Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Approximately 14 days after exploring a limestone cave in northcentral Florida in February 1973, an 18-year-old female developed a respiratory illness with pronounced shortness of breath and cyanosis. The following day, an 18-year-old male presented to the hospital with similar complaints. The association of illness with their recent caving experience prompted further epidemiologic investigation. Twenty-nine members of a church-sponsored youth group explored the implicated cave. Twenty-three of them later became ill with complaints of cough, afternoon fever and sweats, chest discomfort, and dyspnea on exertion. Histoplasmin skin tests were positive in 18 of 24 individuals tested. Serum for complement fixation (CF) was positive in 12 of 26. Testing of area residents revealed a low incidence of skin test and CF positivity (7% and 0%, respectively). That spelunkers are at risk of acquiring pulmonary histoplasmosis has been noted previously; in Florida this has been related to the exploration of caves infested with bats. This is the largest reported outbreak of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis that has been associated with spelunking and further points out that only those individuals who enter the cave are at risk of acquiring the disease, and not those who reside in the surrounding area.
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PMID:Pulmonary histoplasmosis associated with exploration of a bat cave. 57 35

The clinical and physiologic effects of bronchopulmonary lavage of both lungs at separate times in 14 patients with alveolar proteinosis proved by biopsy were followed for 2 to 96 months. Before lavage, all patients had moderate to severe dyspnea on exertion. Twelve had a nonproductive cough, and 2 had a productive cough; both were smokers. Nine had generalized fatigue, and 4 had weight loss. Twelve of 14 had fine inspiratory rales. All of the patients had abnormal chest roentgenograms, and 13 of 14 had an increased lactate dehydrogenase concentration. After lavage, all patients had loss of fatigue and improved exercise tolerance, with most returning to normal activity. Cough cleared in 12 of 14 and remained only in the cigarette smokers. Inspiratory rales cleared completely in most patients (11 of 12) and partially in one. The rales usually returned during exacerbations. Physiologic measurements that changed significantly after bilateral lavage included: vital capacity, total lung capacity, resting room air PO2, exercise PO2, PO2 while breathing 100 per cent O2, and DLCO. Because all measurements were made within 5 days of the second lavage, one must attribute the acute improvement to the removal of proteinaceous material from the alveoli. The long-term effects varied; some patients required annual or semiannual lavages, wherease others remained in remission after lavage for 36 to 96 months. Exacerbations were accompanied by increased dyspnea, reappearance of rales, and deterioration of the gas-exchange parameters noted previously. Repeat lavage reversed the clinical symptoms and physiologic abnormalities in patients who had recurrences.
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PMID:Physiologic effects of bronchopulmonary lavage in alveolar proteinosis. 69 76

A 29 year old man experienced exertional dyspnea and coughing 3 1/2 years after insertion of a Brauwald-Cutter aortic valve prosthesis. Clinical examination suggested pulmonary arterial hypertension, and cardiac catheterization revealed a saccular lesion apparently arising from the left ventricular outflow tract and producing compression of the right pulmonary artery. Origin from the left ventricular outflow tract just under the aortic ring was confirmed at operation. The lesion apparently arose from an anular excavation related to previous endocarditis with abscess formation. Reported cases of similar aneurysmal lesions are briefly reviewed, and other known causes of the pulmonary arterial compression syndrome are discussed.
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PMID:Pulmonary arterial compression syndrome caused by false aneurysm of left ventricular outflow tract. 99 31

Although wheezing is believed to be a cardinal manifestation of asthma, some patients with this disorder may not present with wheezing, but rather with either exertional dyspnea or cough. In 14 such patients with dyspnea, there was peripheral airway dysfunction with markedly elevated residual volumes, frequency dependence of dynamic compliance and depressed flow rates in the middle-vital-capacity range, whereas specific conductance and one-second forced expiratory volumes were normal. Circumstantial evidence suggests that mucosal edema or mucous secretions may have been responsible. In seven patients with cough, studies revealed a more severe obstructive pattern that appeared to be the result of increased large-airway resistance, and the patients' response to isoproterenol indicated that contraction of bronchial smooth muscle may have been principally responsible. Thus, intermittent episodes of cough or breathlessness may represent variant aspects of asthmatic attacks.
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PMID:Exertional dyspnea and cough as preludes to acute attacks of bronchial asthma. 111 Jun 70

A 68-year-old male developed dry cough and exertional dyspnea after handling paint spray containing isocyanates (TDI, MDI) for three months. Initially, the symptoms fluctuated according to whether he was at work or not. He was admitted to our hospital on February 7, 1990, because of progressive worsening of symptoms. In spite of admission to hospital and cessation of exposure to isocyanates, there was no improvement of symptoms. His chest X-ray film showed diffuse small nodular and reticular shadows. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed thickening of the alveolar walls and formation of Masson's bodies associated with mononuclear cell infiltration in alveolar spaces. High titers of TDI-HSA and MDI-HSA specific IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA, and a high level of serum soluble IL2 receptor was also detected. From these results, we diagnosed hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to exposure to isocyanates. One week administration of prednisolone caused dramatic improvement of his symptoms, chest X-ray findings, and laboratory data. His clinical course and response to prednisolone therapy indicated that long-term steroid administration could not be avoided. The prolonged symptoms and the necessity for long-term steroid therapy are discussed.
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PMID:[A case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to isocyanate exposure showing progression even two months after removal of the antigen]. 131 20

