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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), also called interstitial pneumonia or fibrosing alveolitis, is a progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown origin. Two distinct forms are known which differ in course, morphologic features and cytological findings in bronchoalveolar lavage: a cellular "desquamative interstitial pneumonia" and a hypocellular and more fibrotic "usual interstitial pneumonia". The two types appear to represent different stages of the same disease. The clinical findings in IPF are dyspnoea, unproductive cough, clubbing and rales. Pulmonary function tests reveal restriction, reduced diffusion capacity and hypoxaemia during exercise. Chest X-rays show localized linear or nodular densities usually accentuated at the lung bases; in 10% of patients with IPF, chest radiography is normal. To assess the inflammatory process bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial or open lung biopsy have proven necessary. Before beginning treatment the activity of the inflammatory process and degree of lung function impairment should be established. Therapy of IPF is unspecific and its aim is to suppress alveolitis and the fibrotic process. Corticosteroids are the initial therapy. If there is no improvement after two months, immunosuppressive agents are added. Regular clinical and functional follow-up is required. Course and prognosis vary in different forms of IPF. Without treatment, median survival in the cellular form is over 10 years and in the hypocellular form between 3.2 and 5.6 years. Only 12-30% of patients respond to antiinflammatory treatment.
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PMID:[Idiopathic lung fibrosis]. 304 52

An outbreak of influenza virus type B infection occurred in Philadelphia from December, 1985, to April, 1986. During this epidemic 24 patients were admitted to Children's Hospital from whom influenza B was isolated from routine respiratory viral cultures. All were younger than 3 years of age. Clinical findings included fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) (88%), rhinorrhea (62.6%), cough (50%), otitis (50%), rhonchi (42%), vomiting (38%), diarrhea (33%), rales (21%), pharyngitis (13%) and croup (4%). Remarkably 75% of the patients had underlying diseases which may have contributed to the severity of the infection. Nine (41%) patients had pneumonia. Two patients died of respiratory failure caused by overwhelming influenza B virus infection. Patients admitted to the hospital with respiratory and underlying diseases should have viral respiratory cultures which include influenza B.
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PMID:Children hospitalized with influenza B infection. 361 69

Clinical studies were performed in 27 consecutive patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema who were transported from the mountains to Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan. The altitude of onset was 2,680 m to 3,190 m above sea level. Symptoms included marked dyspnea, cough, and stridor. Physical findings included cyanosis, tachycardia, and rales. Neurologic disturbances, which were seen in 17 patients, included headache, vomiting, memory disturbance, clouding of consciousness, or coma. Chest roentgenograms revealed patchy infiltrates throughout the pulmonary fields, often in an asymmetric pattern, and enlargement of the right ventricle. Hemodynamic studies by right cardiac catheterization showed that high-altitude pulmonary edema was noncardiogenic. Scintiscans of the lungs with technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) performed in one patient showed decreased perfusion of 99mTc-MAA in the area of infiltrates. Pulmonary edema fluid collected through the endotracheal tube in two patients was rich in protein. Computerized tomograms of the brain showed small ventricles and cisterns, disappearance of sulci, and diffuse low density of the cerebrum, indicating cerebral edema in eight of nine cases. Retinal hemorrhage and papilledema were observed in five patients.
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PMID:Clinical features of patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema in Japan. 366 94

