Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One year after starting work in the pharmaceutical industry a 35-year-old non-atopic maintenance engineer developed attacks of sneezing, coughing and breathlessness. These occurred at home during the evening and early morning, never at work during the day. His employment involved contact with a wide variety of chemical agents including the macrolide antibiotic spiramycin. Inhalation challenge tests carried out in hospital with gradually increasing quantities of spiramycin reproduced his symptoms and led to the development of late asthmatic reactions, during which the FEV1 fell by 25% and the FEV1/FVC ratio by 15%. No change occurred in the single breath CO transfer factor nor were crepitations heard over the lung fields which remained normal on chest X-ray. The patient showed positive immediate skin prick tests to spiramycin and developed blood eosinophilia during the late asthma attacks. Inhalation of sodium cromoglycate either before, or before and hourly after the provocation challenge for 6 hr, failed to prevent the late asthma, although its onset was further delayed. On leaving the pharmaceutical industry the patient's symptoms improved but did not finally clear until his wife, who had worked in a clerical capacity in the same factory also ceased her employment.
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PMID:Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents--the macrolide antibiotic Spiramycin. 105 35

A series of 111 index subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who had forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 70% or less of that predicted were matched on the basis of age, sex, occupation, and smoking history with control subjects who had an FEV1 of 85% or more of that predicted. Index and control subjects with seasonal or reversible airway disease were excluded. Men outnumbered women by a ratio of 4.5 to 1. Thirty-five percent of the women and 2% of the men were nonsmokers (0 pack-years). There were three PiZ phenotypes in the index group (two nonsmokers) and none in the controls. PiMZ phenotypes in the index group outnumbered those in the controls by 8 to 5. Host factors that might be important in these closely matched pairs were sought by history, physical examination, and a large battery of laboratory tests. A standard respiratory questionnaire revealed the anticipated significantly higher frequency of cough, phlegm, noisy respiration, and all grades of dyspnea in index subjects. Previous lower respiratory tract infections also were more frequent in index subjects than in controls. There were no detectable differences between groups in the frequency of upper airway infections, nasal polyps, sinus surgery, or reported allergy to any substance. If the British Medical Research Council's definition of chronic bronchitis were applied to our study, about two-thirds of our index subjects and almost one-third of our controls would be considered to have chronic bronchitis. Pack-years of smoking were not significantly associated with the amount and duration of cough and expectoration in male or female index subjects or controls. Significant differences between index and control groups on physical examination included the audible forced expiratory flow time over the trachea, the estimated maximal midexpiratory flow, breath sounds, rales, and total excursion of the hemidiaphragms. An endocrine questionnaire and measurement of blood sex hormones did not give any clues as to the propensity of males to develop COPD. Women with airway obstruction similar to that of men had histories of significantly fewer pack-years than did the men, and there was a much larger proportion of women who never smoked. Further studies, specifically on genetic and immunologic characteristics, are under way to identify potential host factors.
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PMID:Host factors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in an upper Midwest rural community. Design, case selection, and clinical characteristics in a matched-pair study. 108 34

Although wheezing is believed to be a cardinal manifestation of asthma, some patients with this disorder may not present with wheezing, but rather with either exertional dyspnea or cough. In 14 such patients with dyspnea, there was peripheral airway dysfunction with markedly elevated residual volumes, frequency dependence of dynamic compliance and depressed flow rates in the middle-vital-capacity range, whereas specific conductance and one-second forced expiratory volumes were normal. Circumstantial evidence suggests that mucosal edema or mucous secretions may have been responsible. In seven patients with cough, studies revealed a more severe obstructive pattern that appeared to be the result of increased large-airway resistance, and the patients' response to isoproterenol indicated that contraction of bronchial smooth muscle may have been principally responsible. Thus, intermittent episodes of cough or breathlessness may represent variant aspects of asthmatic attacks.
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PMID:Exertional dyspnea and cough as preludes to acute attacks of bronchial asthma. 111 Jun 70

Five patients with progressive fibrotic lung disease are described. The dominant symptom was slowly increasing dyspnoea, and cough and sputum were not prominent. Marked weight loss was also a feature. There was severe restrictive impairment of ventilation with normal arterial gas tensions. The changes were confined to the upper parts of the lung in some but others had more generalized disease. The duration has varied so far from two to 17 years. The lung changes are considered to be due to dense progressive fibrosis. Necropsy in two confirmed this. Histologically there was monotonous fibrosis with lymphoid collections and secondary bronchiectasis, a picture similar to that found in association with ankylosing spondylitis. None of these patients had joint disease. Tuberculosis was excluded as a cause by exhaustive bacteriological tests and the failure of chemotherapy to stop deterioration. All other recognized types of infective and non-infective progressive lung fibrosis were also excluded, and this is not considered to be a variant of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Though these patients have many features in common they do not necessarily have the same pathogenesis. They are presented as an encouragement to further study.
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PMID:Idiopathic progressive pulmonary fibrosis. 114 36

