Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Topiramate is a highly effective drug in migraine prophylaxis and is considered a first-line treatment. The evidence for the efficacy of topiramate is based upon the results of several large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Adverse events (AEs) are common and require discontinuation of the treatment in about 20-25% of patients, but they are rarely severe. There are reviews regarding topiramate-related AEs representing a large number of patients treated in controlled trials. The most common AEs are weight loss, dizziness, somnolence, abnormal thinking, fatigue, ataxia, confusion, paresthesias, impaired concentration, nervousness, amnesia, and language difficulties. The development of cough has never been reported as an AE during topiramate prophylaxis for migraine. We present 3 cases in which the prophylactic treatment for migraine with topiramate was discontinued due to the onset of primary intractable coughing.
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PMID:Topiramate-induced intractable cough during migraine prophylaxis. 1975 66

Complaints of health symptoms from ambient odors have become more frequent in communities with confined animal facilities, wastewater treatment plants, and biosolids recycling operations. The most frequently reported health complaints include eye, nose, and throat irritation, headache, nausea, diarrhea, hoarseness, sore throat, cough, chest tightness, nasal congestion, palpitations, shortness of breath, stress, drowsiness, and alterations in mood. Typically, these symptoms occur at the time of exposure and remit after a short period of time. However, for sensitive individuals such as asthmatic patients, exposure to odors may induce health symptoms that persist for longer periods of time as well as aggravate existing medical conditions. A workshop was held at Duke University on April 16-17, 1998 cosponsored by Duke University, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). and National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the health effects of ambient odors. This report summarizes the conclusions from the Workshop regarding the potential mechanisms responsible for health symptoms from ambient odors. Methods for validation of health symptoms, presence of odor, and efficacy of odor management techniques are described as well.
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PMID:Potential health effects of odor from animal operations, wastewater treatment, and recycling of byproducts. 1978 32

55-year male of Asian descent presented with weight loss, lethargy, drowsiness and low grade fever without cough. Examination revealed crackles in the chest but no focal neurological deficit. Chest X ray revealed an infiltrate consistent with tuberculosis. Biopsy of infiltrate was negative for malignancy. Corrected calcium level revealed parathyroid independent hypercalcemia. Further diagnostic work up for drowsiness and hypercalcemia was normal. Despite receiving hydration and pharmacotherapy for his hypercalcemia, his condition failed to improve. When steroids were started, the patient's calcium levels and symptomatology resolved. Tuberculosis causing hypercalcemia is uncommon. Steroids are useful agents, particularly in refractory cases.
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PMID:Middle aged male with pulmonary tuberculosis and refractory hypercalcemia at a tertiary care centre in South East Asia: a case report. 1982 85

Currently, opiates are widely used as antitussives but have substantial side effects. Recently, it has been proposed that NOP1 receptor agonists may be useful as a novel approach to cough suppression. Therefore, we compared the effect of NOP1 receptor agonist SCH486757 with matched placebo and codeine in a multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group study in patients with subacute cough. The primary outcome was change in cough severity scores, with the key secondary outcome change in objective daytime cough counts. We studied 91 subjects with subacute cough [59 (65%) female, median age = 41(range = 18-64) years, and median cough duration = 33 (range = 16-99) days]. Subjects were randomised to receive either SCH486757 100 mg, codeine 30 mg, or matched placebo twice daily for 5 days. Cough severity was scored throughout using a diary card and objective cough frequency recorded for 8 h at baseline and on the first and last treatment days. There were no significant differences in changes in average cough severity scores from baseline to treatment between SCH486757 and placebo [mean change = -0.57 (-30.1%) vs. mean change = -0.49 (-19.7%); P = 0.56] or between codeine and placebo [mean change = -0.72 (-33.2%); P = 0.07 compared to placebo). Changes in objective cough counts also showed no differences between the three treatment groups. There were some hints of possible limited antitussive efficacy with SCH486757. Unfortunately, the maximum clinical dose is limited by its tendency to produce somnolence. If the therapeutic ratio of NOP1 agonists could be improved, these drugs may still prove to contain effective antitussives.
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PMID:The efficacy of a NOP1 agonist (SCH486757) in subacute cough. 1993 46

Chronic cough can be the sole presenting symptom for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. We investigated the prevalence, severity and factors associated with chronic cough in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). We invited 108 consecutive patients who had been referred for evaluation of SDB to complete a comprehensive questionnaire on respiratory and sleep health, which included the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (cough specific quality of life; LCQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Mayo Clinic gastro-oesophageal questionnaire. Chronic cough was defined as cough for a duration of >2 months. 33% of patients with SDB reported a chronic cough. Patients with a chronic cough had impaired cough related-quality of life affecting all health domains (mean+/-sem LCQ score 17.7+/-0.7; normal = 21). Patients with SDB and chronic cough were predominantly females (61% versus 17%; p<0.001) and reported more nocturnal heartburn (28% versus 5%; p = 0.03) and rhinitis (44% versus 14%; p = 0.02) compared to those without SDB. There were no significant differences in ESS, respiratory disturbance index, body mass index, or symptoms of breathlessness, wheeze, snoring, dry mouth and choking between those with cough and those without. Chronic cough is prevalent in patients with SDB and is associated with female sex, symptoms of nocturnal heartburn and rhinitis. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on cough associated with SDB to explore the mechanism of this association.
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PMID:Chronic cough in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. 2012 46