Respiratory infections of 19 subjects of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory disease were treated with cefoperazone (CPZ) and its clinical effects were studied. Sixteen subjects suffered from respiratory tract infection and 3 subjects had pneumonia. The age of the subjects ranged from 39 to 77 years with the mean of 63.8, 7 of them being more than 70 years of age. The underlying respiratory diseases included chronic pulmonary emphysema in 6 subjects, diffuse panbronchiolitis in 3, bronchiectasis in 3, silicosis in 2 and one each of chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and old pulmonary tuberculosis. One case, 75 years of age, had renal insufficiency. The daily dose of CPZ was 4 grams in 18 of the 19 subjects and the duration of administration ranged 5 to 22 days. The remaining 1 subject received 2 g of CPZ daily for 6 days. Clinical effects were judged from the changes in fever, cough, amount of sputum, dyspnea, rales, cyanosis, chest X-ray, white blood cell counts, CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rates and results of sputum culture. Clinical effects were good in 16 subjects, fair in 1, and poor in 2. Bacteriological follow-up was carried out in 13 subjects. Infecting bacteria were eliminated from 5 subjects, reduced in 2 and, in 4 subjects, they were replaced by other bacteria. In 1 subject, P. aeruginosa was isolated from sputum even after the treatment with CPZ, and in another subject H. influenzae relapsed immediately after the cessation of the CPZ treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of cefoperazone on respiratory infections of patients of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory diseases]. 373 62

A woman gardener of 49 years of age suffered an inhalational intoxication from chlorine dioxide while bleaching dried flowers. Preparation of the bleaching solutions was associated with a sharp pungent smell, coughing, pharyngeal irritation and headache. Seven hours later increasing cough and dyspnoea led to hospitalisation. Clinical findings were tachypnoea, tachycardia, and rales of auscultation; clinical chemistry revealed marked leucocytosis. Chest X-ray did not yield any abnormal findings. Initially the vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s markedly reduced and the resistance correspondingly enhanced. Blood gas analysis showed hypoxaemia despite alveolar hyperventilation. Administration of corticosteroids resulted in significant alleviation of complaints and in improved lung function with stabilisation in a highly normal range, as confirmed by follow-up examination two years later. The chlorine dioxide intoxication had been due to pH level reduction resulting from an incorrect proportioning and handling of the individual bleaching agent components when preparing the solution.
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PMID:[Bleaching agent poisoning with sodium chlorite. The toxicology and clinical course]. 378 Apr 69

In this study, we report the case of a 48 year-old female patient showing a clinical picture after a month's evolution consisting of cough, moderate effort dyspnoea, asthenia, anorexia and loss of weight. One year before, she had been diagnosed with bronchial asthma and she had been treated for two years with policarpine collyrium for a glaucoma simplex. The exploration only showed the existence of iris synechias in the right eye and conjunctival hyperaemia on the same side, together with basal crepitant rales on auscultation. Once we had proved the existence of a peripheral eosinophilia superior to three thousand elements per mm3 and of peripheral pulmonary infiltrates with radiographic negative for pulmonary edema, the picture was included in the so-called P.I.E. syndrome whose various etiologies were discarded subsequently. Following a pharmacological survey, a study of parasites in faeces and cutaneous tests as well as provocative tests, the specific causes of P.I.E. were discarded. According to the transbronchial biopsy and the biopsies of skin, nerve and muscle, it was unlikely that the diagnosis would be granulomatosis and/or angiitis. No evidence was found of any of the affections in which P.I.E. is regarded as a minor component. In view of the above, we thought the correct diagnosis was chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, since all the characteristics defining this picture according to Carrington were fulfilled. The treatment was started with corticoids and a clear improvement of all clinical symptoms was observed, including the ocular findings and the disappearance of radiographic pulmonary infiltrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Apropos of a case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia associated with iridocyclitis and bronchial asthma]. 383 34

