Spirometry was performed before and after each test. Subjects recorded symptoms of acute mountain sickness and arterial oxygen saturation daily. Air temperature and humidity were controlled during the operation. Cough frequency increased with increasing altitude, from a median of 0 coughs (range 0-4) at sea level to 15 coughs (range 3-32) at a simulated altitude of 8,000 m. Cough threshold was unchanged on arrival at 5,000 m compared to sea level (geometric mean difference (GMD) 1.0, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.5-2.1, p=0.5), but fell on arrival at 8,000 m compared to sea level (GMD 3.3, 95% CI 1.1-10.3, p=0.043). There was no relationship between cough threshold and symptoms of acute mountain sickness, oxygen saturation or forced expiratory volume in one second. Temperature and humidity in the chamber were controlled between 18-24 degrees C and 30-60%, respectively. These results confirm an increase in cough frequency and cough receptor sensitivity associated with hypobaric hypoxia, and refute the hypothesis that high altitude cough is due to the inhalation of cold, dry air. The small sample size makes further conclusions difficult, and the cause of altitude-related cough remains unclear.
 ...
PMID:Cough frequency and cough receptor sensitivity to citric acid challenge during a simulated ascent to extreme altitude. 1023 17

This work was conducted in order to study how the health of adults is affected by the presence of moisture or mould in the home. A random sample of 310 houses in Finland was studied during the years 1993-1994. The houses were investigated for visual signs of moisture by a surveyor, and observations of mould were reported by the occupants. A moisture problem was observed in 52% and a mould problem in 27% of the houses. Health data was collected by means of a postal questionnaire from 699 adults. Exposure to moisture was significantly associated with sinusitis, acute bronchitis, nocturnal cough, nocturnal dyspnoea and sore throat, and the exposed inhabitants had significantly more episodes of common cold and tonsillitis. Exposure to mould was significantly associated with common cold, cough without phlegm, nocturnal cough, sore throat, rhinitis, fatigue and difficulties in concentration. Building-related moisture or mould increased the risk of upper and lower respiratory infections and symptoms as well as of nonrespiratory symptoms.
 ...
PMID:The relationship between moisture or mould observations in houses and the state of health of their occupants. 1062 68

Questionnaire surveys in several countries have consistently detected an association between symptoms and residential mould growth. Confirmation by objective measures would strengthen the argument for causality. To address this issue, quantitative and qualitative fungal measures (airborne ergosterol and viable fungi in dust) were compared to respiratory symptoms (n = 403) and nocturnal cough recordings (n = 145) in Canadian elementary schoolchildren during the winter of 1993-1994. There was a 25 percent to 50 percent relative increase in symptom prevalence when mould was reported to be present (p < 0.05). However, neither symptoms nor recorded cough was related to objective measures of mould. In conclusion, the inability to find an association between objective measures of fungus and health suggest that either these objective measures, or the traditionally used questionnaire data are inaccurate. This discrepancy limits the acceptance of a causal relation between indoor fungal growth and illness.
 ...
PMID:Testing the association between residential fungus and health using ergosterol measures and cough recordings. 1087 12

SUMMARY. To evaluate the importance of a past history of asthma-like symptoms over a period of 2 years and current bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), 538 randomly selected schoolchildren, initially aged 7-8 years, were examined. At yearly intervals, three standardized questionnaires, including items from the ISAAC panel, were answered by parents. Following the last questionnaire, BHR to 4.5% hypertonic saline (HS) was recorded. In survey 1, lifetime prevalence of asthma was 4.9%. During the 12-month period, prevalence of wheeze and dyspnea ranged between 9.3 and 5.2% (Survey 1) and 5.9% and 4.4% (Survey 2). Among children with wheeze or dyspnea in Survey 3, BHR (defined as a fall of baseline FEV(1) > or = 15%) was significantly more frequent (50.0% and 60.7%, respectively) than among children without these symptoms (12.8%, P < 0.001, and 12.8%, P < 0.001, respectively). The negative predictive value of BHR to have neither wheeze nor dyspnea was about 88% and did not vary throughout the study (Survey 1, 87%; Survey 2, 88%; Survey 3, 88%). The relative risk of showing BHR was significantly increased in children with wheeze (survey 2, odds ratio (OR) 3.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-8.7)) or dyspnea (Survey 1: OR 5.9 (95% CI 1.9-18.5), Survey 3: 5.2 (1.7-16.2), but not in children with dry cough or nocturnal cough (data not shown). Wheeze and dyspnea occurred repeatedly in the same individuals with BHR in a high percentage of children (83.3% and 76.5%, respectively). In conclusion, there is a strong association between recent and previous dyspnea and current BHR, and it indicates intraindividual persistence of symptom history.
 ...
PMID:Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to 4.5% hypertonic saline indicates a past history of asthma-like symptoms in children. 1118 Jun 74


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>