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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although asthma is a disease of airways, it affects all aspects of lung function, and in acute severe episodes even cardiac performance is influenced. The typical exacerbation is characterized by symptoms of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough associated with the signs of tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperinflation of the thorax, and stridulous breathing. Usually, the pulse rate is 100 bpm or more, and the respiratory frequency varies between 25 to 28 breaths per minute. Use of accessory muscles and pulsus paradoxicus occur in 30% to 40% of episodes. From a functional standpoint, the FEV1, peak flow, and residual volume tend to average approximately 30%, 20%, and 40% of expected values, respectively. Neither the presenting signs, symptoms, or functional abnormalities can be used to predict a relapse or the need for hospitalization because these variables do not necessarily determine the subsequent response to therapy. Furthermore, these signs and symptoms imperfectly reflect the physiologic abnormalities, and their loss can not be relied on as indicating a return to functional normalcy.
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PMID:Clinical physiologic correlates in asthma. 394 67

Three patients with respiratory failure resulting from miliary tuberculosis had a characteristic clinical presentation that included a long history of a prominent cough, dyspnea, weight loss, tachycardia, tachypnea, pulmonary adventitious sounds, and hepatomegaly. Hematologic investigation showed a normal white cell count with marked left shift in the morphology of white cells in all three patients, and evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in one patient. In only one patient was the initial sputum positive for acid-fast bacilli; in the others, invasive diagnostic procedures including lumbar puncture, bone marrow trephine, and open-lung biopsy were necessary for diagnosis. Miliary tuberculosis should be suspected in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome of unknown etiology. Simple diagnostic procedures such as sputum, bronchial brushings, and urine examination should be followed by bone marrow trephine, liver biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy, and lumbar puncture if physical signs of meningitis are present.
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PMID:Adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with miliary tuberculosis. 396 42

Illness associated adenovirus infection is described in 15 immunocompromised patients. Patients were immunocompromised by severe underlying disease, immunosuppressive or corticosteroid therapy or by age (prematurity). Evidence of adenovirus infection was obtained by either viral isolation or, in two cases, characteristic adenovirus inclusion bodies at postmortem study. All clinical illness was associated with high fever (temperature greater than 39 degrees C). Eighty per cent of the patients had severe systemic complaints including malaise, lethargy, fatigue and night sweats; a similar number of gastrointestinal symptoms. Pulmonary complaints were described in 11 of 15 cases and included cough (67 per cent) and tachypnea (53 per cent). Roentgenologic evidence of pneumonia was demonstrated in 12 of 15 patients (80 per cent). Elevation of serum hepatic enzyme levels (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)) occurred in eight of 11 patients (73 per cent) and was moderate to severe (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase greater than 450 IU/liter) in five of 11 (45 per cent). Nine patients died; seven after a rapid downhill course and two after a prolonged illness. Evidence of adenovirus infection microscopically by autopsy in the lung, liver or both is demonstrated in four patients with fulminant systemic illness. Adenovirus infection should be considered in the etiology of severe overwhelming illness in the immunocompromised host.
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PMID:Adenovirus infection in the immunocompromised patient. 624 99

A subacute pneumonic disease of a young infant is described. Insidious onset, afebrile course, tachypnea, staccato cough, disseminated crepitations on auscultation, signs of infiltration and hyperexpansion on chest X-ray, eosinophilia as well as elevation of immunoglobulin fractions G and M suggested infection with chlamydia trachomatis. Microbiologic investigations, however, documented active infection with cytomegalovirus. Hence these symptoms were either caused by both organisms or constitute a rare monorganic manifestation of connatal cytomegalovirus disease. The syndrome of subacute pneumonia in the young infant might not necessarily depend on the infection with a specific organism.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus in subacute infant pneumonitis (author's transl)]. 627 75

Four litters of puppies were divided into three groups. One group was vaccinated with a live CAV-1 vaccine and another with a live CAV-2 vaccine. Throat swabs were collected from two dogs in each of these groups to monitor the possible excretion of vaccine virus, but none was found. Both groups, together with the third group of unvaccinated controls, were challenged 17 days later with an aerosol of virulent CAV-2. One dog from each group was killed on the third, fourth, seventh, ninth, 11th and 14th days after challenge. The unvaccinated dogs developed a clinical disease characterised by anorexia, dullness, coughing and tachypnoea. The lungs were consolidated and histological examination revealed the main lesion to be a severe necrotising bronchiolitis. Large amounts of virus were present in the respiratory tissues of these dogs and high titres of virus were isolated from throat swabs. In contrast, both groups of vaccinated dogs remained clinically almost normal with minimal lesions, present for a much shorter period of time. Virus was found on day 4 in the respiratory tissues of one dog vaccinated with CAV-1 but the other vaccinated animals contained little or no virus. In general, the degree of protection afforded by CAV-1 vaccine seemed similar to that provided by CAV-2 vaccine.
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PMID:Immunity to canine adenovirus respiratory disease: a comparison of attenuated CAV-1 and CAV-2 vaccines. 628 Mar 70

