Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lung cancer is the most common malignant cancer in males and it's incidence is rapidly rising in females. Factors linked to this are associated with cigarette smoking, urbanization along with atmospheric pollution. The lack of success in the treatment of lung cancer has to do with in many cases late diagnosis at the stage when surgical treatment is not possible and radio and chemotherapy being of minimal effectiveness. The WHO has proposed the following classification of lung cancer: 1. Squamous cell carcinoma; 2. Small cell carcinoma; 3. Adenocarcinoma; 4. Giant cell carcinoma; 5. Adeno-squamous cell carcinoma 6. Carcinoid. 7. Carcinoma of mucous gland. 8. Others. Early physical signs of lung cancer are: cough (50-80% of patients), dyspnea (10-15%), chest pain (15-20%), hemoptysis (20-50%), recurrent pneumonia and bronchitis (30-50%). More serious clinical signs associated with growth of the neoplasm are hoarseness, pleural effusion, vena cava superior syndrome, and Pancoast's syndrome. The growing neoplasm secrets many biochemical substances, which are them activity passed on the bloodstream or make their way into the blood as a result of degeneration of the tumor. These substances may then be detected in the patient's plasma and act as markers of malignant disease. The characteristics of these markers is varied, e.g.: hormones, enzymes and tissue antigens. Methods used in the diagnosis of lung-cancer which should be stressed, are apart from the obvious physical examination are chest x-rays, ultrasound, CAT scans, nuclear magnetic resonance, PET scans, and scintigraphy. Fine needle aspiration in changes in the peripheral regions, cytology of sputum, bronchial lavage, cytogenetic analysis. This underlines the need for prophylaxis, particularly the cessation of cigarette smoking.
 ...
PMID:[Current capabilities and procedures for diagnosing lung neoplasms]. 919 23

Primary laryngeal actinomycosis is rare. The case of a woman with diabetes that presented with a 2-month history of hoarseness and cough is reported. The literature is reviewed and the clinical features and histology of laryngeal actinomycosis are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Primary laryngeal actinomycosis]. 923 41

Tracheobronchial ruptures are rare but potentially lifethreatening events. We report on the case of a 34-year-old suicidal unrestrained car driver, who developed subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema and right-sided haematothorax following blunt thoracic trauma. Fibreoptical inspection of the tracheobronchial system revealed a rupture (approximately 2 cm in length) of the pars membranacea of the trachea ending shortly above the carina. CT-scan confirmed the diagnosis of mediastinal emphysema, tracheal rupture and, in addition, left-sided pulmonary contusion. A repair of the tracheal tear was performed by right-sided thoracotomy using a double-lumen tube. The left-sided double-lumen tube was used postoperatively to achieve respirator ventilation with low pressure on the tracheal lumen and on the suture of the tracheal tear. On the other hand, sufficient airway pressure with PEEP for the left lung showing contusion could be provided, using the endobronchial tube. The postperative course was without complications. The patient was on respiratory support for three days due to his-pulmonary contusion. Following final endoscopic control of the trachea he was discharged from the ICU one week after the trauma. The clinical and radiological signs of tracheobronchial ruptures are discussed (respiratory distress, haemoptysis, cyanosis, localised pain, hoarseness, coughing, dysphagia, stridor, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema). Fibreoptic bronchoscopy is the present gold standard for confirming the diagnosis. The surgical and anaesthesiological approach to the management of tracheobronchial ruptures is described reviewing the current literature.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnosis and therapy of tracheal rupture after blunt thoracic trauma]. 928 31

Ambulatory pH monitoring of the distal esophagus is the most accurate diagnostic study for patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The measurement of proximal esophageal acid exposure time may be useful in patients with atypical reflux symptoms. The aim of this study is to evaluate if proximal esophageal pH monitoring provides useful information beyond that learned with distal esophageal pH monitoring. We routinely performed dual-channel pH monitoring with pH electrodes positioned at 20 and 5 cm above the manometric lower esophageal sphincter from January 1992 to August 1995. All patients scored their esophageal symptoms from zero (none) to four (severe). We compared proximal esophageal reflux (PR) in patients with typical symptoms (i.e., heartburn, regurgitation) and in patients with atypical symptoms (i.e., chest pain, cough, hoarseness, and asthma). We compared symptom profiles between patients with and without PR. We reviewed our experience in patients with abnormal PR, but with a normal amount of distal esophageal reflux (DR). We studied 441 consecutive patients. There were no significant differences in PR between patients with typical and atypical symptoms. There were no differences in symptom profiles between patients with normal and abnormal PR. There were no differences of PR between the different atypical symptoms. PR did not correlate with the severity of the patient's symptoms. PR correlated well only with DR. Twenty-four patients had isolated abnormal PR, but only six patients improved with antireflux therapy. We conclude that routine ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring of the proximal esophagus appears to be of little value. The decision to offer patients an empiric trial of antireflux therapy for suspected GERD should not be based on the presence or absence of PR.
 ...
PMID:Dual-channel ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. A useful diagnostic tool? 939 98

