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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 21-year-old man, who had suddenly developed dyspnea with sneeze, cough and nasal congestion following supper, was admitted to our hospital because of hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Physical examination revealed wheezing in all lung fields and skin flushing. He took home-made Okonomi-yaki made from flour, which had been opened few months ago, and then had been remained uncooked at room temperature. Skin prick tests showed positive for problem flour and mite, but negative for just opened control flour. Collectively, we gave his diagnosis of anaphylaxis caused by mite-contaminated Okonomi-yaki.
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PMID:[A case of anaphlaxis caused by mite-contaminated Okonomi-yaki]. 1688 95

The common cold is a viral illness that affects persons of all ages, prompting frequent use of over-the-counter and prescription medications and alternative remedies. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms (e.g., cough, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea). Dextromethorphan may be beneficial in adults with cough, but its effectiveness has not been demonstrated in children and adolescents. Codeine has not been shown to effectively treat cough caused by the common cold. Although hydrocodone is widely used and has been shown to effectively treat cough caused by other conditions, the drug has not been studied in patients with colds. Topical (intranasal) and oral nasal decongestants have been shown to relieve nasal symptoms and can be used in adolescents and adults for up to three days. Antihistamines and combination antihistamine/decongestant therapies can modestly improve symptoms in adults; however, the benefits must be weighed against potential side effects. Newer nonsedating antihistamines are ineffective against cough. Topical ipratropium, a prescription anticholinergic, relieves nasal symptoms in older children and adults. Antibiotics have not been shown to improve symptoms or shorten illness duration. Complementary and alternative therapies (i.e., Echinacea, vitamin C, and zinc) are not recommended for treating common cold symptoms; however, humidified air and fluid intake may be useful without adverse side effects. Vitamin C prophylaxis may modestly reduce the duration and severity of the common cold in the general population and may reduce the incidence of the illness in persons exposed to physical and environmental stresses.
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PMID:Treatment of the common cold. 1799 70

The Common Cold remains the most frequent symptomatic viral infection in man. Current best therapies are all symptomatic. New pharmacological therapies are likely to be prescription-bound, and as most Common Cold infections are successfully treated without the intervention of a Physician, there is a need for effective non-prescription therapy options. Aim of this study is to propose a new type of approach, based on the concept of making a hostile biological environment for virus survival and spreading at the point of infection, the nasopharynx. The hypothesis was advanced that infections could be controlled using a physical biological approach to create an environment at the point of infection, that is inhibitory to the survival, and persistence of infecting virus, and of viruses newly released from infected mucosal epithelial cells. A nasal irrigation spray, designed to deliver a low pH gel to the nasal cavity, was developed and tested in this study. The study was a randomised, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of three formulations of irrigation nasal spray in 441 subjects. The objective was to test whether the formulations reduced Cold severity and Cold duration compared to a placebo nasal spray. Subjects were recruited, and supplied with the product when healthy, and were instructed to begin treating and recording symptom severity once they experienced the "first signs" of a Common Cold. To qualify, subjects had to volunteer that they had at least one of the symptoms: sore/scratchy throat, runny nose or congested nose. The product was used 4 times daily, with at least 4 hours separating each dose, for a maximum of 7 days. Efficacy was assessed by an Interactive Voice Recall System whereby subjects were required to contact the investigation site, by telephone, twice daily when they were asked to assess the severity of their symptoms using a four point ordinal scale where 0 = "absent", and 3 = "severe". The symptoms assessed were sore throat, runny nose, blocked nose, cough and tired/run-down feeling. Two formulations demonstrated significant effects. A hydroxy methyl propyl cellulose based formulation reduced symptom severity compared with placebo by 17% and a Poloxamer based formulation reduced severity by 21%. Duration of illness was reduced with a hydroxy methyl propyl cellulose based formulation by 1.5 days to 2.4 days (according to the dose) and by a Poloxamer based formulation by 2.5 days. Results of this study suggest that the creation of a non virus-specific, inhibitory environment in the nasopharynx holds promise as an effective method of controlling the severity and duration of the Common Cold.
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PMID:Effects of creating a non-specific, virus-hostile environment in the nasopharynx on symptoms and duration of common cold. 1760 34

