Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Perindopril 4 mg once daily was given to 40 hypertensives for 4 weeks. The results showed that systolic and diastolic blood presure were decreased by 3.2 kPa (22.2 +/- 2.21-19.0 +/- 1.92 kPa) and 1.87 kPa (13.4 +/- 1.21-11.5 +/- 1.27 kPa), respectively. The total effective rate was 80%. Serum Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme activity in 30 patients was significantly decreased from 58.5 +/- 29.5 U to 18.2 +/- 16.2 U (P < 0.01). The urine level of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in 27 patients significantly decreased from a prior level of 13.66 +/- 7.81 U.gCr-1 to 10.12 +/- 5.57 U.gCr-1 (P < 0.01). The side effects of perindopril were cough (7.5%), constipation (10%), dizziness (7.5%), flatulence (7.5%) and diarrhea (5%). We conclude that perindopril is a potent antihypertensive drug with significant prevention on hypertension-induced early renal damage.
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PMID:[Effects of perindopril on hypertension, serum angiotensin-I-converting enzyme activity and urine level of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase]. 986 22

A multinational, multicentre, randomized, prospective, parallel-group study compared treatment with ciprofloxacin administered as an oral suspension (500 mg twice daily for 7 days) with co-amoxiclav tablets (625 mg three times daily for 7 days) in patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB). A total of 147 of 165 cases treated with ciprofloxacin (89.1%) and 146 of 162 cases treated with co-amoxiclav (90.1%) were classified as being clinical successes at the primary efficacy assessment 7 days after the end of therapy (assessed as reduced cough, improvement in dyspnoea, reduction in 24-h sputum volume or reduced purulence of sputum). Treatment equivalence was statistically confirmed; treatment difference:--1.0%, 95% CI--6.6% and 4.5%. Before treatment, 128 bacterial strains were isolated from 103 patients (60 ciprofloxacin and 68 co-amoxiclav). The most commonly isolated organism was Haemophilus influenzae (60 isolates), followed by Moraxella catarrhalis (12 isolates), Streptococcus pneumoniae (11 isolates) and Staphylococcus aureus (10 isolates). At day 14, 40 of 46 ciprofloxacin-treated patients (87.0%) and 46 of 55 co-amoxiclav-treated patients (83.6%) who were valid for bacteriological analysis were classified as being bacteriological success (classed as eradication, eradication with colonization or presumed eradication; treatment difference: 3.3%, 95% CI--8.3% and 14.9%). The adverse event profile was comparable between treatment groups. Most adverse events considered possibly or probably related to study drug were related to the gastrointestinal system and were of mild or moderate severity: nausea (13% ciprofloxacin, 10.6% co-amoxiclav), flatulence (10.3% ciprofloxacin, 3.9% co-amoxiclav), abdominal pain (7.6% ciprofloxacin, 7.3% co-amoxiclav) and diarrhoea (4.3% ciprofloxacin, 6.7% co-amoxiclav). We concluded that a 7-day course of ciprofloxacin suspension is equivalent to a 7-day course of co-amoxiclav tablets in terms of clinical and bacteriological efficacy and tolerability for the treatment of AECB. Thus, ciprofloxacin suspension may offer a suitable alternative treatment for AECB patients who have difficulty in swallowing, or who prefer liquid medications to tablets.
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PMID:The efficacy and safety of a new ciprofloxacin suspension compared with co-amoxiclav tablets in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 1046 89

In a double-blind study, we investigated the effects of postoperative epidural local anaesthetic, with or without addition of epidural morphine, on postoperative pain and gastrointestinal function in patients scheduled for radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Forty patients were randomized into two study groups: 48-h postoperative epidural 0.2% bupivacaine 8 ml h(-1) (bupi group) or 48-h postoperative epidural 0.2% bupivacaine/morphine 50 microg at 4 ml h(-1) (bupi/morph group). Patients were observed for at least 96 h after surgery. No differences in pain at rest, during cough or mobilization were observed. Patients in the bupi group requested a significant greater amount of supplementary analgesics, but times to first flatus and defaecation were reduced compared with patients in the bupi/morph group. Itching was a significant problem in patients in the bupi/morph group. No differences in postoperative nausea and vomiting, mobilization or time to discharge from hospital were observed between groups. The addition of morphine to postoperative epidural bupivacaine has only limited effect on pain relief and increases time to normalization of gastrointestinal function.
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PMID:Effect of epidural bupivacaine vs combined epidural bupivacaine and morphine on gastrointestinal function and pain after major gynaecological surgery. 1187 23