Nine puppies without maternal antibody to canine adenovirus (CAV) were divided into two groups. The first consisted of six puppies, each of which was given two doses of a commercial inactivated CAV-1 vaccine, 14 days apart. Eight days after administration of the second dose of vaccine, all six puppies, together with the second group, consisting of three unvaccinated controls, were challenged with an aerosol of virulent CAV-2. One dog from each group was killed on the third, fifth and 10th days after challenge and the three additional vaccinates killed at intervening times. All of the dogs developed respiratory signs, mainly coughing and tachypnoea, but the vaccinated dogs made a more rapid recovery. The lungs of both groups were consolidated, the areas affected being more extensive in the controls, and histological examination revealed the main lesion to be a severe necrotising bronchiolitis. Virus was isolated from the respiratory tissues and from throat swabs collected from both groups of dogs. The presence of neutralising antibody in the serum was not, of itself, sufficient to control viral replication and oblate the disease.
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PMID:Immunity to canine adenovirus respiratory disease: effect of vaccination with an inactivated vaccine. 631 19

Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children in the less developed countries. Considering the urgent need for rational protocols for the management of these infections in children and how little is known about the clinical signs that might predict the need for antibiotic therapy in a primary health care setting, a prospective study of the clinical signs in 200 paediatric outpatients presenting with a cough, 100 age-matched controls without cough, and 50 children admitted to hospital with pneumonia was carried out.In children with cough, a respiratory rate greater than 40 or 50 per minute (or a qualitative impression of tachypnoea) is probably the best indicator of the need for starting antibiotic treatment by primary health workers. The presence of fever appeared to be a poor guide to the need for antibiotic therapy. The presence of chest indrawing is, however, a reliable indication that a child with cough should be admitted to a health centre or a hospital. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the ability of these clinical signs to predict the course of these infections.
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PMID:Acute lower respiratory tract infections in children: possible criteria for selection of patients for antibiotic therapy and hospital admission. 633 73

The clinical pattern of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children admitted to Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH) was studied. Most patients (60%) were less than twelve months of age. Common symptoms were cough, fever and shortness of breath. Common signs were crepitations, chest recession, elevated temperature and tachypnoea. Concurrent illness was common, with evidence of malnutrition in 62% patients. Most patients were anaemic (haemoglobin less than 10g per dl). Blood cultures isolated pathogens in 13% of patients in which it was done, the most common isolate being Haemophilus influenzae. Chest radiograph showed most patients had multisegmental changes, with the lower lobes commonly involved. Of the 129 patients, discharges accounted for 106 (82%), while 15 (12%) absconded and eight (6%) died. Of those 121 discharged or absconding, 15 (12%) were readmitted within three months of departure. Sixty-six (51%) patients stayed in hospital for four days or less. Of the eight patients who died, six (75%) were malnourished, six (75%) were less than eighteen months of age, seven (87.5%) were sick for one week or less before admission, five (62.5%) had received antibiotics before admission and chest radiograph showed more lung zones affected than in those not dying. Of the eight patients who died, six had white cell counts (WCC) performed and none of these was more than 30,000.
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PMID:Acute lower respiratory tract infections in children admitted to Port Moresby General Hospital. 633 17

Reported is a case of massive aspiration of particulate matter after a cave-in. A 14-year-old boy was buried beneath 18 inches of dirt while playing at a construction site. After extrication he was breathing spontaneously and was transported to the emergency department on supplemental oxygen. Physical examination revealed cough, tachypnea, and diminished breath sounds of the right lung field. Chest radiographs showed multiple radiopaque densities filling the right mainstem bronchus and a left-to-right shift of the mediastinum. The patient was treated with bronchodilators followed by postural drainage and percussion. Chest radiographs and physical examination both returned to normal within 24 hours. Reports of massive aspiration of sand are scarce, and have emphasized the need for bronchoscopic removal of particles to restore ventilation. This case was managed with bronchodilators and postural drainage alone, with complete resolution of pulmonary abnormalities.
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PMID:Aspiration following a cave-in. 633 33

The fat overload syndrome developed in a 7-year-old girl who was on home TPN which included 20% Intralipid (total lipid dose 3.2 g/kg/d). Acute respiratory insufficiency developed with cough, dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis. The chest x-ray revealed mild cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. Blood gases showed profound hypoxia (PaO2 29 torr on room air). Spontaneous resolution occurred over the next seven days as the lipemia cleared.
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PMID:Fat overload syndrome causing respiratory insufficiency. 644 Sep 70


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