Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We encountered two patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis that developed in Nagano Prefecture. Patient 1 was a 61-year-old man who had worked in warm and humid environments as painter. He was referred to our hospital because of fever, coughing and exertional dyspnea. Respiratory symptoms developed during work but were gone within in few weeks. Patient 2 was a 50-year-old housewife who was admitted to our hospital because of persistent coughing and a low-grade fever. In both patients, chest roentgenograms and computed tomograms showed bilateral, small, nodular and reticular shadows. Examination of a specimen obtained from patient 2 by transbronchial lung biopsy revealed alveolitis. In both patients, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid had low CD4/8 ratios, but in patient 1 the lymphocyte fraction was high and in patient 2 the neutrophil fraction was high. A steroid drug was given to patient 1 because of the patients symptoms and prolonged abnormal roentgenographic findings. Patient 2 reacted positively on a provocation test when returned to her house. Serum from both patients contained antibodies to Trichosporon mucoides and T. asahii. We know of no previous reports of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis that developed in Nagano prefecture.
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PMID:[Two patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Nagano Prefecture]. 936 71

In the last few years, many studies have been carried out concerning the effects of fumes from stainless steel (SS) welding on the health of welders. The respiratory effects of exposure to SS welding fumes have already been studied, but the results of lung function investigations have not been consistent. However, the main factor of risk for the welders' health seems to be related to the great concentration of chromium and nickel contained in fumes coming from SS welding. The aim of this study was to detect the chronic effects of SS welding exposure on pulmonary symptoms and ventilatory function tests. Respiratory symptoms and lung function tests were studied in 134 SS welders and 252 controls (C). Welders and controls were of similar average age, height, and duration in employment. The smoking habits of the groups were also similar. The medical questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was a version of the Medical Research Council questionnaire, modified by the British Occupational Hygiene Society. The flow-volume curves were performed with a calibrated pneumotachograph spirometer before each subject started working. After adjustment for tobacco habits, the SS welders presented a higher prevalence of bronchial irritative symptoms such as cough (P = 0.01) or sputum production (P = 0.02) than the controls. On the other hand, chronic bronchitis appeared to be significantly linked to tobacco consumption. The pulmonary function analysis underscored no significant difference between stainless steel welders and controls (forced expiratory volume in one second, observed/predicted: SS = 0.99 vs C = 0.98; maximal midexpiratory flow, observed/predicted: SS = 0.90 vs C = 0.92; maximal expiratory flow at 50 % of the forced vital capacity, observed/predicted: SS = 0.95 vs C = 0.95). On the other hand, by the mean of the two-ways analysis, a significant tobacco effect was found, without exposure or interaction of tobacco-exposure effects. There was no influence of the specific welding processes on the spirographic parameters, but a decrease in spirographic values after 25 years of welding activity was evident. The results of multiple regression indicated that age was not a confounding factor.
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PMID:Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among stainless steel welders. 953 Oct 93

Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function were studied in a cross-sectional survey of 348 Portland cement workers in Jordan. The workers were differently exposed to dust for at least 3 years. The geometric means +/- SE of respiratory cement dust concentrations were 0.5 +/- 2.1, 1.6 +/- 2.61 and 3.9 +/- 4.02 mg/m3 in the three determined levels of exposure, respectively. About 42% of the workers reported various chronic respiratory symptoms, but cough, dyspnea, and asthma were most prevalent (18.7%, 17.5% and 15.8%, respectively). The prevalence of respiratory symptoms did not tend to increase with tenure. Asthma was significantly associated with the age of 30-39 years and showed a proportionate association with exposure level. Smokers had higher rates of symptoms than non-smokers. Rates of cough, phlegm, and wheeze increased proportionally to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Overall pulmonary function indices were normal. When the independent variables were fit into a regression model, age significantly affected FEV1/FVC and current smoking affected FEF25-75%. It is concluded that inhalation of cement dust irritates the respiratory tree without markedly affecting lung function, and smoking aggravates this effect.
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PMID:Pulmonary manifestations in cement workers in Jordan. 957 67

