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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with a documented history of 2 asystolic episodes associated with venipuncture demonstrates the profound cardioinhibitory effects that vasovagal reactions to blood and injury ("blood-injury phobia") can produce. In approaching a patient with blood-injury phobia, the clinician should place the patient in the Trendelenburg position, apply a cardiac monitor, administer oxygen, and consider the need for atropine, transcutaneous pacing, and cough cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to venipuncture. Diagnosis of vasovagal syncope is discussed. Long-term prophylactic interventions may be beneficial for certain patients.
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PMID:Recurrent asystole associated with vasovagal reaction during venipuncture. 815 10

We describe two young women affected with syncopal episodes and occipital headache exacerbated by cough, sneezing, rising, or effort. MRI revealed in both patients type I Arnold-Chiari malformation. A craniospinal pressure dissociation with brainstem compression may be involved in the pathogenesis of headache and syncope.
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PMID:Hindbrain hernia headache and syncope in type I Arnold-Chiari malformation. 816 May 58

Mitral stenosis was diagnosed in 15 young to middle-aged dogs. There were 5 Newfoundlands and 4 bull terriers affected, suggesting a breed predisposition for this disorder. Clinical signs included cough, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and syncope. Soft left apical diastolic murmurs were heard only in 4 dogs, whereas 8 dogs had systolic murmurs characteristic of mitral regurgitation. Left atrial enlargement was the most prominent radiographic feature. Left-sided congestive heart failure was detected by radiographs in 11 dogs within 1 year of diagnosis. Electrocardiographic abnormalities varied among dogs and included atrial and ventricular enlargement, as well as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Abnormalities on M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms included abnormal diastolic motion of the mitral valve characterized by decreased leaflet separation, valve doming, concordant motion of the parietal mitral valve leaflet, and a decreased E-to-F slope. Increased mitral valve inflow velocities and prolonged pressure half-times were detected by Doppler echocardiography. Cardiac catheterization, performed in 8 dogs, documented a diastolic pressure gradient between the left atrial, pulmonary capillary wedge, or pulmonary artery diastolic pressures and the left ventricular diastolic pressure. Necropsy showed mitral stenosis caused by thickened, fused mitral valve leaflets in 5 dogs and a supramitral ring in another dog. The outcome in affected dogs was poor; 9 of 15 dogs were euthanatized or died by 2 1/2 years of age.
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PMID:Mitral stenosis in 15 dogs. 798 32

A rare case of cough syncope accompanied by seizure is presented. Interseizure electroencephalogram revealed in this 55-year-old man spikes and sharp waves over the bilateral temporal regions. Bronchodilators and antiepileptic medication effectively controlled cough syncope and seizure in this patient.
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PMID:Case of cough syncope with seizure. 817 73

We reported a patient with internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) who developed cough-induced transient hemiplegia. A 63-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experienced several episodes of cough-induced left hemiplegia during drinking and smoking. Selective cerebral angiography demonstrated right ICAO at the vessel origin, with 50% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery. Collateral circulation from the right external to internal carotid artery branches and through the anterior communicating artery was poorly observed on the angiograms. Right middle cerebral artery branches were well visualized on vertebral angiograms at the late phase through the posterior and anterior pericallosal arteries. Due to this collateral blood supply, the right middle cerebral artery territory formed the most distal part of the cerebral circulation and was vulnerable to a reduction of cerebral blood flow. We considered that systemic hemodynamic disturbances by identical mechanisms to those observed in cough syncope may have brought about transient ischemia in the right middle cerebral artery territory which was manifested in the patient's unusual clinical presentation of ICAO "cough hemiplegia".
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PMID:[A case of cough hemiplegia]. 825 26

Neurocardiogenic syncope is a collective term used to describe the clinical syndromes of syncope that result from inappropriate, and often excessive, autonomic reflex activity, and manifest as abnormalities in the control of vascular tone and heart rate. These include carotid sinus syndrome, vasovagal syncope, and the syndromes of cough, deglutition, and micturition syncope. Orthostatic hypotension, which, in contrast, results from a failure of autonomic reflexes, is not considered part of this family of closely related syndromes. This review will focus on vasovagal and carotid sinus syndromes.
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PMID:The clinical spectrum of neurocardiogenic syncope. 852 91

