Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to determine whether increased bronchial responsiveness to histamine is associated with lower respiratory tract illness (one or more episodes of wheeze or cough, or both) in infancy. Fifty four normal newborn infants who had at least one atopic parent were recruited. At a median age of 6.5 months, 45 infants, 23 with a history of lower respiratory tract illness, and 22 without, underwent pulmonary function testing during a symptom free period. The maximum flow at functional residual capacity (VmaxFRC) was calculated from partial forced expiratory flow volume curves using the squeeze technique. Bronchial responsiveness to increasing doses of histamine was assessed by determining the provoking concentration which caused a 30% decrease in VmaxFRC (PC30). The length adjusted VmaxFRC was lower for symptomatic infants before the challenge (median 125 ml/s; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 85 to 164 ml/s) compared with control infants (median 215 ml/s; 95% CI 159 to 298 ml/s). There was no significant difference in PC30 between symptomatic infants (median 10.3 g/l; 95% CI 2.8 to 23.8 g/l) and control infants (median 16.5 g/l; 95% CI 2.4 to 27.9 g/l). Bronchial responsiveness to histamine can be shown in most infants early in life and is independent of lower respiratory tract symptoms including wheezing.
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PMID:Bronchial responsiveness and lung function in infants with lower respiratory tract illness over the first six months of life. 148 24

The use of the histamine challenge test (HCT) for the diagnosis of asthma has so far been limited to older children who can perform spirometry consistently. Recently, wheeze detection by tracheal auscultation with analog recording into a tape recorder has been utilized in young children in place of spirometry. Wheezing can also be identified using computerized lung sounds analysis (LSA) by a typical pattern on spectral analysis. Our aim was to develop a practical computerized system in which the response to histamine could be identified in an objective manner and documented on hard copy. Lung sounds were recorded with a Hewlett-Packard HP 21050A contact sensor placed over the right upper anterior chest. Sounds were amplified, band-filtered (50 to 2,000 Hz), and digitized at a sampling rate of 5.5 kHz into a Macintosh SE computer, and spectral LSA was performed. To validate our method, six older children (ages 9 to 16 years) with mild or moderate asthma underwent HCT. The identification of typical wheezing pattern (discrete, high-amplitude power peaks) on LSA was compared to 20 percent fall in FEV1 (PC20) and symptoms (cough, wheeze, chest tightness). In five children, the histamine concentration required to produce the characteristic wheezing pattern on LSA was half that required to produce a 20 percent fall in FEV1. In the sixth patient, wheezing on LSA and PC20 occurred at the same histamine concentration. To determine the technique's applicability to young children, we then studied six young asthmatic children (age 2 to 5 years). All children showed the wheezing pattern at a histamine concentration of 25 percent or 50 percent (one or two steps prior) to that producing symptoms (cough, wheeze, chest tightness) or wheezing on tracheal auscultation. Six age- and sex-matched nonasthmatic children (control subjects) did not show this pattern on LSA and had no symptoms or tracheal wheeze with HCT. We describe a sensitive method enabling application of HCT to young children who are unable to perform spirometry. This method is as sensitive as, and often more sensitive than, conventional PC20 with spirometry or tracheal auscultation.
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PMID:Histamine challenge in young children using computerized lung sounds analysis. 151 98

Ninety-six children with suspected tracheobronchial foreign bodies were referred to the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, between February 1985 and February 1990. Foreign bodies were removed by rigid bronchoscopy from 63 patients, 79% of whom were under 5 years of age. The majority of patients (59%) presented more than 24 hours after aspiration of the foreign body, and this delay in definitive management was associated with an increased incidence of complications (P = 0.01). Complications occurred in 28 patients, and there was one fatality at bronchoscopy due to overwhelming aspiration of an unanticipated release of pus, following the removal of a chronically impacted foreign body. The complete classic diagnostic triad (sudden onset of coughing, wheezing and decreased air entry) was seldom present, and we recommend diagnostic bronchoscopy in children presenting with either a history of sudden choking or a witnessed aspiration of a foreign body, an unexplained acute wheeze or cough or a chronic pulmonary infection. This report also highlights the continued need for increased awareness on the part of both parents and medical practitioners of the need for early referral if a foreign body is suspected. Furthermore, public education is needed as regards the dangers of allowing young children to eat peanuts. Peanuts were the commonest foreign bodies removed.
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PMID:Tracheobronchial foreign bodies. Experience at Red Cross Children's Hospital, 1985-1990. 151 36

Three young children with Down syndrome developed fever, cough, wheezing, irritability, and tachypnea. They had bilateral infiltrates on their chest radiographs and developed respiratory distress, which required their hospitalization. Laboratory studies suggested that the children had mycoplasma pneumonia. These children may have experienced severe mycoplasma infections early in life because of their Down syndrome-associated immune abnormalities. When young children with Down syndrome develop pneumonia, physicians should consider Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the possible etiologic agent.
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PMID:Severe mycoplasma pneumonia in young children with Down syndrome. 153 77

