Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The proposal that some naturally occurring prostaglandins (PGs) or their by-products may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the asthmatic bronchospasm has been suggested. Other PGs may be potentially useful in the treatment of this lung disease. The present investigation compared the bronchodilator effects of PGE1 and PGE2 in pharmacologically constricted experimental animals. In pentobarbital-anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs, aerosols of PGE1 and PGE2, 0.0002 to 0.2%, effectively inhibited the increases in pulmonary resistance (RL) and decreases in dynamic lung compliance (CDYN) produced by PGF2 alpha (3.0 micrograms/kg i.v.). PGE2 was found to be more effective than PGE1 in preventing RL responses to PGF2 alpha; however, both bronchodilators were equally effective vs. CDYN changes. These agents inhibited central airway constriction more than peripheral. Transient decreases in systemic arterial pressure and increases in heart rate occurred especially at the higher concentrations. In a group of trained conscious dogs, effective concentrations did not evoke adverse subjective discomfort or irritation. Higher concentrations, i.e., 1.0%, did produce coughing, breathholding, restlessness and altered patterns of breathing. In normal or sensitized guinea pigs, PGE aerosols were effective in reducing the bronchopulmonary provocation produced by histamine or specific antigen. These in vivo results suggest that aerosols of the classical PGEs are effective bronchospasmolytics in laboratory animals and that irritation may be related to concentration.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of bronchoconstriction by aerosols of prostaglandins E1 and E2. 739 72

A 61-year-old previously healthy woman had been suffering from a dry cough for several weeks. On auscultation she had a 3/6 holosystolic murmur. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed incomplete right bundle branch block (IRBBB) and abnormal repolarisation. Conventional and oesophageal echocardiography revealed a right ventricular tumour and significant coronary heart disease. At operation a tumour, arising from the interventricular septum and histologically consisting of thyroid tissue, was resected. In addition, the left mammary artery was anastomosed to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. A 34-year-old woman developed increasing exertion-independent dyspnoea. For years she had had occasional attacks of palpitations and restlessness, once even a syncope. The ECG showed IRBBB, echocardiography demonstrated a tumour attached to the right side of the interventricular septum. The tumour was removed and found histologically to consist of colloid-containing thyroid follicles. Both tumours were benign. 45 and 36 months, respectively, later both patients are free of symptoms.
 ...
PMID:[Ectopic thyroid tissue in the heart--two case reports]. 755 61

Cocaine abuse surged in the 1980s, forcing reevaluation of its previously benign image. Snorted, smoked, and injected, the drug is more widely abused than ever and, the consequences are devastating. Medical complications are frequent and range from mild (eg, cough, itching, headache) to life-threatening (eg. stroke, seizure, cardiovascular failure). Behavioral disturbances constitute the most dramatic and widespread effects of intoxication and withdrawal. Psychopathologic responses may include perceptual disturbances (eg. hallucinations) agitation, aggression, delirium, confusion, and profound delusional ideation. The goals of treatment are abstinence, rehabilitation, and relapse prevention. Hospital care may be necessary in certain circumstances. Regardless of where treatment takes place, a comprehensive program of supportive care, behavioral therapy, urine monitoring, and often psychopharmacologic intervention is required.
 ...
PMID:The treatment of cocaine abuse. 831 99

The thoracoscopy is used both for diagnosis and treatment of pleural and lung diseases. We describe our experience in managing anesthesia for such procedures, the number of which is increasing thanks to technical advances. We review 82 thoracoscopic procedures, 48 of which were video assisted. Sixty-two were performed under balanced general anesthesia (GA) with isoflurane, fentanyl and atracurium. Local anesthesia (LA) with fractionated doses of propofol and fentanyl was used in 20 cases. The mean age of patients receiving LA (63 +/- 17 years) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those receiving GA (49 +/- 13 years). ASA IV patients were given LA and sedation. Selective bronchial intubation was performed in 46 cases. Complications during surgery were severe hypoxemia (SpO2 < 85%) requiring suspension of selective lung ventilation in 8 cases, moderate hypoxemia (spO2 < 90% and > 85%) in 1 case, coughing in 3 cases and agitation in 1 case. Video-thoracoscopy is a safe technique that is less invasive than conventional thoracotomy. The number of applications is increasing, although its future place in thoracic surgery must still be determined.
 ...
PMID:[Anesthesia for thoracoscopy]. 901 4

On the day of the disaster, 641 victims were seen at St. Luke's International Hospital. Among those, five victims arrived with cardiopulmonary or respiratory arrest with marked miosis and extremely low serum cholinesterase values; two died and three recovered completely. In addition to these five critical patients, 106 patients, including four pregnant women, were hospitalized with symptoms of mild to moderate exposure. Other victims had only mild symptoms and were released after 6 hours of observation. Major signs and symptoms in victims were miosis, headache, dyspnea, nausea, ocular pain, blurred vision, vomiting, coughing, muscle weakness, and agitation. Almost all patients showed miosis and related symptoms such as headache, blurred vision, or visual darkness. Although these physical signs and symptoms disappeared within a few weeks, psychologic problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder persisted longer. Also, secondary contamination of the house staff occurred, with some sort of physical abnormality in more than 20%.
 ...
PMID:Sarin poisoning on Tokyo subway. 919 33

Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is a simple method to detect a right-to-left cardiac shunt, although standardized procedures do not exist. In this study 69 patients were tested according to predetermined criteria and procedures (cluster of > 10 microbubbles, duration between injection in the cubital vein and detection in the middle cerebral artery [MCA] < or = 10 sec). Agitated saline solution was compared to oxypolygelatine, a plasma volume expander, as contrast media. Valsalva's maneuver and coughing were used to provoke right-to-left cardiac shunting, detected by TCD, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Oxypolygelatine caused a significantly higher number of microbubbles in the right atrium and MCA than did the saline solution, leading to a greater diagnostic reliability of TCD (paired t test, p < 0.001). Coughing did not provoke right-to-left cardiac shunts (x2 analysis, p < 0.001). The technique used for carrying out Valsalva's maneuver was important for the detection of right-to-left cardiac shunts. Twenty-five right-to-left shunts were diagnosed with TCD and 18 with TTE (36 vs 26%; x2 analysis, p = 0.1). The findings indicate that TCD when properly done is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of right-to-left cardiac shunts.
 ...
PMID:Optimized transcranial Doppler technique for the diagnosis of cardiac right-to-left shunts. 923 35

Several children have day surgery under general anaesthesia and depend on adult relatives for support and postoperative care at home. This prospective review examines the post operative problems encountered by 62 such children from the time of discharge from hospital to the first outpatient visit. The children were in the age range 3 months to 12 years. The commonest complications reported were:- Pain (18.9%), Cough/Sore throat (18.9%), Fever (16.2%), Restlessness (13.5%), Vomiting (12.2%), and Sleeplessness (6.7%). Eight patients reported more than three complications each. Day case surgery should not be regarded as "Minor Surgery" under Minor Anaesthesia", rather, the concerns for safety and comfort of the patients should extend beyond the recovery room to the ward and home.
 ...
PMID:Complications following day case paediatric surgery. 947 57

The Waterhouse-Friderichsen (WFS) syndrome, also known as purpura fulminans, is described as acute hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands and is most often caused by meningococcal infection. This clinical entity is more frequently seen in the pediatric than the adult population and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The initial presenting complaints for patients with the WFS usually include a diversity of nonspecific, vague symptoms such as cough, dizziness, headache, sore throat, chills, rigors, weakness, malaise, restlessness, apprehension, myalgias, arthralgias, and fever. These symptoms are usually abrupt in their onset. Petechiae are present in approximately 50-60% of patients. The clinical diagnosis of WFS may be relatively straightforward or extremely challenging. Patients who appear in the initial and nontoxic-appearing stage without any skin lesions may be difficult to distinguish from a benign viral illness. When a patient presents with fever and petechiae, WFS must be considered, even when the patient has a non-toxic appearance. Due to the rapid progression and often devastating consequences, therapy should be instituted as soon as the diagnosis is suspected.
 ...
PMID:Rupert Waterhouse and Carl Friderichsen: adrenal apoplexy. 969 86

Plastic drapes over the patient's face during eye surgery are necessary to maintain a sterile surgical field. We found that providing the patient with adequate inspiratory gas under these surgical drapes was a problem. We now use air entrainment oxygen masks to provide this surgical patient with a high flow gas source, nearer to peak inspiratory flows than the previously used nasal cannula. The mask is powered with compressed air or, if necessary, compressed oxygen. This practice has helped eliminate restlessness, smothering sensations, coughing, and sudden movements, which can result in disastrous complications during ophthalmic microsurgical procedures. Respiratory therapists can play a key role in explaining and adapting this system for eye surgery.
 ...
PMID:Use of air entrainment masks during eye surgery. 1031 15

The effects of intravenous (i.v.) infusion of platelet-activating factor (PAF), 100 ng/kg/min for 10 min, with and without pretreatment with a selective PAF-antagonist on gastrointestinal electrical activity, arterial pressure and clinical and haematological parameters were studied. Conscious miniature pigs with electrodes implanted in the wall of the antrum pylori and small and large intestine were used. Platelet-activating factor induced restlessness or depression, shivering, tachypnoea and coughing, retching and vomiting, hypotension and a delayed and sustained increase in leucocyte count with an increase in percentage of segmented neutrophils. The PAF-antagonist, SAH 63-675, administered at 10 mg/kg intravenously, inhibited these effects. Platelet-activating factor resulted in a decrease in electrical activity in the antrum and large intestine, whereas small intestinal activity was not significantly influenced. Pretreatment with the antagonist suppressed these inhibitory effects.
 ...
PMID:Influence of platelet activating factor on gastrointestinal electrical activity and some haematological and clinical parameters in the conscious miniature pig. 1059 37


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>