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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-eight workers from a factory producing nickel-cadmium and other types of batteries came to us for medical evaluation. They included 21 women and 17 men (seniority 2-20 years, age range 31-63 years), and represented a self-selected subset of 700-900 ever-employed and 200+ recently or currently employed workers in the factory. Thirty-four worked on the nickel-cadmium assembly line. Symptoms and signs included: headache in 34; weakness, fatigue and lassitude in 26; dizziness in 16; pruritus and skin eruptions in 37; gingivitis, teeth loss and caries in 34; nasal congestion, nosebleeds and anosmia in 30; cough, phlegm production, wheezing and shortness of breath in 26; "asthma" in 14; bone pain in 18; urinary frequency, beta 2 microglobulinuria and kidney stones in 17; and sterility or multiple abortions (33) in 8 of 21 women. One additional patient had died from an "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like syndrome", while CT scans in six workers revealed brain atrophy. One other worker had leukemia, and two had died from cancer (lung and pancreas). Those who had worked for more than 10 years had more symptoms and signs than shorter-term employees, especially neurological illness, bone pain and urinary tract problems, including beta 2 microglobulinuria. Past blood and urinary cadmium levels were in the range of 1.6-8.7 micrograms/dl and 8-306 micrograms/l, respectively. Our findings indicated that: a) health risks for workers were not confined to the nickel-cadmium assembly line or to older workers, b) hazardous exposures still existed and illness appeared in new workers after a clean-up and intervention program, and c) exposures involved increased risks for renal disease and cancers. Finally, there is a need to control exposures and determine health risks in the full cohort of those ever employed, in the workers' children, and in the surrounding environment (air, ground, water) due to the dumping of waste from the plant.
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PMID:Medical findings in nickel-cadmium battery workers. 142 13

This report is an analysis of the medical records of 83 patients registered between 1960 and 1980 at Helsinki University Central Hospital as having malignant pleural mesothelioma. 65 of 83 patients had histologically confirmed malignant mesothelioma, and are the focus of this analysis. The remaining 18 (22%) patients were excluded because malignant mesothelioma was only confirmed cytologically, or because the primary tumor was not a mesothelioma. The ratio of men to women was 2:1.30 of 65 (46%) patients were not known or not likely to have been exposed to asbestos. The main symptoms at presentation were dyspnea, cough, chest pain, fatigue and weight loss. The median survival from diagnosis was 12 months, and from the onset of symptoms 18 months. Clinical stage and performance status were significant prognostic factors. Hematogenous metastases were present at autopsy in most cases. Disease and performance status therefore need to be well established and documented in clinical trials involving mesothelioma.
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PMID:Diagnosis and prognostic factors in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a retrospective analysis of sixty-five patients. 143 23

A total of 630 pulmonary tuberculosis patients newly registered with the health centres in the Republic of Korea were interviewed to determine their process of case-finding. One-quarter of the cases had a previous history of tuberculosis. About 70% of these retreatment cases had been treated for less than 1 year, indicating the importance of more thorough follow-through during treatment. Almost all of the cases had at least one standard symptom, with fatigue being most frequent, followed by cough and sputum. On developing the illness, about 40% of the cases were motivated to seek medical help after seeking advice from people other than family members such as friends or health workers. Half of the patients first went to the health centre, and one-third to a private clinic. The average time between the onset of symptoms and the initial medical consultation was 1.8 months (patient's delay). This delay is longer in the rural areas; besides location no other patient characteristics had any correlation with patient's delay. Nearly 80% of all cases were diagnosed as tuberculous within the first 2 weeks. Health centres diagnosed cases faster than private clinics and thus had a shorter doctor's delay. Mean total delay (patient's delay plus doctor's delay) was 2 months, with 80% of this being patient's delay.
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PMID:Analysis of case-finding process of tuberculosis in Korea. 147 90

To determine whether a better understanding of primary pulmonary hypertension has affected its clinical presentation, natural history, and prognosis, we retrospectively compared patients with primary pulmonary hypertension presenting to our institution during two different periods: 1962 to 1978 (group 1, n = 38) and 1979 to 1989 (group 2, n = 33). Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. Dyspnea on exertion was the most frequent presenting symptom in both groups. Fatigue, cough, dizziness, right heart failure, and cyanosis were more frequent in group 1. The electrocardiographic, radiographic, and echocardiographic findings did not differ between groups. Hemodynamic measurements revealed severe pulmonary hypertension and a normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and cardiac index; these measurements were similar in both groups. Complications related to cardiac catheterization were more frequent in group 1 (32%) than in group 2 (3%). Causes of death were comparable in both groups, the most frequent being progressive right heart failure, sudden death, and death of unknown cause. Patients from both groups received standard treatment with digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilators; however, group 2 had a higher probability of survival than group 1. We conclude that patients with pulmonary hypertension seen in more recent years tend to present at earlier stages of disease, have fewer complications during cardiac catheterization, and probably survive longer than those seen several decades ago. A clear cause for the longer survival could not be identified, although it may be partly related to earlier presentation in the course of disease.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary hypertension, then and now: 28 years of experience. 152 74

The increasing diversity of purpose-built, synthetic and biogenetically engineered pharmaceuticals has led to a revival of interest in the pharmacological possibilities for the treatment of voice disorders. Where dysphonias arise as a part of a pathophysiological process, the pharmacological treatment of either the pathology or its associated symptoms may improve dysphonic voicing patterns. The treatment of symptoms such as cough and vocal fatigue are discussed together with treatment of allergic and other causes of inflammation or stiffening of the vocal tract. The pharmacological logical treatment of dysphonia due to defective neuromuscular control in dyskinetic and dystonic conditions is also discussed. Dysphonic voicing patterns are commonly multifactorial, and the author wishes to highlight problems encountered when attempting to adjust the performance of the vocal tract: imprecise targeting of the pathophysiological problems either by the physician or by the drug employed, and the systemic and attendant side-effects of drugs which may be thought to be appropriate.
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PMID:The pharmacological treatment of voice disorders. 152 7