One hundred and ninety one subjects showing histories of immediate hypersensitive response to egg white ingestion and/or positive IgE antibody titers specific for egg white were enrolled in double-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge with freeze and dried, heated or heated and ovomucoid-depleted egg white antigens. Seventy seven were male and 114 female, and their ages ranged from 11 month to 10 years 5 month; 118 of them had atopic dermatitis, seven had asthma and 33 had both atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma and 33 had urticaria. One hundred four children developed 147 positive symptoms including 131 immediate reactions and 16 non-immediate reactions by oral challenge tests. Respiratory symptoms were observed in 25 cases (17%) including cough alone in 12 cases (8.2%), and both wheezing and cough in 13 cases (8.8%). These were all observed as immediate reactions and accompanied with dermal symptoms. Frequency of respiratory symptoms correlated with specific IgE antibody titers for egg white. Heated and ovomucoid-depleted egg white was more hypoallergenic that heated or freeze and dried egg white with respect to respiratory symptoms as well as other symptoms. We concluded that respiratory symptoms were provoked through oral challenges with egg white in a part of egg-allergic children.
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PMID:[Respiratory symptoms by oral challenge tests with egg white antigens in egg-allergic children]. 978 Apr 44

Respiratory symptoms, lung function, and radiographic changes among 100 actively employed electricians in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, with 20 or more years of union membership were compared with those of 100 telephone workers. Posteroanterior chest radiographs were evaluated by two experienced chest physicians, with a third arbitrating films that were disagreed upon. Employment in a number of industrial sectors was compared for time and for time-weighted exposure to dust and fumes. Compared with telephone workers, electricians had more usual cough (odds ratio [OR] = 3.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-8.31), usual phlegm (OR = 2.44; 95% CI, 1.01-5.86), chronic phlegm (OR = 2.74; 95% CI, 1.13-6.60), and shortness of breath (OR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.10-4.67), but no differences in lung function. The prevalence of radiographic changes in both groups was low. The electricians had more radiographic changes, but only for the category "any change" was the difference statistically significant (OR = 5.2; 95% CI, 1.06-23.93). Only two electricians had small irregular opacities. Phlegm, chronic phlegm, and chest tightness were significantly associated with cumulative exposure to fumes in the gas and oil industry and to total industrial construction.
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PMID:Lung health among electricians in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 983 Jun 9

The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and chronic airflow limitation (CAFL) was determined in a multicentric epidemiological study carried out in seven different areas of Spain. Based on a target population of 236,412 persons, a random census sample of 4,035 individuals between 40 and 69 years of age was chosen. Subjects answered several questionnaires and performed spirometric tests followed by a bronchodilation test if bronchial obstruction was detected. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 48% of the population (95% CI: 46.4-49.5%) with greater frequency of symptoms among men than women (55.2% versus 41%, p < 0.001). The following levels of prevalence of chronic symptoms were found: cough, 13.5% (95% CI: 12.5-14.6%); expectoration, 10.7% (95% CI: 9.7-11.6%); dyspnea after one flight of stairs, 10.4% (95% CI: 9.5-11.4%); and wheezing, 40.2% (95% CI: 38.7-41.7%). The prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) was 4.8% (95% CI: 4.1-5.4%) and was more frequent among men than among women (8.3% and 1.4%, respectively; p < 0.001). Asthma had been diagnosed previously in 4.9% (95% CI: 4.2-5.5%), more often in women than in men (5.8% and 3.8%, respectively; p < 0.003). CAFL was found in 10.6% (95% CI: 9.6-11.5%), 15.8% in men and 5.5% in women (p < 0.001). All respiratory symptoms except asthma were more frequent among smokers than among ex-smokers, and in turn were more common among ex-smokers than non-smokers. The frequency of symptoms increased in accordance with accumulated smoking. The prevalence of CB and CAFL was vastly different from one region to another. Multivariate analysis showed that factors associated independently with the appearance of CB were smoking, age over 60 years, male sex and having worked in industry. In conclusion, respiratory symptoms, including CB and CAFL, are common in the Spanish population. Smoking and amount of smoking are directly related to the frequency of such symptoms. Substantial differences were found in the prevalence of CB and CAFL among the regions where the study was performed.
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PMID:[Epidemiological study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Spain (IBERPOC): prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation]. 1033 May 36

