Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients for bronchoscopy were randomly allocated to two groups, one receiving 4 ml 4% lignocaine spray and a control group which was not sprayed. There were no significant differences in the incidence of cough and spasm on recovery between the groups. The findings of a double-blind study comparing patients sprayed with 0-9% saline or lignocaine showed a significantly higher incidence of spasm in the saline group.
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PMID:The value of topical lignocaine for bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia. 87 Nov 98

A 53-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation in V1-4 with ST-segment depression in the inferior leads, which suggested acute myocardial infarction. He had a cough and a slight fever without chest pain. Serum creatine kinase and its myocardial band were slightly elevated but creatine kinase value did not exceed twice the normal upper limit. Emergent coronary arteriography (CAG) revealed intact coronary arteries. The CAG in a chronic stage again revealed intact coronary arteries. Intracoronary administration of acetylcholine of 100 micrograms to the left coronary artery and 50 micrograms to the right coronary artery provoked diffuse spasm in the right and left coronary arteries. The electrocardiogram (ECG) during the right coronary artery spasm revealed ST-segment depression in the inferior leads with ST-segment elevation in V2 and V3, which resembled the ECG finding at the time of the patient's admission. With intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate, the spasm and ST-segment elevation were resolved. These findings strongly suggest that coronary spasm can cause myocardial injury indicated by a slight elevation of serum creatine kinase value.
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PMID:[A case of painless myocardial injury probably caused by coronary artery spasm]. 143 52

About 1% of infants are admitted to hospital with acute bronchiolitis; 85% of cases are caused by infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). The pathophysiological changes during the acute illness are inflammatory obstruction in the small airways with submucosal cellular infiltration, epithelial necrosis and mucous plugging; FRC increases and dynamic compliance falls. Failure to respond to bronchodilator drugs suggests that muscle spasm contributes relatively little to the airway narrowing. Affected infants become increasingly dyspnoeic and hypoxic for 3-4 days then spontaneously improve. After an attack of acute bronchiolitis up to 75% of children have recurrent lower respiratory tract symptoms, many continue to have hyperinflated lungs and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. In the majority, symptoms of cough and wheezing have subsided by the time they start school, but abnormalities of small airway function are detectable at least 13 years later. Children with a genetic predisposition to atopy do not appear to have an increased risk of developing bronchiolitis. Evidence of genetic predisposition to bronchial hyperresponsiveness in those with persistent wheezing is controversial. There is little to suggest that neonatal lung damage or an adverse home environment are important factors in determining susceptibility to post-bronchiolitis wheezing. IgE antibodies to RSV, and leukotriene C4, are found more frequently in the respiratory secretions of infants who wheeze during and after bronchiolitis than in those who do not. The possibility of viral-induced alteration of the immune response at the time of infection needs further investigation.
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PMID:Acute and long-term effects of viral bronchiolitis in infancy. 211 43

The incidence of systemic side effects under aerosolized pentamidine treatment or prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is low when compared to intravenous application. Erythema, hypotension, hypoglycemia, renal failure are infrequently seen. Local side effects--cough, bronchial spasm, metallic taste--are frequent complications of aerosolized pentamidine treatment. Cystic lung disease, pneumothorax, and atypical pneumonia may be a late sequelae of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and not a primary effect of pentamidine. Poor apical ventilation due to suboptimal inhalation technique etc. and decreased deposition of pentamidine in these areas may be of some consequence for the development of these unusual complications. Extrapulmonary pneumocystis infections under preventive pentamidine aerosol treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia have been seen in single cases, a causal relationship to pentamidine application is not yet established.
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PMID:[Unwanted drug side effects with pentamidine inhalation]. 219 33

Cricopharyngeal achalasia (CA) causes inability to swallow liquids or solids without initiating a violent coughing spasm. Etiological factors which may precipitate obstruction by cricopharyngeal spasm include neuromuscular disorders, radical oral surgery, central nervous system disease, and idiopathic disorders. Cricopharyngeal myotomy is a simple procedure which gives considerable improvement in swallowing. 2 cases with complete dysphagia who were able to swallow fluids and solids after excision of the cricopharyngeal sphincter are described.
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PMID:[Cricopharyngeal myotomy for upper esophageal achalasia]. 230 92

In developing countries, diagnoses of diseases associated with deaths in children are frequently derived from retrospective maternal interviews. To determine the validity of this methodology, and to define sensitive and specific diagnostic algorithms, we compared symptoms and signs reported by mothers using structured questionnaires, with selected physician diagnoses for 164 deaths among hospitalized children on the Philippine island of Cebu. The 164 decreased children had 256 physician diagnoses of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) (100), diarrhoeas (92), measles (48), and neonatal tetanus cases (16). Forty-three per cent of children had multiple illnesses. An algorithm for tetanus (age at death less than or equal to 30 days with convulsion or spasm) was 100% sensitive, but specificity could not be estimated due to the small number of comparison neonatal deaths. An algorithm for measles (age greater than or equal to 120 days, with rash and fever for at least three days) had 98% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Diagnosis of ALRI was more difficult, cough and dyspnoea alone yielding 86% sensitivity but low specificity, whereas prolonged cough and dyspnoea provided 93% specificity but low sensitivity (41%). Diarrhoea diagnoses based on frequent loose or liquid stools had high sensitivity (78-84%) and specificity (79%), irrespective of whether the child died with diarrhoea alone or in combination with other illnesses. However, maternal reports of moderate/severe dehydration had low specificity. We conclude that, in this setting, verbal autopsies can diagnose major illnesses contributing to death in children with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
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PMID:Validation of postmortem interviews to ascertain selected causes of death in children. 237 51

