Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven patients, aged 12 to 19 years, had atypical measles. Prodromal symptoms of fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, nausea, and vomiting were commonly followed by coryza, sore throat, conjunctivitis, photophobia, nonproductive cough, and pleuritic pain. The characteristic rash was erythematous, maculopapular, and progressed frequently to vesicular, petechial, or purpuric lesions. It initially involved palms and soles with subsequent spread to proximal extremities and the trunk, sparing the face. Six of six chest roentgenograms showed infiltrates. Findings not previously described in atypical measles included liver enzyme elevations, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, possible transmission among three siblings, and suspected cardiac involvement. Measles complement fixation titers compatible with recent infection were seen in all patients. All patients had previously received killed measles vaccine. A substantial number of persons who are older adolescents or young adults may be at risk of developing atypical measles.
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PMID:Atypical measles in adolescents and young adults. 44 83

One hundred epileptic patients were questioned about their headaches. Post-ictal headaches occurred in 51 of these patients and most commonly lasted 6-72 hours. Major seizures were more often associated with post-epileptic headaches than minor attacks. Nine patients in this series of 100 also had migraine: in eight of these nine a typical, albeit a mild, migraine attack was provoked by fits. The post-ictal headache in the 40 epileptics who did not have migraine was accompanied by vomiting in 11 cases, photophobia in 14 cases and vomiting with photophobia in 4 cases. Furthermore, post-epileptic headache was accentuated by coughing, bending and sudden head movements and relieved by sleep. It is, therefore, clear that seizures provoke a syndrome similar to the headache phase of migraine in 50% of epileptics. It is proposed that post-epileptic headache arises intracranially and is related to the vasodilatation known to follow seizures. The relationship of post-epileptic headache to migraine is discussed in the light of current ideas on migraine pathogenesis, in particular the vasodilation which accompanies Leao's spreading cortical depression.
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PMID:Post-epileptic headache and migraine. 311 78

In the two weeks immediately after the Bhopal disaster a community based survey was carried out in a series of eight exposed and two non-exposed clusters of households. The primary concern was the effect of the gas (subsequently identified as methyl isocyanate) on the eyes of the victims but data were also sought on respiratory status and the first symptoms of the exposure. No case of blindness was encountered that could be attributed to the gas. The most frequent symptoms reported were burning of the eyes, coughing, watering of the eyes, and vomiting. Among these, the frequency of cough most closely followed the rate of death in the different clusters. Although much rarer overall, the frequency of reported diarrhoea appeared to bear a stronger relation to death rates. Reports of photophobia and the clinical finding of superficial interpalpebral erosion of the cornea were more frequent where the death rates were lower. This clinical and epidemiological picture is consistent with different effects of the gas at different doses (as estimated from distance from the factory).
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PMID:Exposure and response to methyl isocyanate: results of a community based survey in Bhopal. 339 82

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a chronic illness of uncertain aetiology characterized by at least six months of debilitating fatigue and associated symptoms. The symptoms of the syndrome are all non-specific and some (but not all) are also seen in psychiatric illness. The symptomatology suggesting an organic component to the illness includes its abrupt onset with an 'infectious-like' illness, intermittent unexplained fevers, arthralgias and 'gelling' (stiffness), sore throats, cough, photophobia, night sweats, and post-exertional malaise with systemic symptoms. The illness can last for years and is associated with marked impairment of functional health status.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of chronic fatigue syndrome. 849 Nov 6

We compared the efficacy and tolerance of Azelastine nasal spray (0.14 mg in each nostril twice a day) versus Ebastine tablets (10 mg) as a single night dose in a Phase IV open, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial lasting 14 days, conducted with 63 patients diagnosed of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The symptoms assessed before and after the treatment period were: sneezing, nasal pruritus, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, conjunctival erythema, eye pruritus, eye watering, photophobia, pharyngeal pruritus and cough. Each symptom was rated by the patients according to a 4-point scale: absent: 0, mild: 1, moderate: 2, and severe: 3. The score required to be included in the study was 8 or above. In addition, the resistance of nasal fossae was assessed, before and after the treatment, by active anterior rhinomanometry, as well as the appearance of adverse events. Both drugs were equally effective both in the control of symptoms and in decreasing the airway resistance and no statistically significant differences were observed in the variables tested in both groups. We concluded that Azelastine nasal spray is a treatment as effective as Ebastine in the relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, with an excellent tolerance and minimum adverse effects.
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PMID:Investigation on the efficacy and tolerance of azelastine (HCL) nasal spray versus ebastine tablets in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 852 67