This article explores the home health nurse's role in preventing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among premature infants. Thousands of children infected with RSV require hospitalization each year. Consistent contact with the infant alerts the nurse to subtle signs and symptoms of RSV infection, which may include nasal congestion, cough, low-grade fever, and malaise. By developing patient and caregiver trust, the home health nurse can implement an RSV prevention plan, leading to a decrease in hospitalization episodes of premature infants with RSV. Identification of patient risk factors contributing to RSV together with caregiver education is addressed in this article.
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PMID:Preventing respiratory syncytial virus in homebound premature infants. 1766 1

Study of the chronobiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) and the chronopharmacology and chronotherapy of the medications used in their treatment began five decades ago. AR is an inflammatory disease of the upper airway tissue with hypersensitivity to specific environmental antigens, resulting in further local inflammation, vasomotor changes, and mucus hypersecretion. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal congestion, and runny and itchy nose. Approximately 25% of children and 40% of adults in USA are affected by AR during one or more seasons of the year. The manifestation and severity of AR symptoms exhibit prominent 24-h variation; in most persons they are worse overnight or early in the morning and often comprise nighttime sleep, resulting in poor daytime quality of life, compromised school and work performance, and irritability and moodiness. BA is also an inflammatory medical condition of the lower airways characterized by hypersensitivity to specific environmental antigens, resulting in greater local inflammation as well as bronchoconstriction, vasomotor change, and mucus hypersecretion. In USA an estimated 6.5 million children and 15.7 million adults have BA. The onset and worsening of BA are signaled by chest wheeze and/or croupy cough and difficult and labored breathing. Like AR, BA is primarily a nighttime medical condition. AR is treated with H1-antagonist, decongestant, and anti-inflammatory (glucocorticoid and leukotriene receptor antagonist and modifier) medications. Only H1-antagonist AR medications have been studied for their chronopharmacology and potential chronotherapy. BA is treated with some of the same medications and also theophylline and beta2-agonists. The chronopharmacology and chronotherapy of many classes of BA medications have been explored. This article reviews the rather extensive knowledge of the chronobiology of AR and BA and the chronopharmacology and chronotherapy of the various medications used in their treatment.
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PMID:Chronobiology and chronotherapy of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. 1790 Jul 48

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between air pollution and respiratory symptoms in young children. A total of 263 children at high risk of developing asthma or atopy were recruited antenatally and all respiratory symptoms experienced by the children were recorded by their parents for five years. Daily pollutant concentrations and meteorological data (ambient temperature and humidity) were collected from network monitoring sites. Logistic regression models investigating relationships between individual air pollutants and respiratory symptoms showed significant associations between Ozone (O3) (1 h and 8 h) concentrations and raised body temperature (lag 0); Carbon monoxide (CO) (8 h) and wheeze/rattle and runny/blocked nose (lag 5 and additive exposure over 5 days); Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (24 h) concentrations and cough (lag 0 and additive exposure over 5 days) and PM2.5 and visibility (BSP) (1 h) with cough (lag 0). These associations were observed even though air pollutant concentrations were below national standards throughout the study period.
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PMID:The relationship between outdoor air quality and respiratory symptoms in young children. 1792 63

Adenovirus serotypes 4 (ADV-4) and 7 (ADV-7) are important causes of febrile acute respiratory disease (ARD) in US military recruits. Previously licensed vaccines, which effectively controlled adenovirus-associated ARD, are no longer available. In the Fall of 2004 we conducted this Phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the live, oral ADV-4 and ADV-7 vaccines made by a new manufacturer to assess their safety and immunogenicity. The adenovirus vaccines were administered orally together in a single dose to thirty subjects. Twenty eight additional subjects received placebo. Subjects were then observed for 8 weeks. The most commonly reported adverse events were nasal congestion (33%), cough (33%), sore throat (27%), headache (20%), abdominal pain (17%), arthralgia (13%), nausea (13%) and diarrhea (13%). None of these rates differed significantly from placebo. The duration of vaccine virus fecal shedding was 7-21 days. Seventy three percent of vaccine recipients seroconverted to ADV-4 (GMT 23.3) while 63% seroconverted to ADV-7 (GMT 51.1) by Day 28. The new ADV-4 and ADV-7 vaccines were safe and induced a good immune response in the study population. Expanded trials for safety and efficacy are in progress.
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PMID:A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of live, oral type 4 and type 7 adenovirus vaccines in adults. 1844 11

Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a highly prevalent condition with substantial public health implications. The disease is associated with a high degree of disability, impairment of quality of life, and school and workplace absenteeism. Acute rhinosinusitis is most often precipitated by a viral upper respiratory infection or an episode of allergic rhinitis. Typical signs and symptoms include nasal congestion, purulent nasal discharge, headache, cough, and facial pain or tenderness. Diagnosis is usually based on patient history and physical examination. Specialist consultation is indicated for intractable or complicated disease, signified by signs or symptoms suggestive of orbital, intraosseous, or intracranial extension of sinus disease. Most cases of ARS in the ambulatory setting are viral. In the absence of severe or rapidly worsening symptoms, antibiotic prescription should be delayed until an appropriate surveillance period has elapsed. Symptomatic therapy is the most efficient approach for uncomplicated ARS. There is a paucity of data supporting use of commonly used symptomatic therapies, with the exception of intranasal corticosteroids, which have demonstrated rapid improvement of the symptoms of ARS and return to normal functioning when used as monotherapy or as an adjunct to antibiotics.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of acute rhinosinusitis. 1949 44

Systemic therapeutic protein delivery through the lungs could potentially replace delivery by injection, but safety needs to be established in patients with known pulmonary disease. This study determined the short-term safety profile of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH; somatropin) inhalation therapy in clinically stable adult subjects with mild to moderate asthma and methacholine sensitivity. This randomized, placebo-controlled study had two phases: (1) an escalating 3-dose, 4-day/dosage tolerance phase; and (2) a 14-day, crossover design comparability phase. Noninferiority in maintaining forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) was tested for somatropin inhalation powder (SIP) compared with subcutaneously injected rhGH (Hsc) and inhaled placebo. Lung hyperresponsiveness was assessed by methacholine bronchoprovocative challenge, and adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Eight and 18 subjects enrolled in the first and second phases, respectively. Noninferiority of SIP compared with Hsc and placebo was established for FEV(1) after the first and last doses, and noninferiority of SIP compared with Hsc for methacholine challenge was established after the first dose. Pulmonary uptake and systemic distribution of SIP was confirmed by increased serum insulin-like growth factor I levels. Mild, nonprogressive cough and nasal congestion occurred more commonly with SIP. All other treatment-emergent AEs were mild, similar across active treatment groups, and consistent with rhGH treatment. In clinically stable adults with mild to moderate asthma, no significant changes in pulmonary function or worsening of asthma complaints occurred during SIP treatment. Future studies of SIP may enroll subjects with mild to moderate asthma for longer-term evaluation of safety and efficacy.
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PMID:Short-term safety of somatropin inhalation powder in adults with mild to moderate asthma. 1954 33

Complaints of health symptoms from ambient odors have become more frequent in communities with confined animal facilities, wastewater treatment plants, and biosolids recycling operations. The most frequently reported health complaints include eye, nose, and throat irritation, headache, nausea, diarrhea, hoarseness, sore throat, cough, chest tightness, nasal congestion, palpitations, shortness of breath, stress, drowsiness, and alterations in mood. Typically, these symptoms occur at the time of exposure and remit after a short period of time. However, for sensitive individuals such as asthmatic patients, exposure to odors may induce health symptoms that persist for longer periods of time as well as aggravate existing medical conditions. A workshop was held at Duke University on April 16-17, 1998 cosponsored by Duke University, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). and National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the health effects of ambient odors. This report summarizes the conclusions from the Workshop regarding the potential mechanisms responsible for health symptoms from ambient odors. Methods for validation of health symptoms, presence of odor, and efficacy of odor management techniques are described as well.
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PMID:Potential health effects of odor from animal operations, wastewater treatment, and recycling of byproducts. 1978 32


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