The effects of cervical bracing on swallowing function have not been evaluated in neurologically intact individuals. An 83-year-old woman fell, striking her head, and suffered C1, odontoid, and C3 fractures. She had no neurologic deficits and was placed in a Minerva brace. Subsequently, she developed coughing during her meals, a low-grade fever, and transient hoarseness, and complained of stiffness in the facial muscles. Aspiration pneumonia in the left lower lobe was diagnosed. In the absence of any neurologic condition, this was attributed to the Minerva brace. Less than 1 week later, the brace was replaced with a halo-vest, and the dysphagia resolved. This case shows that dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia may be caused by wearing a cervical brace and illustrates the importance of assessing swallowing in individuals who wear such braces. Particular attention should be paid to swallowing and cervical bracing in patients with additional risk factors for dysphagia such as advanced age or neurologic deficits.
 ...
PMID:Dysphagia complications of the Minerva brace. 942 97

Upper airway obstruction is well described as a cause of apparent asthma. However, it can be very difficult to diagnose in young children. This 3-year-old male presented with a 1-year history of severe recurrent wheezing with six emergency room visits in the previous 5 months. Cromolyn, inhaled corticosteroids, and frequent predinisolone bursts had not controlled the wheezing. There was no history of barky cough, croup, or stridor. His physical examination was notable for marked nasal obstruction. At initial presentation, his lungs were normal with no wheezing or stridor. Soft tissue neck X-ray films suggested the presence of a subglottic mass. A large solitary papilloma was found on bronchoscopy. After surgical removal, there was no further wheezing noted by either the parents or his physicians. Laryngeal papillomatosis may mimic asthma in the absence of symptoms of hoarseness, croup, or stridor. It should be particularly considered in 2 to 4-year-old children with recurrent wheezing that is poorly responsive to aggressive therapy including oral corticosteroids.
 ...
PMID:Laryngeal papilloma presenting as steroid-dependent asthma in a 3-year-old child without recurrent stridor. 953 19

Gastroesophageal reflux may be responsible for atypical extra-esophageal symptoms, such as chest pain, dyspnea, chronic cough, or hoarseness. Prospective studies of gastroesophageal reflux have indicated reflux as the cause for chronic cough in 10 to 20% of patients. The precise mechanism by which reflux causes cough remains uncertain, although the possibility that the cough is caused by stimulation of the esophageal mucosa receptors rather than aspiration is suggestive from some studies. Prolonged esophageal pH monitoring affords an opportunity to document objective gastroesophageal reflux. Furthermore, pH monitoring gives the opportunity to correlate temporally acid reflux events with the onset of certain symptoms.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical, diagnostic and pathogenetic aspects of reflux-associated cough]. 960 88

This study investigated two schools, one of which had previous mold problems. Pupils aged 6 to 13 yr were investigated using a questionnaire on symptoms and a skin prick test. The amount of airborne (1--> 3)-beta-D-glucan was measured in the classrooms. The levels were significantly higher in the problem school than in the control school (15.3 versus 2.9 ng/m3). The extent of respiratory as well as general symptoms was higher among the pupils in the problem school. Among the atopics, the extent of symptoms of dry cough, cough with phlegm, and hoarseness was similar to the nonatopics in the control school, but significantly higher in the problem school. The results suggest that (1--> 3)-beta-D-glucan, either by itself or as an indicator of molds, is a risk indicator of airways inflammation.
 ...
PMID:Airways inflammation, atopy, and (1--> 3)-beta-D-glucan exposures in two schools. 981 26

Cervical aortic arch is a very rare anomaly presented as a pulsatile mass on the neck and usually with symptoms of dysphagia, cough and hoarseness. Rarer than the cervical aortic arch, is the aneurysm formation and, despite the equal sex distribution of cervical aortic arch, aneurysm formation always occurs in young females with only nine cases reported. We report herein a 24-year-old woman, diagnosed as cervical aortic arch with aneurysm formation due to basophilic degeneration, treated successfully with surgical intervention. To our knowledge no similar case has been reported.
 ...
PMID:Cervical aortic arch with aneurysm formation. 984 53

Medical examinations were performed in a group of 76 Polish farmers heavily exposed to grain dust during harvesting and threshing, and in a group of 63 healthy urban dwellers not exposed to organic dusts (controls). The examinations included: interview concerning the occurrence of respiratory disorders and work-related symptoms, physical examination, lung function tests, and allergological tests comprising skin prick test with 4 microbial antigens associated with grain dust and agar-gel precipitation test with 12 microbial antigens. As many as 34 farmers (44.7%) reported the occurrence of work-related symptoms during harvesting and threshing. The most common was dry cough reported by 20 individuals (26.3%). Dyspnoea was reported by 15 farmers (19.7%), tiredness by 12 (15.7%), chest tightness by 8 (10.5%), plugging of nose and hoarseness by 5 each (6. 5%). No control subjects reported these work-related symptoms. The mean spirometric values in the examined group of farmers were within the normal range, but a significant post-shift decrease of these values was observed after work with grain. The farmers showed a frequency of the positive early skin reactions to environmental allergens in the range of 10.8 - 45.5%, and a frequency of positive precipitin reactions in range of 3.9 - 40.8%. The control group responded to the majority of allergens with a significantly lower frequency of positive results compared to the farmers. The obtained results showed a high response of grain farmers to inhalant microbial allergens and indicate a potential risk of occupational respiratory diseases (such as allergic alveolitis, asthma, Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome) among this population
 ...
PMID:Effects of exposure to grain dust in Polish farmers: work-related symptoms and immunologic response to microbial antigens associated with dust. 986 Aug 17


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10