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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and radiological characteristics of 217 consecutive episodes of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia occurring in 189 adult cancer patients between November 1968 and December 1974 were analyzed. The majority of patients had acute leukemia (54%). Fever larger than or equal to 101 degrees F was the single most common symptom and sign of the presence of infection (90%). Next in frequency were crepitant rales (65%), cough (41%), dyspnea (19%) and chest pain (18%). Radiographic evidence of pneumonia was found in 83% of cases and it consisted mainly of alveolar infiltrates involving both lung fields and predominantly the bases. Up to one-third of the patients had normal chestx-ray examinations at the onset of infection, though they subsequently became abnormal in 42% of them. The majority of patients (81%) whose initial chest x-rays did not reveal the presence of pneumonia were neutropenic (less than 1000 circumlating neutrophils/mm3). Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most common infecting organisms. The overall cure rate was 61%; 70% for Klebsiella sp. infections and 64% for Pseudomonas sp. infections. Pulmonary abscesses occurred in 14% of the cases. Cures were related to the antibiotic sensitivity of the infecting organisms and to the number of circulating neutrophils during the period of infection. Best results were obtained with the administration of gentamicin, the newer aminoglycoside antibiotic sisomicin, tobramycin and amikacin, or the combination of gentamicin with carbenicillin or with cephalosporins. Early and vigorous therapy of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia with appropriate antibiotics has improved the prognosis of this infection at our institution.
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PMID:Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia in the compromised host. 32 40

A case is reported of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis in 44-year-old woman presenting with progressive exertional dyspnoea, unproductive cough and haemoptysis. The patient showed no symptoms or signs of tuberous sclerosis, a condition often found in association with pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. A pulmonary biopsy specimen showed disruption of alveolar septa and fibrosis. Subpleural lymph vessels and pulmonary venules showed cuffs of spindle-shaped cells. The leiomyomatous nature of these cells was evident from their appearance and staining reactions with light microscopy, and the presence of smooth muscle antigens as demonstrated by immunofluorescence technique. Since the lesion is not restricted to lymphatics, but can also be present in blood vessels, the condition may more appropriately be designated as pulmonary angiomyomatosis.
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PMID:Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. Demonstration of smooth muscle antigens by immunofluorescence technique. 32 67

A 40-year-old woman who had recently undergone kidney transplantation was succesfully treated for diffuse influenza virus pneumonia. The illness was acute, with rapid onset, high fever, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, crepitations and rales over both lung bases, and associated arterial hypoxemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent superimposed bacterial infection and reduction of immunosuppressive therapy to minimal dosage during the critical phase of the respiratory infection contributed to the patient's survival. An episode of graft rejection was reversed by resumption of immunosuppressive therapy at standard dosage levels.
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PMID:Influenza virus pneumonia after renal transplant. 32 48

The clinical correlations of diffuse pulmonary opacities, visible on the chest X-ray, are reviewed and the main diagnostic investigations outlined. Clinically the patients are classified into those with fever; those with no symptoms; those with cough, malaise and loss of weight, but no fever; and those with dyspnoea as the main symptom. The possible diseases giving rise to each group of manifestations are reviewed and the differential diagnosis discussed.
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PMID:Diffuse pulmonary abnormalities: clinical correlations. 35 45

Five cases of disseminated histoplasmosis complicating renal transplantation are reported. Nine previously reported cases from the literature are reviewed. In this setting disseminated histoplasmosis usually presents as a nonspecific systemic febrile illness that may be fulminant or more subacute. Five of 14 patients presented with skin lesions; only one patient presented with primary pulmonary symptoms of cough and dyspnea. Three of our patients and three others previously reported on survived the infection and maintained good function in the transplanted kidney despite prolonged therapy with amphotericin B. Immunosuppression was the only predisposing factor that could be identified with certainty in the five patients reported on herein. However, in two of the five patients the onset of disseminated histoplasmosis coincided with a well documented cytomegalovirus infection; the viral infection may have been a factor predisposing to infection in these two cases.
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PMID:Disseminated histoplasmosis in renal transplant recipients. 37 9

