Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 5-year-old child with classic farmer's lung disease is reported. The disease started after a flulike episode and progressed during 3 months to severe respiratory failure. The clinical features were fatigability, weight loss, recurrent fever, dry cough, pulmonary rales, and clubbing. Serologic studies for precipitins to Micropolyspora faeni were positive. The chest roentgenogram showed a ground-glass appearance with air bronchogram. The open lung biopsy material was typical for alveolitis, with minute interstitial granulomas and obliteration of lung parenchyma. The child's condition improved rapidly with prednisone therapy and avoidance of the allergen.
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PMID:Farmer's lung in early childhood. 44 35

The prognostic features of the disease are summed up. The leading symptom of the disease is the dyspnoe followed by a dry hacking cough, loss of weight and fever. Clinically we find rales, cyanosis clubbing and signs of right heart insufficiency. Lung function data point to a decreased vital capacity and diffusing capacity; residual volume and functional residual capacity are about normal. Corticosteroid monotherapy is not an efficient treatment. The combination of prednisolon + azathioprine improves vital capacity but not working capacity. Prednisolone and d-penicillamine improve all parameters including working capacity. This can be enhanced by still adding azathioprine or cyclophosphamide to prednisolone and d-penicillamine.
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PMID:[Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis]. 91 41

The case of a 10.5-year-old girl, who was diagnosed with a case of thalassemia major at the age of 8 months and had been on regular blood transfusions since then, is related. Donor screening for HIV was started in mid-1988, thus she had received unscreened blood for a number of years. In February 1991, she presented with a dry persistent cough, moderate grade continuous fever, and breathlessness on exertion for over 2 weeks. Chest X-ray showed bilateral infiltrations. She was put on penicillin and chloramphenicol with a provisional diagnosis of bronchopneumonia. In March 1991, she had to be hospitalized for impending respiratory failure. After treatment with intravenous fluids and parenteral antimicrobials, her condition stabilized and she was discharged. In April 1991, she was readmitted because of complaints of difficulty in swallowing and weight loss. Her chest signs had persisted and she had developed oropharyngeal candidiasis with ulcerations. She also had alopecia, a generalized lymphadenopathy, digital clubbing, and bilateral parotid enlargement. Candidiasis responded to vigorous therapy with clotrimazole. Fine needle aspiration of lymph node showed a reactive hyperplasia. HIV antibodies were detected in the serum with ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. Immunologic tests showed evidence of severe immunodeficiency. The Multitest CMI, which simultaneously tests delayed skin hypersensitivity to seven common recall antigens, was totally nonreactive. She was classified as having AIDS according to World Health Organization criteria for children under 13 years of age. The diagnosis of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) was also made based on the symptoms. Oral prednisolone was given 2 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for a month. The cough and dyspnea showed great improvement and the parotid swellings disappeared; lymphadenopathy, clubbing, and alopecia, however, persisted. The child was kept on maintenance therapy of prednisolone and on alternate day co-trimoxazole for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii infection.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) in a multi transfused child with thalassemia major. 129 97

Only 1 case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis has previously been reported from South Africa. Experience with 4 such adult patients (2 blacks and 2 whites) is described. These patients were followed up for 15-48 months and none developed evidence of a lymphoma during this period. Fever, weight loss, cough and breathlessness were prominent symptoms in all patients. One patient, a black woman, with a diffuse interstitial pattern of lung involvement, had digital clubbing--a rare accompaniment that resolved after therapy. Dilated congestive cardiomyopathy was found in association with pulmonary nodules in a black male patient. All 4 patients were treated with cytotoxic regimens. The 2 patients treated with oral cyclophosphamide and prednisolone responded favourably. The possible explanation for paucity of reports of lymphomatoid granulomatosis from South Africa could be under-reporting, underdiagnosis or a true geographic/ethnic variation in the incidence of this condition.
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PMID:Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. A report of 4 cases. 201 8

A neurilemoma of the diaphragm in an asymptomatic 46-year-old woman is reported, and 12 cases of primary neural tumor of the diaphragm reported previously are reviewed. The common symptoms in these patients are chest pain, cough, and dyspnea. Joint pain or clubbing of the fingers is present in nearly half of the patients. As with diaphragmatic tumors in general, many neural tumors of the diaphragm are malignant. We believe that all such tumors should be resected through a thoracotomy incision, which affords optimal exposure of the diaphragm.
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PMID:Primary neurilemoma of the diaphragm. 266 37

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), also called interstitial pneumonia or fibrosing alveolitis, is a progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown origin. Two distinct forms are known which differ in course, morphologic features and cytological findings in bronchoalveolar lavage: a cellular "desquamative interstitial pneumonia" and a hypocellular and more fibrotic "usual interstitial pneumonia". The two types appear to represent different stages of the same disease. The clinical findings in IPF are dyspnoea, unproductive cough, clubbing and rales. Pulmonary function tests reveal restriction, reduced diffusion capacity and hypoxaemia during exercise. Chest X-rays show localized linear or nodular densities usually accentuated at the lung bases; in 10% of patients with IPF, chest radiography is normal. To assess the inflammatory process bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial or open lung biopsy have proven necessary. Before beginning treatment the activity of the inflammatory process and degree of lung function impairment should be established. Therapy of IPF is unspecific and its aim is to suppress alveolitis and the fibrotic process. Corticosteroids are the initial therapy. If there is no improvement after two months, immunosuppressive agents are added. Regular clinical and functional follow-up is required. Course and prognosis vary in different forms of IPF. Without treatment, median survival in the cellular form is over 10 years and in the hypocellular form between 3.2 and 5.6 years. Only 12-30% of patients respond to antiinflammatory treatment.
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PMID:[Idiopathic lung fibrosis]. 304 52

