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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Horses suffer from a respiratory condition, similar to human allergic asthma, that is characterized by severe dyspnea, wheezing, coughing, and mucus production. Mediator substances released during the allergic reaction may contract airways and pulmonary vasculature. Nothing is known of the effects of autacoids and other vasoactive substances on equine pulmonary vessels. Therefore, spiral strips of equine pulmonary vein were prepared in vitro and the effects of histamine (H), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), bradykinin (BK), carbachol (Carb), and phenylephrine (phen) were studied. The order of contractile effectiveness for the agonists on the vein was found to be 5HT greater than H greater than Bk greater than Phen greater than Carb, although H consistently produced the greatest maximal effects. H1-receptors appeared to mediate H contractions while H2-receptors had no measurable effect. 5HT responses were mediated directly by 'D-type' smooth muscle receptors. Bk produced contractions but of a lesser magnitude than either H or 5HT. Varying degrees of tachyphylaxis were observed for each agent. alpha-Adrenergic receptor stimulation by Phen initiated low-magnitude contractions whereas Carb exhibited virtually no activity on the pulmonary vein. Contractile responses of pulmonary veins to various spasmogens may contribute to the equine asthmatic response by raising vascular hydrostatic pressure, thereby enhancing edema formation.
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PMID:Pharmacological studies on the pulmonary vein of the horse. I. Effects of selected spasmogens. 3 May 26

The authors studied the action of Pneumorel retard tablets in the treatment of chronic bronchitis, comparing 2 groups of 20 patients each, one group was prescribed 1 pneumorel retard tablet in the morning and evening and the other group was treated with a speciality associating proteolytic enzymes and balsamics; the 2 groups also received an antibiotic treatment. The duration of the treatments was 20 days, with controls at entry, 10 days and 20 days later. Pneumorel retard showed to be significantly more active on the criteria studied (cough, dyspnea, expectoration, signs of auscultation) and this more often than not from the 10th day of treatment. Clinical and biological tolerance was perfect concerning the hepatic sphere, gastrointestinal, renal or cardiovascular systems. The convenience of the use of Pneumorel retard is particularly indicated in the thorough long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis, in preventing episodes of over-infection, worsening the disease.
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PMID:[A controlled clinical study of Pneumorel Retard tablets in the treatment of chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. 3 45

Thirty-six asthmatic children received placebo and cromolyn sodium, a new drug, in a double-blind crossover study; the majority were not using corticosteroids. Significant decreases in wheezing, breathlessness at rest, and cough occurred when the active drug was compared to placebo. Marked preference for cromolyn over placebo was expressed at the end of the study. Our results agree with previous reports on the effectiveness of cromolyn sodium. We found this drug to be especially useful as an adjunct to other treatment in the control of asthmatic children.
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PMID:Cromolyn sodium in the treatment of asthma: its effectiveness and use. 5 14

There were two cases of fatal interstitial pneumonia secondary to bleomycin sulfate administration. Although bleomycin pulmonary toxicity is generally thought to be dose-related and occurs infrequently with a total cummulative dose less than 300 to 400 units, the two reactions reported here occurred with doses of 105 and 165 units. Fatal bleomycin-induced pneumonia has been previously reported at these low dosages, and physicians should be aware that this toxic reaction may occur as an idiosyncratic response. Previous thoracic irradiation may be a predisposing factor. Patients receiving bleomycin should be meticulously monitored by interrogation for cough, dyspnea, and chest pain; by auscultation for rales; by serial chest roentgenograms; and by determinations of vital capacity and single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity.
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PMID:Fatal pulmonary reaction from low doses of bleomycin. An idiosyncratic tissue response. 5 5

Selected workers exhibiting clinical "sensitivity" to toluene diiosocyanate (TDI) (wheezing, cough, and dyspnea upon entering a TDI-containing area) were studied for : (1) in vitro TDI-induced leukocyte histamine release; (2) determination of cyclic 3',5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels of lymphocytes exposed to TDI; (3) effect of TDI on the isoproterenol-induced increase of lymphocyte cAMP levels: and (4) acetyl-beta-methylcholine (mecholyl) inhalation challenge. TDI did not induce histamine release from leukocytes of "sensitive" or "nonsensitive" individuals, nor were lymphocyte cAMP levels affected by in vitro TDI exposure, TDI did, however, diminish in vitro stimulation of cAMP by isoproterenol. This effect, seen with cells of "sensitive" and "nonsensitive" individuals, appeared to be dose-dependent; there were no significant differences between the two groups. When challenged with mecholyl, 7 of 10 "sensitive" but only 1 of 10 "nonsensitive" individuals showed a greater than 20% decrease in FEV1. These results suggest that TDI-induced obstructive airways disorders may be associated with altered beta-adrenergic function.
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PMID:Toluene diisocyanate pulmonary disease: immunopharmacologic and mecholyl challenge studies. 6 73