This article presents a synthetic study of 31 epidemiological panel investigations (published between 1987 and 1998) analyzing how air pollution and health may be related. First, the methodology of these studies is described: choice of population, exposure and health assessment, confounding factors and statistical methods. The main results are presented as follows: for pulmonary performance, respiratory symptoms and medication use per pollutant (PM10 and particles, SO2, O3, NO2). Then the interactions among pollutants or implying other environmental factors are analyzed. Most of the time, an association with particles is found, no matter the health indicator considered. An O3 effect is more often observed with lung function tests than with respiratory symptoms or medication use, the latter being linked first to particles and secondly to SO2. A NO2 effect is more rarely shown. Pulmonary performances are affected by all pollutants. Respiratory symptoms related to air pollution are mostly low respiratory symptoms and cough, particularly with particles and O3. The paper ends by discussing the interest and limits of these studies. It also emphasizes the importance of exposure assessment. Indeed, in order to improve exposure assessment, an essential step in every epidemiological study, new tools need to be developed.
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PMID:[Air pollution and health: a synthesis of longitudinal panel studies published from 1987 to 1998]. 1051 77

Epidemic dropsy is a clinical state resulting from use of edible oils adulterated with Argemone mexicana oil. Sanguinarine and dehydrosanguinarine are two major toxic alkaloids of Argemone oil, which cause widespread capillary dilatation, proliferation and increased capillary permeability. Leakage of the protein-rich plasma component into the extracellular compartment leads to the formation of oedema. The haemodynamic consequences of this vascular dilatation and permeability lead to a state of relative hypovolemia with a constant stimulus for fluid and salt conservation by the kidneys. Illness begins with gastroenteric symptoms followed by cutaneous erythema and pigmentation. Respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath and orthopnoea progressing to frank right-sided congestive cardiac failure are seen. Mild to moderate anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, mild to moderate renal azotemia, retinal haemorrhages, and glaucoma are common manifestations. There is no specific therapy. Removal of the adulterated oil and symptomatic treatment of congestive cardiac failure and respiratory symptoms, along with administration of antioxidants and multivitamins, remain the mainstay of treatment. Selective cultivation of yellow mustard, strict enforcement of the Indian Food Adulteration Act, and exemplary punishment to unscrupulous traders are the main preventive measures.
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PMID:Epidemic dropsy in India. 1062 75

Respiratory symptoms in children may be associated with underlying gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR). We reviewed the case notes of 20 children who presented to us from June 1993 to June 1994 with respiratory symptoms and GOR. The patients consisted of 16 Malays, two Chinese and two Indians with equal number of males and females. Their age at diagnosis was less than one year in 17 patients. The earliest age at presentation was at the third day of life. All patients had major respiratory manifestations i.e. recurrent wheezing, recurrent cough and pneumonia. In addition, three patients had stridor and six patients had apparent life threatening episodes (ALTE). Fourteen patients required ventilation because of respiratory failure. Diagnosis of GOR was based on clinical grounds supported by barium oesophagogram in seven patients and ultrasound examination in 11 patients. Eight patients were fundoplicated because of ALTE and recurrent severe bronchospasm. On follow up, 14 patients had hyperactive airways requiring inhaled bronchodilator and steroid therapy.
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PMID:Gastro-oesophageal reflux in children with severe respiratory symptoms--clinical spectrum and management. 1096 86

Our study proposes to evaluate the prevalence of clinical respiratory symptoms, spirometric abnormalities and allergy skin test sensitivities in two groups: on exposed to grain dust in a big traditional grain market in Casablanca and the other unexposed. The inquiry which concerned 277 exposed workers and 230 non exposed consisted of a questionnaire, spirometric examinations and skin prick testings. Exposed and no exposed groups are statically similar as far as physical data (sex, age, weight, heignt) and smoking habits. The atopy was found among 18% of the exposed. The prevalence of clinical respiratory symptomatology among exposed is 64.3% against 24.8% among non exposed. Respiratory symptoms (cough, expectoration), rhinitis, asthma, conjonctivitis, dermatitis, chronic bronchitis were significantly more frequent in those exposed than in the non exposed. Smoking is at the origin of additional morbidity. Atopy seems to be a potentiating factor as all the atopic people exposed are symptomatic. Respiratory function was altered in 37.1% of those exposed versus 12.8% of those no exposed. Among exposed workers with decline of lung function parameters 68.9% have only light anomalies. Tabacco interferes significantly in the alteration of respiratory function parameters. Work exposure to grain associated with smoking resulted in a reduction in respiratory function values. In grain workers, the prevalence of allergy skin test sensitivities of occupational allergens is 30.3% versus 6.9% among those no exposed. The enquiry in the workplace shows complete absence of means of protection for the work force and elevated levels of dust. It is imperative to implement an occupational health service and to develop means for collective and individual prevention to maximally reduce the risk.
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PMID:[Prevalence of respiratory systems and evaluation of sensitization levels in traditional grain market workers in Casablanca]. 1113 73


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