Rhodococcus equi is an emerging opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. A lung-transplant recipient developed weight loss, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and somnolence. Computed tomogram showed a pulmonary nodule and pleural changes in the right allograft that was due to R. equi infection. Alteration of cell-mediated immunity is a predisposing risk factor for R. equi infection in humans. Our patient developed R. equi infection soon after a course of high-dose corticosteroids for acute allograft infection and animal exposure. A course of intravenous vancomycin followed by single-agent long-term therapy with oral ciprofloxacin was successful.
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PMID:Rhodococcus equi infection after lung transplantation. 2151 7

"Death rattle" is a term used to describe the noisy sound produced by dying patients caused by the oscillatory movements of secretions in the upper airways. Antimuscarinic drugs, including atropine, scopolamine (hyoscine hydrobromide), hyoscine butylbromide, and glycopyrronium, have been used to diminish the noisy sound by reducing airway secretions. We report on the effectiveness of sublingual atropine eyedrops in alleviating death rattle in a terminal cancer patient. We present a 58-year-old man with pancreatic cancer who was admitted to our hospital because of severe dyspnea, cough, and death rattle with excessive bronchial secretion as a result of multiple lung metastases. We administered 1% atropine eyedrops sublingually to obviate the need for subcutaneous infusions and to prevent somnolence. On the basis of our experience, we conclude that atropine eyedrops, administered sublingually for distressing upper respiratory secretions, may be an effective alternative to the injection of antimuscarinic drugs, or as an option when other antimuscarinic formulations are not available.
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PMID:Atropine eyedrops for death rattle in a terminal cancer patient. 2274 99

Uncertain etiology of cervical osteophytes, in particular emerging in geriatric population, is a rare skeletal system disease. Often, the cases are asymptomatic and may lead to symptoms such as dysphagia, cough, dyspnea, and dysphonia. We present a patient who had anterior osteophytes causing symptoms of severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and literature on etiology of OSA has been reviewed. A 57-year-old male patient with complaints of snoring and cessation of breathing during sleep was referred to the ear nose throat clinic. Cervical radiograph and computed tomography showed the osteophytes in the anterior of the vertebral corpus at the level C1-2. In addition, bridging osteophyte was observed between C6 and C7 vertebrae. The patient's neck circumference was 41 cm, body mass index was 29 kg/m2, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 11, and apnea hypopnea index was 62. Surgery was recommended, but the patient refused. Continuous positive airway pressure titration was applied with 12.6 cm H2O pressure; apnea control was attained with an AHI of 2.7. One of the rare causes of OSA, a case of cervical vertebral osteophyte, was presented, and we would like to draw attention to the importance of ear nose throat examination in the diagnosis of OSA.
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PMID:Cervical osteophytes: a rare cause of obstructive sleep apnea. 2297 99

Obesity is a critical factor in the development of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Snoring is the most frequent nocturnal symptom suggesting a diagnosis of SDB. Other common nighttime symptoms include snorting, gasping, choking, coughing, and witnessed apneas. The most frequent diurnal symptom in SDB is excessive daytime sleepiness. Patients suspected of having SDB should undergo a full night of in-laboratory polysomnography or in-home oligosomnography. SDB includes a spectrum of disorders; the most common are obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea.
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PMID:Sleep-disordered breathing. 2309 31

CONTEXT. Data on the ophthalmic and central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects of liquid detergent capsules (liquid laundry pods) are limited. OBJECTIVE. To ascertain the reported toxicity of liquid detergent capsules, particularly their ophthalmic and CNS adverse effects, in a large case series. METHODS. Between 1 May 2009 and 30 July 2012 the UK National Poisons Information Service collected prospectively 1509 telephone enquiries (involving 1486 exposures) relating to liquid detergent capsules. RESULTS. The majority of patients (95.6%) were children aged less than 5. Exposure to these products occurred mainly as a result of ingestion alone (n = 1215; 81.8%), with eye contact alone (n = 110; 7.4%), and skin contact alone (n = 20; 1.3%) being less common; multiple routes of exposure were involved in 141 (9.5%) cases. Following ocular exposure (n = 212), features suggesting conjunctivitis (n = 145; 68.4%) and corneal ulceration (n = 6; 2.8%) developed. The most common features reported following ingestion alone were nausea and vomiting (n = 721; 59.3%), followed by coughing (n = 53; 4.4%), drowsiness/CNS depression (n = 49; 42 of these were children were aged 2 years or less) and foaming at the mouth (n = 47; 3.9%). A rash occurred in 22 patients where ingestion was considered to be the route of exposure. Twenty patients were exposed via the dermal route alone and developed erythema (n = 9), rash (n = 6) and burn (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS. Ocular exposure to liquid detergent capsules may lead to conjunctivitis and corneal ulceration; detergent ingestion may result in central nervous system (CNS)depression. Greater consumer awareness is required to reduce injury from liquid detergent capsules, particularly that involving the eye.
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PMID:Reported toxicity in 1486 liquid detergent capsule exposures to the UK National Poisons Information Service 2009-2012, including their ophthalmic and CNS effects. 2419 43


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