We present a case of Farmer's lung with antibodies to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Aspergillus fumigatus. A 56-year-old male patient with an atopic family medical history came to our hospital complaining of cough, dyspnea, fever, asthenia and anorexia. His condition worsened after being exposed to cereal powder, becoming symptomatic after 20 minutes or on occasion after 6 hours. Physical examination showed basal crepitant rales in lung auscultation. The radiograph of the thorax showed a bilateral interstitial reticulo-nodular pattern. An obstructive pattern was found on functional respiratory examination. There was also a slight restriction along with the decrease of the VC and a significant reversal of the M.M.E.F. with anticholinergics. The tests for intradermal cutaneous allergies were positive after 20 minutes and for Aspergillus fumigatus Niger and Terreus (Bencard) after 6 hours. With immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion, precipitation bands in the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus and Thermoactinomyces, were detected. IgG and IgE were high-1570 mg% and 1000 U/ml respectively. The histological study of the transbronchial biopsy showed dilatation of the alveolar septum caused by a lymphocytic infiltration with fragments of collagenous fibres. In bronchoalveolar lavage there was a predominance of lymphocytes and histiocytes. After exertion, arterial blood gases showed desaturation with hypoxemia. The static lung volumes and the flow and diffusion of carbon monoxide (CO) showed a moderate decrease of vital capacity, with the total lung capacity being below normal. Diffusion was markedly attenuated. The provocation test by indirect bronchial inhalation using cereal powder (Alfalfa) was positive. After six hours dyspnea, cough and leukocytosis appeared with an outbreak of fever and an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Farmer's lung with antibodies against Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Aspergillus fumigatus. Clinical course and treatment]. 390 94

A case of a large cell anaplastic carcinoma of the giant cell type in the lungs of a 5 year-old crossbred male Labrador is discussed. The dog was weak, depressed, febrile and markedly dyspnoeic. An intermittent moist cough and auscultable crackling rales were evident. Radiographic examination was indicative of pneumonia and pulmonic neoplasia. The dog died 36 hours after admission despite antibiotic and supportive therapy. At autopsy, the neoplasm appeared as numerous firm greyish-white nodules of varying size throughout all the lung lobes whilst in the right intermediate and diaphragmatic lobes the neoplasm was completely confluent. The microscopic features included: intra-alveolar composites of cells exhibiting considerable nuclear and cytoplasmic pleomorphism; the presence of numerous giant cells scattered throughout the tumour; the occurrence of tumour emboli within both venous and lymphatic vessels; and, metastatic foci in the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes. These features were considered to reflect a high degree of malignancy. Comparative and aetiological aspects of bronchogenic carcinomas in man and the dog are discussed.
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PMID:A pulmonary giant cell carcinoma in a dog. 407 38

After a period of 10 years the authors reexamined the respiratory health status of 381 dust-exposed males. Of the lung function values examined Raw, RV/TLC%, VC, TGV and PaO2 were found to be of significant prognostic importance. Among the radiological changes characteristic of silicosis the most serious B-C category, among the respiratory complaints dyspnoea accompanied by regular cough and expectoration, and among the physical changes extended rhonchi and rales accompanied by an emphysematous thorax are to be considered as most essential with respect to prognosis. Smoking habits significantly affected the total death rate, but did not prove to be significant with regard to respiratory death. In the development of bronchial obstruction recurrent febrile respiratory diseases proved to be more important than smoking habits and mild bronchitic complaints.
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PMID:Changes in clinical status and lung functions of patients with chronic respiratory diseases over 10 years. 643 34

Aortic stenosis is a heritable cardiac anomaly most common in German Shepherds, Boxers and Newfoundlands, and less common in Pugs, English Bulldogs, Boston Terriers, Fox Terriers, Schnauzers and Bassets. Clinical signs are associated with secondary left-sided heart failure and include coughing, moist rales, exercise intolerance, arrhythmias and a weak femoral pulse. It causes an ejection-type crescendo-decrescendo, systolic murmur best heard on the left side near the elbow. The ECG may be normal or may show signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, including an axis of less than 40 degrees, a QRS complex of greater than 60 seconds in duration, R waves greater than 3 mv in amplitude, ST segment slurring or depression, or T waves of an amplitude greater than 25% of that of R waves. A LAT radiograph usually reveals an enlarged cardiac silhouette, loss of the cranial cardiac waist, and normal pulmonary vasculature, while DV projections show an elongated cardiac silhouette, rounding of the left ventricular border, and a normal descending aorta. Nonselective angiocardiography reveals poststenotic dilatation of the aorta. Treatment of severely affected dogs involves surgical correction.
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PMID:Congenital cardiac disease in dogs. 648 69


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