A 67-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of fever, dry cough, and exertional dyspnea. The findings of chest X-ray, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage were compatible with the diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Prednisolone was administered and she felt better for a while. However, she developed severe dyspnea, and marked diffuse infiltrative shadows were observed on chest X-ray after 3 months of steroid therapy. In spite of pulse therapy with methylprednisolone, she died of severe respiratory failure. Complement fixation test and IgG antibody enzyme immunoassay for cytomegalovirus were positive, but there was no change the titers between admission and death. IgM antibody was negative. The lung findings at autopsy compatible with usual interstitial pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage, moreover, cytomegalovirus infection was observed. We consider that recurrent cytomegalovirus pneumonia had been present due to secondary immunodeficiency caused by administration of steroid hormones.
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PMID:[A case of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with cytomegalovirus infection]. 132 4

Of 113 methyl isocyanate (MIC)-exposed subjects studied initially at Bhopal, India, 79, 56, 68, and 87 were followed with clinical, lung function, radiographic, and immunologic tests at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Though our cohort consisted of subjects at all ages showing a varied severity of initial illness, fewer females and young subjects were seen. Initially all had eye problems, but dominant symptoms were exertional dyspnea, cough, chest pain, sputum, and muscle weakness. A large number showed persistent depression mixed with anxiety, with disturbances of personality parameters. The early radiographic changes were lung edema, overinflation, enlarged heart, pleural scars, and consolidation. The persistent changes seen were interstitial deposits. Lung functions showed mainly restrictive changes with small airway obstruction; there was impairment of oxygen exchange. Oxygen exchange improved at 3-6 months, and spirometry improved at 12 months, only to decline later. The expiratory flow rates pertaining to large and medium airway function improved, but those for small airways remained low. There were changes of alveolitis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on fiber optic bronchoscopy, and in 11 cases positive MIC-specific antibodies to IgM, IgG, and IgE were demonstrated. On follow up, only 48% of the subjects were clinically stable, while 50% showed fluctuations. Thirty-two percent of the subjects had lung function fluctuations. Detailed sequential behavior over 2-4 years was predicted for dyspnea, forced vital capacity, maximum expiratory flow rate (0.25-0.75), peak expiratory flow rate, VO2, and depression score. A model for clinical behavior explained a total variance of 52.4% by using the factors of cough, PCO2 and X-ray zones in addition to above five parameters. The behavior of the railway colony group (1640 patients) revealed a similar pattern of illness. When this observed pattern of changes was transferred to the affected Bhopal city sections (with an equitable age-sex distribution), our model results were again validated. Thus the picture of MIC-induced disease seems similar despite the differences for age-sex and initial severity of illness in our cohort and in the population of Bhopal city as predicted by our model.
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PMID:Sequential respiratory, psychologic, and immunologic studies in relation to methyl isocyanate exposure over two years with model development. 139 63

A 14-year-old girl was admitted because of cough, chest pain and hemosputum. Chest roentgenogram on admission showed a pneumothorax and a cavitary lesion with niveau formation in the right lung and cystic lesions in the bilateral lung fields. After bed rest and intravenous administration of antibiotics for two weeks, the right lung inflated well and the niveau formation disappeared, and the patient was discharged. One week later, she was readmitted with sudden-onset severe dyspnea, caused by bilateral pneumothoraces. Emergency tube thoracostomy and wedge resection of the bullous lesion was performed. Macroscopically, multiple small cystic changes were seen on the surface of the right lung. Histological examination revealed nodular proliferations of smooth muscle cells in the interstitium and vessel walls in the lung, which contained slit-like lymphatic channels. The diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis was made. In this case, we could not measure receptors for estrogen and progesterone. Recently, hormonal therapy and oophorectomy have been reported as being useful. Tamoxifen (Norvadex) was therefore initiated, and the patient has remained well with slight dyspnea on exertion. There has been no recurrence of pneumothorax. Lymphangiomyomatosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology which occurs exclusively in women, mostly in those of reproductive age. We report a 14-year-old female patient with lymphangiomyomatosis associated with repeated pneumothorax, who had been under treatment for epilepsy. We believe this case to be of importance because of the long discussed relation between pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis and tuberous sclerosis.
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PMID:[A 14-year-old with pulmonary hamartomatous lymphangiomyomatosis associated with bilateral pneumothoraces]. 143 26

A 17-year-old man was admitted with a 5-month history of intermittent dyspnea on exertion, 10 kg weight loss, cough, sputa and fever. He did not smoke, had no apparent underlying pulmonary disease, and was not immunocompromised. Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from sputa at admission. Chest radiograph showed many thin-walled cavities and infiltration in the bilateral middle and upper fields. Chest CT detected multiple cystic lesions that were not revealed in conventional X-ray. It was suggested that the formation of the cystic lesions was one of the predisposing factor of Mycobacterium fortuitum pulmonary infection in this patient. The pneumonic change improved after six-month treatment using isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin, despite in vitro resistance of the bacilli to all of these drugs.
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PMID:[Mycobacterium fortuitum pulmonary infection in a healthy 17-year-old man]. 143 23

A 45-year-old officer, working for a period of 18 years at a military radar base, presented with progressive exertional dyspnea, dry cough, and hemoptysis. Subsequent evaluation demonstrated a left pulmonary artery occlusion as well as a left upper lobe bronchus stenosis, due to a dense fibrotic mediastinal mass. Histologically, this proved to be idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis (IMF). The development of IMF in a man exposed for a long period to radio-frequency radiation (RFR) is unique in the literature in English. The possible association of radiation exposure with IMF is discussed.
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PMID:Mediastinal fibrosis and radiofrequency radiation exposure: is there an association? 826 86


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