The efficacy and safety of a nasal spray containing azelastine (CAS 58581-89-8; e.g. Afluon, Allergadil, Rhinolast) in the treatment of both perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis have been evaluated in two postmarketing drug surveillance programmes (PMS) conducted in Spain. The present analysis reports on the data from a subpopulation from these studies and includes 211 children aged less than 13 years of age. In 73% of children the administered dose of azelastine was one spray puff per nostril twice daily, corresponding to the recommended daily, dosage of 0.56 mg azelastine. Patients with seasonal rhinitis were treated for a period of two weeks, those perennial rhinitis were treated for four weeks. The efficacy of the azelastine was assessed by the changes in severity of the following 10 individual symptoms of rhinitis: sneezing, nose itching, nose congestion, rhinorrhoea, smell reduction, eye itching, lachrimation, photophobia, throat itching, and coughing. Symptoms were rated according to a four-point scale: 0 = absent, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe. Both the investigators and the patients were requested to evaluate efficacy and tolerance according to a four point scale: 1 = very good, 2 = good, 3 = moderate, 4 = bad. All of the 10 clinical symptoms underwent a statistically significant and clinically relevant reduction during the treatment period. Nose itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhoea were the symptoms which completely disappeared in the highest number of patients by the end of therapy. The mean sum of all 10 symptom scores pre-treatment (baseline visit) was 11.03 while at the completion of therapy (control visit) it was 3.21. Overall, a decrease of this score was seen in 112 (98%) patients for whom complete data was available, whereas an increase was registered only in 2 (2%) cases. The mean total of the five nasal scores at the baseline visit was 7.64, and at the control visit its value measured 2.31. One hundred and twenty-one (98%) patients exhibited a decrease in the total nasal score, and only 3 (2%) demonstrated an increase. The mean total of the three ocular symptoms scores at the baseline visit was 2.25, while at the control visit its value was only 0.48. A decrease in the total ocular score was observed in 78 (62%) patients, while an increase occurred in only one patient. Overall, 85% of doctors evaluated the efficacy of the drug as "very good/good". 90% of patients did not report adverse events (AEs) during treatment with azelastine and only four patients discontinued treatment due to AEs. General tolerance was evaluated as "very good or good" by 97% of the treating physicians. Local tolerance was rated as "very good or good" by 94%. The most positive characteristics of the therapy according to the physicians were: rapid onset of action in 56% of cases, good efficacy in 46%, simple application in 44%, no sedation in 34%, and long duration of action in 22% of cases. Based upon the excellent risk-benefit assessment of this PMS, our results confirm the suitability of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in juvenile patients.
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PMID:Evaluation of the drug monitoring programme of azelastine hydrochloride nasal spray in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children under 13 years of age. 927 42

An alert and oriented 27-year-old African American woman with AIDS presented with a 10-day history of fever, cough productive of yellow sputum, nausea, and vomiting and a 1-day history of excruciating headache and photophobia. Her condition rapidly deteriorated into a coma with decorticate and then decerebrate posture, and she died 3 weeks later. There was evidence of extensive intracranial venous sinus thrombosis (ICVST), renal vein thrombosis (RVT), and multiple cerebral hemorrhagic infarcts due to a hypercoagulable state complicating AIDS-associated nephrotic syndrome. This is the first reported case of fatal ICVST and RVT with extensive cerebral hemorrhagic infarcts complicating nephrotic syndrome in a patient with AIDS.
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PMID:Intracranial venous sinus thrombosis complicating AIDS-associated nephropathy. 1272 71

Cryptococcus neoformans affections during HIV-infection are frequent and serious. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological, clinical, biological and therapeutic characteristics of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-positive patients, admitted into the Center for Tropical Diseases Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), during a 5-month period (May-September 2001). Twenty-one patients (20 men and one woman) were included (identification of C. neoformans from the cerebrospinal fluid). The mean age was 28 years. The majority of patients had been living in Ho Chi Minh City (48%). The use of drugs and unprotected sexual relations were the principal risk factors of HIV-infection. The paucity and the confusion of clinical signs and symptoms, along with a high frequency of meningitis have been analysed. Clinical presentation features included: headache (95%), emaciation (90%), oro-pharyngeal candidiasis (90%), stiff neck (80%), nausea/vomiting (70%), fever (67%), coughing (38%), diarrhoea (33%), skin lesions (5%), convulsion (5%), photophobia (5%), and hemiparesis (5%). The severity of the prognosis was mainly linked to the delay before hospitalization, to the possible association with other opportunistic infections, and to the availability of appropriate treatment.
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PMID:[Cryptococosis and HIV/AIDS: a review of 21 cases reported in the Tropical Diseases Centre, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)]. 1504 39

Migraine attacks are characterized by unilateral throbbing, pulsating headache associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia and allodynia. Peripheral sensitization is an acute, chemical-induced form of functional plasticity, which converts high-threshold nociceptors into low-threshold sensory neurons. This form of sensitization occurs when the nerve terminals (meningeal nociceptors) of the neurons of the trigeminal ganglion are soaked with the "inflammatory" soup (prostaglandin E2, bradykinin, serotonin and cytokines) along the vasculature of the cerebral dura mater. Peripheral sensitization in migraine attacks is explained clinically by intracranial hypersensitivity (the headache worsens during coughing or physical activity) and by a throbbing element in the pain of migraine (sensitized nociceptors become hyperresponsive to the otherwise innocuous and unperceived rhythmic fluctuation in intracranial pressure produced by normal arterial pulsation). The essence of central sensitization is that the second-order neurons in the trigeminocervical complex become hyperexcitable. The altered behavior of the second-order neurons is based on the increased glutamate sensistivity of the NMDA receptors and the neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity stimulated by nitric oxide. This process is explained clinically by face and scalp ollodynia and by neck stiffness (extracranial tenderness).
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PMID:[The mechanism of peripheral and central sensitization in migraine. A literature review]. 1973 14

A previously fit and well 18-year-old woman presented to the accident and emergency department following referral by her general practitioner with a provisional diagnosis of appendicitis. The history obtained from the patient revealed the presence of a bitemporal headache with associated neck stiffness, photophobia and vomiting for approximately 1.5 weeks. The patient complained of abdominal pain localised to her right iliac fossa and anorexia for approximately 1 week. She also noted the presence of a cough productive of green sputum for 3 weeks. A chest radiograph was obtained which showed a large area of consolidation in the right lower lobe consistent with infection and a linear density in keeping with a metallic foreign body. Following review of the chest radiograph, the patient was interviewed further and recalled having inhaled a pushpin approximately 1 year before her presentation. Aspiration of foreign bodies is relatively common in children and is often associated with delayed diagnosis and high morbidity. To prevent delayed diagnosis, characteristic symptoms and clinical and radiological signs of foreign body aspiration should be checked in all suspected cases and a low index of suspicion for ordering additional imaging or using bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes should be employed.
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PMID:Delayed presentation following accidental inhalation of a pushpin. 2002 18


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