A 22-year-old woman is seen for progressive dyspnea on exertion experienced for the past six months. She has no dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, cough, or other symptoms. There is no history of heart murmurs, rheumatic fever, or pulmonary disease. Physical examination shows a healthy-appearing young woman with no cyanosis or clubbing. The jugular venous pulse shows a prominent A wave, with normal mean venous pressure. The lungs are clear to examination. The cardiac examination is normal except for a loud second heart sound that is narrowly split in expiration and a little more widely split in inspiration. The chest roentgenogram shows slight cardiac enlargement of nonspecific contour, with a considerably enlarged main pulmonary artery segment and moderately prominent central pulmonary artery branches. The peripheral lung fields are unremarkable. The electrocardiogram is shown.
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PMID:Dyspnea, right-axis deviation, and abnormal P waves in a young woman. 641 83

Three patients who developed pulmonary fibrosis following prolonged treatment with nitrofurantoin for chronic urinary tract infections are presented. They had received the drug for 3--4 years; all gave histories of 2--3 years of progressive shortness of breath and an unproductive cough. On examination, all 3 patients had bilateral crackles and 1 had finger clubbing. Chest radiographs showed bilateral shadowing and lung function tests a restrictive defect with reduced gas transfer. Lung biopsies showed extensive fibrosis in 2 patients and advanced honeycomb formation in 1. The response to steroid therapy in 2 patients was excellent, with resolution of symptoms, clearing of the chest radiographs and improvement in lung function. It is proposed that nitrofurantoin has no place in the long-term treatment of chronic urinary tract infections and that its use in acute infections should be questioned.
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PMID:Pulmonary fibrosis following long-term nitrofurantoin therapy. 707 74

Interstitial pneumonitis in children is a rare and poorly understood disease. Controversy exists as to whether the varoius histologic changes encountered represent different disease or a spectrum of the same disease. Fourteen biopsy-confirmed cases of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis in children were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1953 and 1975. A search of the literature revealed 14 additional cases but no series of exclusively desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. The most frequent symptoms were retardation of growth and dyspnea, often accompanied by cough. Tachypnea was the most common finding on examination; rales, cyanosis, and clubbing were variably present. The chest roentgenogram was distinctly abnormal in all cases; it usually revealed a combined interstitial and alveolar pattern extending bilaterally from the hilus to the base. Results of laboratory studies were nonspecific for desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. All 28 patients in this review were treated with corticosteroids; 17 (61 percent) survived. Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis was found in association with a variety of other major illnesses. The cause remains unknown.
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PMID:Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis in children. 735 10

The clinical features of 68 Japanese patients (53 men and 15 women; mean age 44 years) with primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis were reviewed. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was diagnosed from histologic findings after open lung biopsy (n = 7) or transbronchial lung biopsy (n = 61). Major symptoms were a dry cough (24.2%) and dyspnea or shortness of breath on exertion (51.5%), but one third of the patients were asymptomatic. Crackles were audible in 30% of the patients, but clubbing (6%) and cyanosis (4%) were rare. Ten patients had been occupationally exposed to dust. Slightly less than half (46%) of the patients first presented with symptoms, and the remainder (54%) first presented with abnormal pulmonary infiltrates seen on chest roentgenograms taken during general health examinations. Many patients had abnormally high levels of LDH and CEA in serum (62% and 63%, respectively). Restrictive pulmonary dysfunction (%VC < 80%) was seen in 31% of the patients, an abnormally low DLco (%DLco < 70%) was seen in 62%,m and hypoxemia (PaO2 < 80 mmHg) was seen in 67%. Arterial blood gas tension was closely correlated with the severity of disease in these patients. Chest roentgenograms usually showed bilateral symmetric alveolar infiltrates, mainly distributed from hilar areas toward the pleura, but on CT scans many of the shadows were mixed with alveolar and interstitial infiltrates of various extent along the pulmonary arteries and bronchi. There was no apparent relation between chest roentgenographic findings and chest CT findings in these patients. Neither the extension nor other characteristics of shadows in the chest roentgenograms and chest CT scans were closely related to symptoms, laboratory data, or pulmonary function in these patients. Symptoms were alleviated and chest roentgenographic findings improved in 82% of the 51 patients who underwent therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage, and in 94% of the 17 patients who did not undergo that procedure. In patients who underwent therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage and also in those who recovered spontaneously, both diffusing capacity and blood gas values improved significantly. When compared to the patients who did not undergo therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage, significantly more of those who did undergo that procedure has initial PaO2 values below 60 mmHg, and fewer of them had values greater than 80 mmHg. Thus, a PaO2 below 60 mmHg may be an indication for therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with this disease. During the follow-up period (mean 5 years, range 2 months to 23 years), four patients had pneumothorax and none died of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
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PMID:[Primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis--clinical observation of 68 patients in Japan]. 747 63


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