St Christophers' Hospice near London is now internationally known as a special centre for the care of terminally ill patients. In these cases, the relief of symptoms is paramount, and prominent among those symptoms is pain. Such pain can almost always be relieved without euphoria or lessening of consciousness. More than 60% of patients admitted to St Christopher's complain of pain, and the scheme of management outlined below results in substantial or complete relief of pain in all of them. Addiction does not occur when control of the patient's pain is part of the pattern of total care. The author considers management of pain of varying severity, together with associated symptoms such as vomiting, anorexia, dry mouth and hiccup, dyspnoea, cough, anxiety and depression, insomnia, constipation and diarrhoea.
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PMID:Drug control of common symptoms in the terminally ill patient. 6 49

WRL 105 strain live influenza vaccine or placebo was given to patients with chronic bronchitis in a double-blind study. The twenty-one vaccinated and twenty-three placebo-treated patients made daily self-assessments of the severity of symptoms of cough, breathlessness, tightness, wheeze, and sputum production in the following 20 weeks. Symptom scores in the first 2 weeks after vaccination or treatment with placebo were used to calculate a baseline range for each patient. Comparison of symptoms in the two groups in the baseline period showed that symptoms were more often reported by vaccinated than by placebo-treated patients but the differences were not statistically significant. One patient who responded serologically to vaccination had a moderately severe influenzal illness starting on the day after vaccination. Comparison of symptom scores during the 18-week surveillance period with baseline values showed that symptoms of breathlessness, tightness, wheeze and cough were significantly more common in vaccinated than in placebo-treated patients and that antibiotic usage was more common in the vaccinated group.
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PMID:Longer term effects of live influenza vaccine in patients with chronic pulmonary disease. 6 83

A patient with psoriasis was treated with methotrexate (MTX) orally once a week. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrations, hilar- and peripheral adenopathy with granulomas, cough, fever and dyspnoea developed after 10 months of treatment. Similar symptoms in patients receiving MTX have been described by others. The clinical symptoms cleared after MTX was withdrawn. However, the radiographic changes persisted long after the symptoms had resolved. The possibility of sarcoidosis incidentally developing during the MTX treatment is discussed.
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PMID:Pulmonary disease complicating intermittent methotrexate therapy of psoriasis. 9 77

Two patients had diffuse, reversible pulmonary injury possibly owing to gold sodium thiomalate treatment: a 32-year-old woman with chronic inflammatory arthritis compatible with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and a 32-year-old man with shoulder arthralgia. The patients had received 420 mg and 325 mg of gold sodium thiomalate, respectively. Cough and dyspnea began in the seventh and fifth weeks of therapy, respectively. In both patients x-ray study showed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, with no evidence of pleural disease. The woman had no other manifestations of hypersensitivity to gold. The man had exfoliative dermatitis fever and anemia. Lung biopsies from both patients revealed lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltrating the alveolar septa and interstitial fibrosis. The woman improved slowly during four months after discontinuation of therapy. Pulmonary symptoms recurred after additional gold therapy, and again resolved when gold was discontinued. The man, treated with prednisone, showed prompt remission and remains will without medication.
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PMID:Diffuse pulmonary injury associated with gold treatment. 13 May 54

Acute massive pulmonary hemorrhage is described as part of the clinical picture of SLE. Seven patients had sudden onset of high fever, dyspnea, tachycardia, and cough with blood-tinged sputum that within hours progressed to massive hemoptysis and death. There were no vasculitis or other inflammatory lung changes found at autopsy. Only one of the seven reported cases survived when treated with 2 g of intravenous hydrocortisone daily. The mechanism of this pulmonary bleeding is unknown but seems to be an immune complex mediated phenomenon.
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PMID:Acute massive pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. 14 42


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