Respiratory complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease that have been reported include hoarseness, wheezing, bronchospasm, stridor, laryngitis, and chronic cough. Syncope as a manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease-induced cough has not been described in the literature. We present an unusual case of gastroesophageal reflux that resulted in frequent cough-induced syncope. Treatment ultimately consisted of a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication which resulted in sustained relief from both cough and syncope.
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PMID:Gastroesophageal reflux-induced cough syncope. 854 May 17

Bettolepsy (B) refers to episodes of fainting of abrupt onset in patients with nonspecific pulmonary diseases, occurring at the paroxysm of coughing. The authors conducted a comprehensive evaluation in 12 patients liable to B attacks, that incorporated study of the state of the vegetative nervous system, EEG, REG, ultrasonic dopplerography of major vessels of the brain, computerized tomography to the brain, echocardioscopy, roentgenography of the spinal column. The data obtained allow B episodes to be regarded as an acute disturbance in cerebral bloodflow in vascular beds of the vertebrobasilar system of transient ischemic attacks type, which fact leads to derangement in the ascending impacts of the reticular formation, and is a syncopal state.
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PMID:[Bettolepsy as a variant of transient ischemic attacks]. 863 Jul 96

The clinical and laboratory features in 62 patients with acute pulmonary embolism were analized. There were 26 males, and 36 females with mean age of 63 +/- 11 (range 37 to 90). The clinical symptoms include: dyspnea (92%), chest pain and/or chest tightness (65%), cough (50%), wheezing (29%), leg swelling (32%), hemoptysis (24%), syncope (18%), leg pain (10%). Clinical signs include: tachypnea (respiratory rate > or = 20 per minute) (79%), tachycardia (37%), deep vein thrombosis (29%), cyanosis (8%), fever (> 38.5 degrees C) (2%). The possible predisposing factors include: immobilization (18%), surgery (5%), deep vein thrombosis, ever(5%), malignancy (5%), pulmonary embolism, ever (3%). Arterial blood gas analysis (while patients breathed room air) revealed mean PH of 7.46 +/- 0.06, mean PO2 of 64.5 +/- 12.1 mmHg, mean PCO2 of 35.3 +/- 4.6 mmHg, mean Alveolar-arterial O2 difference of 36.5 +/- 16.6 mmHg. The electrocardiographic changes include; nonspecific ST-T change (61%), sinus tachycardia (20%), S1Q2T3 pattern (15%), atrial fibrillation (16%), incomplete right bundle branch block (10%), complete right bundle branch block (8%), atrial premature contraction (7%), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (2%). The chest x-ray findings include: cardiomegaly (48%), regional hypovascularity (31%), atelectasis (5%), pleural effusion (5%), wedge-shaped infiltrate (3%), elevated diaphragm (6%). Venous plethysmography was performed in 49 of 62 patients. Of these 49 patients, 28 patients revealed positive finding. Of these 28 patients with positive finding, 18 patients had clinical evidence of deep venous thrombosis. The in-hospital mortality rate was 10% (6/62).
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PMID:[Pulmonary embolism: clinical and laboratory features in 62 patients]. 904 62

History of diagnostic ultrasound begins with the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who described in 1842 the Doppler principle. 40 years later, the Curies discovered the reverse piezoelectric effect that produces ultrasound. The first ultrasonic devices were designed at the beginning of the 20th century and were used among other things for detection of submarines. Development during World War II permitted the construction of the first transcranial (1940) and extracranial (1949) ultrasound imaging units. Continuous-wave Doppler sonography was introduced in clinical practice 20 to 30 years later. Due to its high validity, this technique has become the standard method for evaluation of extracranial occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Further ultrasonic developments like duplex and color duplex sonography have increased the diagnostic possibilities but did not replace continuous-wave sonography in many European ultrasound laboratories. Transcranial ultrasound studies are performed by means of pulsed-wave Doppler or color duplex sonography. It is likely that power Doppler and transpulmonary contrast agents will further increase diagnostic confidence in neurovascular ultrasound. The search for a source of arterio-arterial embolism in case of ocular and cerebral ischemia remains the main indication for neurovascular ultrasonography. Additional indications are repetitive studies in dissection, vasospasm, endovascularly treated vascular malformations and stenoses, intracranial pressure monitoring, examination of cerebrovascular reactivity in suspicion of hemodynamic ischemia, and diagnostic work-up of cough syncope, pulsatile tinnitus and cardiac right-left shunt.
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PMID:[History of neurovascular ultrasonography]. 906 95


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