A 32-year-old man with a long history of grand mal seizures but otherwise good health had recurrent episodes of postictal pulmonary edema when he failed to take anticonvulsant medication regularly. This case illustrates most of the features observed in other reported cases of postictal pulmonary edema. Symptoms include dyspnea and cough with production of various quantities of mucoid fluid that may be copious and frankly hemorrhagic. Blood pressure is normal, and temperature may be normal also but is frequently elevated to 100 or 101 F. No cardiac irregularities are heard on auscultation, and the ECG is often normal, but a wide range of abnormalities may be seen. Considerable arterial hypoxemia may occur, and leukocytosis (11,000 to 14,000 cells per cubic millimeter) is common. Rales and rhonchi are audible, and chest films often show bilateral upper and middle lobe infiltrates. The patient is usually clinically improved within 24 hours and the pulmonary edema completely cleared in three to five days.
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PMID:Case report: Recurrent postictal pulmonary edema. 41 95

Varicella pneumonia during pregnancy may be relatively mild or rapidly fatal. Diagnosis is based on the usual criteria for varicella in association with signs and symptoms of respiratory distress: dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis, with characteristic x-ray findings. Treatment should be directed toward maintaining blood oxygen saturation at as near normal as possible (monitored by serial blood gas determinations). The occurrence of congenital varicella is unpredictable, but an infant born within four days of the mother's development of the varicella skin rash is at high risk, with the outcome being fatal in five percent of cases.
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PMID:Varicella pneumonia during pregnancy. 42 71

To determine the long-term effects of farmer's lung disease and the factors influening the outcome, 141 patients with farmer's lung disease were evaluated. At the time of the last follow-up, 29 patients had died and 92 (mean age, 54 years) were studied clinically, physiologically, and radiologically. The mean length of disease was 14.8 years (range, 2.25 to 40 years). Symptoms at the time of the last follow-up included complaints of cough (33 per cent of the patients), breathlessness while walking on the level (20 per cent), breathlessness on minor exertion (14 per cent), and breathlessness while at rest (3 per cent). Twenty-eight per cent had chronic bronchitis. Thirty-nine per cent (36 of 92 patients) had some evidence of interstitial changes on roentgenogram. Abnormal vital capacity was present in 11 patients (12 per cent), abnormal total lung capacity in 11 (12 per cent), and abnormal CO difussing capacity in 27 (30 per cent). The ratio of one-sec forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity was abnormal in 23 patients (25 per cent), and arterial PO2 was abnormal in 39 (40 per cent). Patients with a history of 5 or more symptomatic recurrences had significantly smaller values (P less than 0.05) for vital capacity, total lung capacity, and CO diffusing capacity than did those patients with less than 5 recurrences. There was no significant relation between continued farming or length of disease and lung function. On the basis of several measurements of airway function, 34 of the patients (58 per cent) were found to have some abnormality, It is concluded that symptomatic recurrences may be the most important factor in determining the danger of progressive disease. Persistently positive precipitins were correlated with decreased CO diffusing capacity. Moreover, airway disease is relatively uncommon but does occur, and in some cases it is a possible consequence of farmer's lung disease.
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PMID:Farmer's lung disease: long-term clinical and physiologic outcome. 43 91

A review of the medical records of 123 persons with Legionnaires' disease hospitalized in the 1976 Philadelphia epidemic showed that the manifestations of infection ranged from mild grippe to a severe pneumonia that also involved other organ systems. Early in the illness, constitutional symptoms predominated. Fever, malaise, myalgia, rigors, confusion, headache, and diarrhea were usually followed by nonproductive cough and dyspnea. Physical examination showed few abnormalities other than rales. Moderate leukocytosis with left shift, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, elevation of serum levels of liver enzymes, and hematuria and proteinuria were characteristic. Chest radiograph showed patchy, often nodular, areas of consolidation. Progression of pneumonia led to respiratory failure and the need for mechanical ventilatory assistance for 19 patients; renal failure, primarily after shock, occurred in 18 persons. Twenty-six patients died. Treatment with erythromycin or tetracycline resulted in the lowest case-fatality ratios, but the associations were not statistically significant.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease: clinical features of the epidemic in Philadelphia. 43 27

Ten patients developed pulmonary fibrosis after bischloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) therapy for malignancy. This was lethal in seven patients, four of whom had no evidence of tumor at autopsy. Presenting symptoms were either the insidious onset of cough and dyspnea or the sudden onset of respiratory failure. Physical findings were unremarkable. Chest roentgenogram usually showed interstitial infiltrates. Pulmonary function studies showed resting hypoxia with diffusion and restrictive defects. This complication of therapy does not appear to be dose related and may be made more likely by the concomitant administration of cyclophosphamide. Prednisone therapy did not benefit most patients. The literature and the implications of the use of BCNU alone or in combination are reviewed.
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PMID:Pulmonary toxicity associated with bischloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU). 44 51


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