In a double blind study we have investigated the effects of epidural local anaesthesia (LA), when added to general anaesthesia (GA) and postoperative paracetamol and NSAID, on postoperative pain and gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing open hysterectomy. Sixty patients were randomized into three study groups: GA, and postoperative paracetamol and NSAID (GA, n=20); GA, paracetamol, NSAID, intraoperative epidural lidocaine and 24-h postoperative epidural saline (Saline, n=20); or GA, paracetamol, NSAID, intraoperative epidural lidocaine and 24-h postoperative epidural bupivacaine (Bupi, n=20). Patients were observed for 72 h postoperatively. Pain at rest, during cough, and mobilization, request for supplementary morphine, and time to first postoperative flatus, was reduced in patients receiving 24-h postoperative epidural anaesthesia, compared with the two other groups. However, these effects of epidural LA, were not sustained beyond the period of infusion, and no differences in PONV, time to first postoperative defecation, mobilization or time to discharge from hospital were observed between groups. A 24 h postoperative epidural infusion with bupivacaine, when added to postoperative paracetamol and NSAID, reduces pain and opioid requirements, but has only limited effects on gastrointestinal function and patient recovery.
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PMID:Effect of peri- and postoperative epidural anaesthesia on pain and gastrointestinal function after abdominal hysterectomy. 1187 27

Thickening agents, such as carob bean gum or galactomannan, have been successfully administered for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in infants. To study the effect of carob bean gum on gastric emptying and to symptoms of regurgitation, we recruited 20 full term Thai infants (mean age=13.4+/-7 week; mean body weight=4943+/-1272gm) without pathological gastroesophageal reflux. Initially, we determined half time gastric emptying (T 1/2 GET) by Tc99m radioscintigraphy method (mean T 1/2 GET=116.1+/-72 min) in infants consuming standard infant cow's milk formula for 2 weeks. Afterwards, carob bean infant formula was given for 2-4 weeks and weight gain, vomiting symptoms, night cough, colic, flatus, defaecation character and T 1/2 GET were assessed. There were statistically significant improvements in symptoms of vomiting (a smaller quantity P<0.001 and frequency of vomiting P<0.0001) and improvements in weight gain per week (W1=121.2+106.9gm, W2=221.3+136.1gm; P=0.005) when infants consumed the carob bean formula. However, there was no significance difference in gastric emptying half time (GET1=116.1+72, GET2=148.5+130.9; P=0.154). In conclusion, carob bean gum, as a thickening agent, improves the clinical symptoms of regurgitating infants, but does not significantly alter the gastric emptying physiology.
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PMID:Effect of carob bean on gastric emptying time in Thai infants. 1281 Apr 10

Both dextromethorphan (DM) and IV lidocaine improve postoperative pain relief. In the present study, we evaluated the interaction of DM and IV lidocaine on pain management after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). One-hundred ASA physical status I or II patients scheduled for LC were randomized into four equal groups to receive either: (a) chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) intramuscular injection (IM) 20 mg and IV normal saline (N/S) (group C); (b) DM 40 mg IM and IV N/S (group DM); (c) CPM 20 mg IM and IV lidocaine 3 mg . kg(-1) . h(-1) (group L); or (d) DM 40 mg IM and IV lidocaine (group DM+L). All treatments were administered 30 min before skin incision. Analgesic effects were evaluated using visual analog scale pain scores at rest and during coughing, time to meperidine request, total meperidine consumption, and the time to first passage of flatus after surgery. Patients of the DM+L group exhibited the best pain relief and fastest recovery of bowel function among groups. Patients in the DM and L groups had significantly better pain relief than those in the C group. The results showed an additional effect on pain relief and a synergistic effect on recovery of bowel function when DM was combined with IV lidocaine after LC.
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PMID:The interaction effect of perioperative cotreatment with dextromethorphan and intravenous lidocaine on pain relief and recovery of bowel function after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 1567 74