In 555 stress-induced urinary incontinent and 119 continent women patients, we studied the history, clinical and urodynamic investigations to define the hypotonic urethra and to find out important etiological factors of the low urethral closure pressure. The linear depression of the urethral pressure and the urethral closure pressure at rest--well known from literature--has been confirmed in this study. With hypotonic urethra, closure pressure values were found to be below the simple standard deviation from a norm-curve. Also, in cases of stress urinary incontinence, we found a nearly linear depression of closure pressure. The stress incontinent patients could be divided in two groups: 46% with hypotonic urethra, 54% with nearly normal closure pressure. History of former incontinence surgery, but also of other operations such as simple abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy, is correlated with low urethral closure pressure. The degree of closure pressure is correlated with shortening of the functional urethral length. The maximum closure pressure shifts distally. Women, who, despite hypotonic urethras, are continent, build up a positive closure pressure throughout a broad zone of the functional urethral length. Contrarily, in the case of incontinent patients, even a weak coughing spasm, which does not even break through the bladder sphincter in maximum closure, can cause opening of the urethra and establishment of pressure equilibration between bladder and urethra.
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PMID:[Definition and etiologic factors of hypotonic urethra in relation to urinary stress incontinence in the female]. 258 28

Complications associated with Saffan anaesthesia were recorded following 100 administrations of the anaesthetic to cats. Hyperaemia or oedema of the pinnae or forepaws was recorded in 69 per cent of administrations. Other common complications included coughing and partial laryngean spasm at intubation, cyanosis, postoperative vomiting and opisthotonus. Suggestions are made for minimising the incidence of such complications.
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PMID:Complications of saffan anaesthesia in cats. 616 Jun 74

In order to determine whether the vagal mechanism is predominant in the physiopathology of asthma, we investigated in the first part of this work. If the new vagolithic, ipratropium can improved the respiratory parameters of asthmatic patients. If the effect is complete or admits yet the supplementary effect of a betadrenergic, Fenoterol. 46 asthmatic patients were registered in some spirographic parameters, e.g. FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec.), MMFR25-75 (Maximum Mid-expiratory Flow Rate between the 25 per cent and the 75 per cent of the forced vital capacity) and FEF 200-1200 (Forced Expiratory Flow between 200 ml. and 1200 ml. of the forced vital capacity). The same registers were made 30 minutes after aerolization with 0.05 mg of Ipratropium (two shots) and 10 minutes after 60 micrograms of Fenoterol (three shots). It was found that 78.5 per cent of the patients improved one of the parameters with Ipratropium more than 20 per cent. But 58 per cent of the patients showed an additional improvement with the betadrenergic in one or more of the parameters. This shows that in many cases the physiopathology of asthma is mixed, vagal and betareceptor dependent, in which the medication with Ipratropium plus Fenoterol will obtain better results. Only in some patients the bronchial spasm is vagolithic dependent exclusively, while few others responded to betadrenergic and only 9 per cent of patients did not respond to either one. In the second part of this work we tried to verify if by anamnestic inquiry and additional use of Ipratropium and Fenoterol it is possible to recognize one group of patients with asthma produced by nonimmunologic irritant factors acting on the large airways from another group with asthma due to inhalants allergens and spasm of the small bronchi. The same 46 patients were divided in two groups: Patients who recognize that asthmatic accesses begin after exercise, laughter cold weather, cigarette smoker exposure sprays, synthetics and insecticides. This is the predominantly irritative nonimmunologic group. Patients who recognize that coughing or wheezing begins after contact either with pollen, dust or danders. This is the predominantly allergic group. We proved that patients A improve more with Ipratropium and the opposite is true with patients B. The results with the two drugs are roughly parallel to the anamnestic records.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Successive effects of a vagolitic and a betadrenergic in the differential diagnosis of nonimmunologic and allergic asthma. 623 24

The list of asthma masqueraders grows, emphasizing the need for a careful analysis of the patient suffering from cough, wheezing and/or dyspnea. The present case report describes a 23-year-old patient with spastic vocal cord adduction, initially treated as bronchial asthma. Severe disruption in her arterial blood gases was present. The vocal cord adduction persisted in spite of valium anesthesia. The patient's symptoms and signs were relieved with a tracheostomy. However, the vocal cord spasm persisted.
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PMID:Laryngeal spasm mimicking bronchial asthma. 648 28


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