Twenty-four 4-week-old poults, free from Mycoplasma meleagridis and M. gallisepticum, were inoculated with a velogenic viscerotropic strain of Newcastle disease virus. Clinical signs (gasping, coughing, and dyspnea) developed 4-5 days postinoculation, continued until nervous derangement appeared, and then (usually 3 days after initial clinical signs appeared) declined in severity. Prominent nervous signs were paresis and paralysis of the extremities, with pronounced head-shaking. The most constant gross lesions detected involved the airsacs. The abdominal sacs of a few poults contained a large accumulation of yellowish, cheesy exudate and there was cloudiness of the thoracic airsacs of all inoculated poults. A few turkeys had tracheitis with some catarrhal exudates and casts in the lower part of the tracheal lumen. Congestion of lepto-meningeal vessels usually correlated with the severity of the nervous signs. The histologic lesions were characterized by both degenerative and proliferative changes with predominantly mononuclear cell and heterophil infiltrations throughout the body. The obvious lesion seen in the recovery stage of the disease was proliferation of lymphofollicular nodules in the parenchymatous organs.
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PMID:Pathology of velogenic Newcastle Disease virus infection in turkeys. 116 10

1. In forty non-smoking healthy subjects and seventy-two patients with left heart diseases measurements were made of the volume expired in the first second of a forced expiration (FEV1) and the total volume expired in a forced expiration (FVC) before and after inhalation of salbutamol. Before and after salbutamol the healthy subjects and patients also inhaled maximally an inspirate, the first part of which contained 133Xe and, during controlled expiration, the radioactivity of the expirate was measured and plotted against its volume. the resulting curves were divided into phases of different slope by eye, the point at which phase 3 changed to phase 4 being nominated the closing volume. 2. In forty non-smoking healthy subjects inhalation of salbutamol was followed by significant increase in FEV1 but FVC and closing volume did not change. 3. Change in posture from seated erect to supine in thirty of these healthy subjects was accompanied by significant reduction in FEV1 and FVC and as closing volume was not significantly different in the two positions the ratio closing volume/vital capacity was increased with recumbency. 4. In seventy-two patients with left heart diseases without a history of cough or wheeze, FEV1, FVC, closing volume and the ratio closing volume/vital capacity were significantly different from values in the healthy subjects. There was no significant difference between non-smokers and ex-smokers amongst the patients. 5. Significant increase in FEV1, FVC and reduction in closing volume and the ratio closing volume/vital capacity followed inhalation of salbutamol in patients with heart diseases but the values remained significantly different from those recorded in the healthy subjects. 6. In twenty patients with heart diseases, FEV1 and FVC were reduced by change in posture from seated erect to supine but the ratio closing volume/vital capacity and the regression with age of this ratio were not significantly changed by change in position. 7. In patients with heart diseases the ratio closing volume/vital capacity was significantly correlated with severity of breathlessness and length of symptom-history but not with left ventricular end-diastolic or pulmonary vein wedge pressures.
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PMID:Airway function in healthy subjects and patients with left heart disease. 117 38

Many of the grindstones used in Nigerian homes are quarried from sandstone in a small group of villages near Kano in the extreme north of the country. Of an unselected group of 126 stonecutters from two of these villages 49 were found to have radiographic evidence of silicosis, with progressive massive fibrosis in 17. Those with silicosis had worked longer in the quarries than 77 whose radiographs showed no evidence of silicosis. Sixty-three per cent of the silicotics had respiratory symptoms, the commonest being breathlessness on moderate exertion. Cough was the earliest symptom in 42%. Only 35% had abnormal physical signs in the cardiorespiratory system, 18% had clearly reduced ventilatory capacity, and airways obstruction was evident in 16%. The prevalence of silicosis in these open-cast sandstone quarriers is unexpectedly high. This is probably explained by the intensity of exposure and the particular kind of sandstone being worked. Reduction of dust exposure in these quarries raises severe practical problems, but the inhabitants of this drought-ridden area can scarcely be expected to abandon their traditional livelihood.
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PMID:Silicosis among grindstone cutters in the north of Nigeria. 117 23

A life-threatening respiratory disease, characterized by fever, cough, dyspnoea, cyanosis and wide-spread bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, developed in a 40-year-old patient receiving intermittent methotrexate therapy for psoriasis. Blood eosinophilia accompanied the illness. A prominent feature in the clinical picture was a discrepancy between auscultatory findings and the pronounced changes in the chest X-ray. Systemic corticosteroids produced rapid improvement. It is suggested that the pulmonary syndrome represents a hypersensitivity reaction.
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PMID:Methotrexate pneumonitis in a psoriatic. 119 23

In a group of 47 patients with mediastinal granulomas, the most common clinical symptoms were cough, chest pain, dysphagia, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. The main laboratory findings were right paratracheal or hilar mass on chest roentgenogram, positive histoplasmin skin test, and caseating granuloma on histopathologic examination. Complications included fibrosing mediastinitis with superior vena cava obstruction, esophageal compression, and major upper airway compression. Treatment was usually surgical resection or evacuation of caseous contents. The prognosis in most patients with mediastinal granulomas appears to be good--long-term survival with minimal or no disability.
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PMID:Mediastinal granuloma. 119 80

53 patients suffering from chronic bronchitis were treated over various periods with Brondiletten retard. The improvement achieved in 42 patients included amelioration of the clinical symptoms cough, secretion and dyspnoea; the lessening of bronchial obstruction could be verified by spirographic analyses.
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PMID:[Therapy of chronic bronchitis]. 122 92


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