A rare side effect of minocycline is acute eosinophilic pneumonia. In the literature only ten cases have been reported. We report two cases of minocycline which induced (eosinophilic) alveolitis. A high fever, dry cough, dyspnoea and fatigue are the main features of the clinical picture. Peripheral blood eosinophilia and elevated total IgE content were seen in one patient. Bronchoalveolar lavage in this patient revealed eosinophilia. Transbronchial lung biopsies showed infiltration with eosinophilic granulocytes in both patients. Airway macrophages contained brown-black pigment granules. In the acute stage an important decrease in diffusion capacity was observed. The pulmonary and systemic symptoms promptly cleared up after discontinuation of minocycline. Provocation with minocycline was positive, because both patients noticed the same symptoms within one day.
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PMID:[Minocycline as a cause of acute eosinophilic pneumonia]. 153 40

Cilazapril is a new once-daily angiotensin-converting (ACE) enzyme inhibitor which has been administered to 4,500 patients with mainly mild to moderate essential hypertension in a multinational clinical research program. Sitting diastolic blood pressure was reduced by about 9 mm Hg from baseline (p less than 0.01) after 4 weeks of treatment with cilazapril 1.25-10 mg/day in double-blind placebo-controlled studies. Total responder rates to cilazapril were usually 50-60% compared with 30% to placebo. Adding hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg/day to cilazapril 5.0 mg/day increased the total responder rate from 52 to 71%. Double-blind dose titration studies for 8 weeks showed that cilazapril 2.5-5 mg/day possessed equivalent efficacy to usual therapeutic regimens of sustained release propranolol, captopril, hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol and enalapril, Cilazapril did not affect heart rate. During long-term open administration for 52 weeks, or longer, cilazapril, either alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, effectively maintained control of blood pressure. Treatment of patients with severe hypertension with cilazapril plus hydrochlorothiazide achieved a total responder rate of 73%. Adverse events were mostly observed within the first 8-16 weeks of treatment, with headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, cough and chest pain being the most frequent. Non-life-threatening angioedema, facial edema and mild hypotension occurred in less than or equal to 0.2% of patients, and orthostatic hypotension was reported in 2%. Abnormal laboratory test values were rarely found with cilazapril treatment. Of the 2.3% of patients with elevated serum creatinine, at any time point during the study and irrespective of outcome on continuation with cilazapril therapy, about two thirds had prior renal impairment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cilazapril: an overview of its efficacy and safety in hypertension. 153 34

Infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae were first described in 1985. The infection can cause common cold, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, fatigue and sometimes influenza-like illness. Examination can indicate serous otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. The course can be long and relapsing. The recommended drugs for treatment are tetracycline or erythromycin for at least two weeks. Five verified cases are described in the article, four of them with symptoms from the upper respiratory tract only. It is concluded that Chlamydia pneumoniae is a not unusual cause of upper airway diseases. Up to now the diagnosis can best be verified by micro immunofluorescence. The authors call for a rapid and reliable test for use in physician's office. It is proposed that infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae be termed TWAR.
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PMID:[TWAR infection is a common diagnosis in outpatient clinics]. 157 35

Two of three members (a 29-year-old man [case 1] and a 26-year-old woman [case 2]) of a tourist party to the tropics (Mali) developed a high fever (less than or equal to 40 degrees C), headache, cough, weight loss (less than or equal to 5 kg) and tiredness 3-4 weeks after returning to Germany. In case 1, acute schistosomiasis was tentatively diagnosed as the cause because he reported an attack of dermatitis after exposure to fresh water in an endemic schistosomiasis region and had marked eosinophilia (2118/microliters; 28%) on admission. Serological tests were positive (ELISA with adult antigen, O.D. 0.65 [normal less than 0.15]; with egg antigen O.D. 1.73 [normal less than 0.30], antibody titre in the immunofluorescence test 1:320 [normal less than 1:80]) supported the diagnosis and it was confirmed by demonstrating the parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, in stool but not urine. Findings in case 2 were similar. The third member of the group [case 3], a 58-year-old woman, was symptom-free, but tests revealed schistosomiasis. All three patients were treated with a single dose of Praziquantel (40 mg/kg). A second course of praziquantel (single dose of 40 mg/kg as well as 20 mg/kg three times daily for 3 days) became necessary in case 1, while in case 3 a further single dose of 40 mg/kg was given to ensure a parasite-free state. A follow-up scheme is suggested: clinical examination with white cell and differential counts 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment; three stool and/or urine examinations 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment.
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PMID:[Acute schistosomiasis in travellers to the tropics]. 160 Aug 68

Allergic alveolitis due to bird antigens was diagnosed in a 12-year-old boy. He suffered from cough, dyspnea, easy fatigue, anorexia, and severe weight loss. The diagnosis was verified by a gradual improvement when he was removed from the birds, exacerbation upon re-exposure, and the demonstration of serum precipitating antibodies against bird antigens. The patient recovered completely after a short course of oral prednisolone, treatment with inhaled nebulized budesonide for 3 months, and removal of the birds from his home.
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PMID:Allergic alveolitis in a 12-year-old boy: treatment with budesonide nebulizing solution. 161 53


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