We are reporting a case of a 39-year-old woman with a picture of constipation, who came to our department. Anamnesticly she claimed on constipation and flatulence for 6 days, and on slight cough for last two days, but no other symptoms. After complete diagnostic treatment we found a pleural effusion in right lung and ascites in a bowel. Cytologicly, we didn't find malignant cells in pleural effusion nor in ascites, but there was an amount of eosinophilic granulocytes in a gastric wall and a solid tumour mass near mesentery of a gut. We also found a lot of eosinophilic cells in a solid tumour mass. Other organs had no pathology. This finding indicated for eosinophilic gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Diffuse eosinophilic gastroenteropathy with pleural effusion and ascites. 1817 84

Postoperative pain continues to be inadequately managed. While opioids remain the mainstay for postoperative analgesia, their use can be associated with adverse effects, including ileus, which can prolong hospital stay. A number of studies have investigated the use of perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion for improving postoperative analgesia and enhancing recovery of bowel function. This systematic review was performed to determine the overall efficacy of intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery in patients undergoing various surgical procedures. We searched the databases of MEDLINE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library from 1966 to December 2009. We searched for randomized controlled comparisons of lidocaine infusion with placebo in the surgical setting and reporting on postoperative analgesia and other aspects of patient recovery from surgery. The quality of all included studies was assessed using the Modified Oxford Scale. Information on postoperative pain intensity and analgesic requirements was extracted from the trials and compared qualitatively. Other relevant data such as return of bowel function, length of hospital stay, intraoperative anaesthetic requirement and adverse effects were also compared. Sixteen trials were included. A total of 395 patients received intravenous lidocaine with 369 controls. In open and laparoscopic abdominal surgery, as well as in ambulatory surgery patients, intravenous perioperative infusion of lidocaine resulted in significant reductions in postoperative pain intensity and opioid consumption. Pain scores were reduced at rest and with cough or movement for up to 48 hours postoperatively. Opioid consumption was reduced by up to 85% in lidocaine-treated patients when compared with controls. Infusion of lidocaine also resulted in earlier return of bowel function, allowing for earlier rehabilitation and shorter duration of hospital stay. First flatus occurred up to 23 hours earlier, while first bowel movement occurred up to 28 hours earlier in the lidocaine-treated patients. Duration of hospital stay was reduced by an average of 1.1 days in the lidocaine-treated patients. Administration of intravenous lidocaine infusion did not result in toxicity or clinically significant adverse events. Lidocaine had no impact on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing tonsillectomy, total hip arthroplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery. In conclusion, intravenous lidocaine infusion in the perioperative period is safe and has clear advantages in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Patients receiving lidocaine infusion had lower pain scores, reduced postoperative analgesic requirements and decreased intraoperative anaesthetic requirements, as well as faster return of bowel function and decreased length of hospital stay. Further studies are needed to assess whether lidocaine has a beneficial effect in patients undergoing other types of surgery and to determine the optimum dose, timing and duration of infusion of lidocaine in this setting.
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PMID:Impact of intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. 2051 81

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) syndrome exhibits pressure- and/or sound-induced oscillopsia and vertigo due to an absence of bone overlaying the superior semicircular canal. A 33-year-old man with right-ear SCD reported dizziness in a noisy hall three years earlier followed by dizziness during flatulence, straining or coughing, and right-ear autophony. Audiography showed a right-ear low-frequency air-bone gap, with positive Tullio phenomenon and a Valsalva maneuver against closed glottis causing torsional-vertical nystagmus. Temporal-bone computed tomography (CT) led to a diagnosis of right-ear SCD syndrome. Surgical dehiscence plugging with calcium phosphate cement via the middle fossa resolved vestibular and cochlear symptoms in the more than two years since.
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PMID:[Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome treated by calcium phosphate cement canal plugging: a case report]. 2177 Mar 7

The leaves and seeds of Cassia tora (Family Caesalpinaceae) are used in the treatment of leprosy, ring worm, flatulence, colic, dyspepsia, constipation, cough, bronchitis and cardiac disorders in the Ayurvedic systems of medicine. The present study deals with the study of macroscopic characters of the leaves, ash values, extractive values, behavior on treatment with different chemical reagents and fluorescence characters under ultraviolet light. Preliminary phytochemical studies on different extractives of the leaves were also performed. These studies will help in the identification of the plant for further research.
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PMID:PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES ON THE LEAVES OF Cassia tora Linn. (FAM. CAESALPINIACEAE). 2255 96


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