The prevalence of bronchial asthma has been studied prospectively for the first time in Swiss children. In August 1990 approximately 4900 children were issued with questionnaires to be completed by parents. Overall response rate was 85% and data of 4156 children were available for further analysis. The 12 month period prevalence for wheeze and/or asthma was 9.1% (boys 10.2%, girls 7.8%; p = 0.005). The lifetime prevalence of wheeze in this survey was 16.5%. Overall, only 34% of those reporting wheeze also reported a history of bronchial asthma. Nighttime symptoms such as irritant cough, tightness in the chest and wheezing were reported significantly more often in households with smokers than in families without smokers (p = 0.025). Living in a metropolitan area seems to be a risk factor for asthma symptoms at night when compared with families living in the country (p = 0.005). The current prevalence of asthmatic symptoms in Swiss children is a high as reported in other countries of the northern hemisphere. Our data disclosed a substantial proportion of underdiagnosis of asthma in Swiss children. We speculate that underdiagnosis is a risk factor for undertreatment of childhood asthma.
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PMID:[Prevalence of bronchial asthma in childhood in Switzerland: significance of symptoms and diagnosis]. 153 95

To evaluate the prophylactic effect of ketotifen against the onset of asthma we selected 121 infants with atopic dermatitis, without any history suggestive of asthma (cough and/or wheezing). Sixty-one children received ketotifen twice daily. Those who weighed less than 14 kg received 0.8 mg; 14 kg or more, 1.2 mg. Sixty children, a placebo syrup indistinguishable from the active syrup. Both groups were followed for 1 year, with bimonthly evaluations. The criteria for onset of asthma were two different episodes of wheezing treated with bronchodilator drugs. Both groups were comparable regarding age, sex, weight, onset, and duration of atopic dermatitis and age at the onset of asthma. During the 1 year study, asthma was observed in eight children of the ketotifen group (13.1%) and in 25 children of the placebo group (41.6%) (P less than .001). Side effects were negligible and routine laboratory tests disclosed no significant alterations. Ketotifen is a very useful drug for prevention of asthma in children with atopic dermatitis and total IgE more than 50 IU/mL.
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PMID:Prevention of asthma by ketotifen in infants with atopic dermatitis. 154 18

A 25-year-old male chef developed symptoms of cough, wheezing, and dyspnea following repeated exposure to cooking lobster in his work environment. Skin prick tests to lobster, mixed shellfish, haddock, cod, oysters, and clams were strongly positive. Skin prick tests to other routine antigens were negative except for Alternaria fungal spores. Bronchial inhalation of aqueous lobster extract resulted in an isolated early asthmatic response.
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PMID:Occupational asthma caused by exposure to cooking lobster in the work environment: a case report. 155 32

Until recently the prevalence of asthma in Sweden was assessed to be 2-3 per cent. An increase in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis was noted among new conscripts undergoing health work-ups prior to military service with the most marked increase in northern Sweden, were 5 per cent of conscripts were reported to have asthma. In southern Sweden the prevalence remained about 2 per cent. More recent questionnaire studies in mid- and southern Sweden have reported similar rates of respiratory symptoms and use of anti-asthmatic drugs as in northern Sweden, suggesting that there may be no difference in asthma prevalence between the north and the south of the country. The exact prevalence of allergic diseases among Swedish adults is still not clear, but 40 per cent of adults in northern Sweden report that they often have wheezing in the chest, attacks of breathlessness, longstanding cough or sputum production. In questionnaire studies among children about 40 per cent of respondents have reported that they had asthma, allergic rhinitis or other type of hypersensitivity. The absence of generally accepted diagnostic criteria for asthma and allergic disorders in epidemiological studies makes comparison of prevalence difficult. It is thus not possible to be sure that the prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders in Sweden has recently increased. Risk factors for the development of asthma and allergic disorders are under study in Sweden. Several studies report an association in children between urban living and allergic disorders.
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PMID:[Asthma and allergic diseases in Sweden]. 156 Oct 71

A retrospective analysis was completed of the charts of the 1,727 patients with the diagnosis of croup seen during two years (1985 and 1986) in the Emergency Department of The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Cough (91.4%) was the most common presenting symptom. Other presenting signs and symptoms included stridor (57.5%), chest wall retraction (38%), coryza and wheezing (18.5%) and tracheal tug (15%). The majority of patients were treated on an ambulatory basis while 377 (21.7%) were admitted for further management. Inpatient treatment included racemic epinephrine (120 patients) and parenteral steroids (17). Twelve (12) patients required airway support (endotracheal intubation). No tracheotomy for tracheitis was performed during this two year period. No deaths occurred in this patient population.
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PMID:Tracheitis: outcome of 1,700 cases presenting to the emergency department during two years. 156 45

Fifty children with at least one hospital admission for acute lower airway obstruction in the first 2.5 years of life were assessed at 3 years of age to determine the relationship between atopy, bronchial responsiveness, and the pattern of their symptoms. Bronchial responsiveness was measured by assessing the effect of inhaled metacholine, using the change in transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtCO2) as an indirect measure of response. Symptom patterns were defined by the number of wheezing episodes associated with colds and the presence or absence of cough or wheeze unrelated to viral infections. Forty per cent of the children were found to be atopic by skin prick test or history. In contrast to the situation found in older children and adults, the non-atopic children had significantly greater bronchial responsiveness (lower mean concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in PtCO2, the PC20) than the atopic children and significantly more of them had an onset of respiratory symptoms in the first year of life. Cough and wheeze in the absence of colds was more frequently found in the atopic children as was the use of continuous medication. However, the number of reported acute episodes of wheeze associated with colds was the same in the two groups. The findings of the study suggest that in this hospital based group of children, acute wheeze associated with colds in the first three years of life is independent of the finding of atopy and that bronchial responsiveness in this age group may have a different pathogenesis from that in older subjects.
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PMID:Atopy, bronchial responsiveness, and symptoms in wheezy 3 year olds. 846 52


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