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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Maternal beliefs regarding diet during common childhood illnesses--diarrhea, fever, measles, cough and marasmus were determined in 143 rural mothers by using the interview technique. Some foods were preferred while others were restricted during episode of each illness, depending upon their 'hot' and 'cold', 'light' and 'heavy' and other characteristics, as determined by locally prevalent traditional dietary beliefs. 'Cold' foods like curd, butter milk were restricted during an episode of cough while 'hot' foods like tea, ginger with honey, were preferred. During diarrhea, 'light' foods like khichri, diluted milk and 'easy to digest' were preferred while 'heavy' foods like undiluted milk, roti and 'difficult to digest' were restricted. The study revealed that for a successful health education, it is important to identify local cultural practices and beliefs. The useful practices should be encouraged and reinforced while the harmful ones should be discouraged.
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PMID:Maternal beliefs regarding diet during common childhood illnesses. 225 96

Mortality and morbidity in children under 5 years of age were measured in 41 villages and hamlets in a rural area of The Gambia for a 1-year period before and for a 3-year period after the introduction of a primary health care (PHC) programme into 15 of the larger villages in the area. Both infant mortality and child mortality rates fell during the post-intervention period but declines were similar in PHC and in non-PHC villages suggesting that factors such as an up-grading of the Farafenni dispensary, improvements in transport and the survey itself may have played an important part in bringing about these changes. Measurements of morbidity showed a lower prevalence of diarrhoea, vomiting or severe cough in PHC villages after the introduction of the PHC programme. Introduction of the PHC programme had no significant effect on nutritional status or on vaccine coverage. Significant improvements in the health of children in the Farafenni study area have taken place during the past 5 years but the PHC programme is probably only one of the factors that have brought about these changes.
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PMID:Evaluation of a primary health care programme in The Gambia. II. Its impact on mortality and morbidity in young children. 232 98

A 41-year-old female, who had been diagnosed as having paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) in 1985, was admitted to our hospital with cough, fever, diarrhea, vomiting and palpitation in April 1988. The chest X-ray showed pneumonia in her right lung. In the peripheral blood, red blood cell count was 1.64 x 10(6)/microliters, hemoglobin 4.7 g/dl and reticulocytes 19%. The levels of serum LDH, indirect bilirubin and creatinine were high. Pneumonia improved by the administration of antibiotics, however, anemia and renal failure deteriorated. After washed red blood cell transfusions totalling 2,000 ml and six times of hemodialysis, renal function returned to normal. This patient with PNH appeared to have developed acute renal failure by dehydration and hemolytic crisis due to pneumonia.
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PMID:[Acute renal failure following dehydration and hemolytic crisis due to pneumonia in a case of PNH]. 232 82

An epidemic disease with maculopapular exanthem, especially on the face and the extremities was observed form June to July of 1988 in Kitakyushu-shi. The clinical findings of 15 patients (male 12, female 3) with exanthem were described. Symptoms included fever (10 patients), diarrhea (5), cough and nasal discharge (2), headache and vomiting (1), and hyperreflexia (1). Echovirus type 18 was isolated from throat swabs and stool samples of 9 patients.
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PMID:[Echovirus type 18 infection: clinical features of 15 cases in Kitakyushu in 1988]. 233 49

Laboratory test ordering practices among physicians at three walk-in or urgent-care medical facilities were compared to evaluate the relationship between practice type and test ordering patterns. The charts of 221 patients were reviewed for test ordering as an aid for the diagnosis of cough or upper respiratory infection (169 patients) or diarrhea (52 patients). For upper respiratory infections, the free-standing walk-in clinic ordered the greatest number of tests; and for both categories of disease, the urgent care unit of a health maintenance organization (HMO) ordered the fewest tests.
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PMID:Comparison of laboratory test use among three urgent care clinics. 234 36

Symptoms by age and sex were studied in two population studies from Gothenburg, Sweden. In general, men and women showed the same age-related pattern. The prevalence of the following symptoms increased with age--sleeping disturbances, pain in the joints, pain in the legs, breathlessness, and impaired hearing. Six symptoms decreased with age--general fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea, cough, and headache. A group of symptoms showed a curvilinear shape with a peak at the age of 50. In general, women presented more symptoms than men. This was especially true for symptoms of depression and tension. A possible explanation is that women are more attentive to their internal state. A more probable explanation, supported by our study, is that the mental symptoms are related to the woman's situation in life with double work (responsible for both work and family).
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PMID:Symptoms by age and sex. The population studies of men and women in Gothenburg, Sweden. 235 75

In a national study of almost 7000 primary school children, parents' perceptions were used to test the hypothesis that the child's irritability was associated with food intolerance independently of other symptoms. After adjustment in a multiple regression analysis for asthma or wheeze, cough, eczema, hives, diarrhoea and vomiting, rhinitis, hay fever and headache, and the social factors of father's social class, maternal education and maternal age, a highly significant association between perception of food intolerance and irritability (P less than 0.001) remained. Though we cannot rule out that irritable children's parents could be biased towards diagnosing food intolerance the possibility that some children do have behavioural disturbance associated with reactions to food needs to be explored further, preferably with a double blind challenge assessment.
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PMID:Associations of excessive irritability with common illnesses and food intolerance. 236 72

A case of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in an eight-year-old boy is presented. The patient became ill during a visit to a farm where diarrhoea in newborn calves is a recurrent problem. Furthermore, on that farm kittens periodically suffer from diarrhoea and failure to thrive. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. were identified in the stool of the patient, and in the stool of the cat he had contact with. At that time the calves were not infected. The patient's gastrointestinal symptomatology consisted of severe diarrhoea, vomiting, colics and moderate dehydration, and was preceded by coughing.
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PMID:Intestinal cryptosporidiosis acquired from a cat. 236 71

In developing countries, diagnoses of diseases associated with deaths in children are frequently derived from retrospective maternal interviews. To determine the validity of this methodology, and to define sensitive and specific diagnostic algorithms, we compared symptoms and signs reported by mothers using structured questionnaires, with selected physician diagnoses for 164 deaths among hospitalized children on the Philippine island of Cebu. The 164 decreased children had 256 physician diagnoses of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) (100), diarrhoeas (92), measles (48), and neonatal tetanus cases (16). Forty-three per cent of children had multiple illnesses. An algorithm for tetanus (age at death less than or equal to 30 days with convulsion or spasm) was 100% sensitive, but specificity could not be estimated due to the small number of comparison neonatal deaths. An algorithm for measles (age greater than or equal to 120 days, with rash and fever for at least three days) had 98% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Diagnosis of ALRI was more difficult, cough and dyspnoea alone yielding 86% sensitivity but low specificity, whereas prolonged cough and dyspnoea provided 93% specificity but low sensitivity (41%). Diarrhoea diagnoses based on frequent loose or liquid stools had high sensitivity (78-84%) and specificity (79%), irrespective of whether the child died with diarrhoea alone or in combination with other illnesses. However, maternal reports of moderate/severe dehydration had low specificity. We conclude that, in this setting, verbal autopsies can diagnose major illnesses contributing to death in children with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
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PMID:Validation of postmortem interviews to ascertain selected causes of death in children. 237 51

In a 3-year prospective morbidity study in seven villages of northeast Thailand the health of preschool children was assessed every alternate week by questioning the mothers. The nutritional status was determined by weight-for-age, weight-for-height and height-for-age every third month. In four villages active measures were undertaken to improve the health and nutritional status of the children. A child had an average of 2.5 illness episodes and was ill 14.1 days per year. More than 80% of all illness episodes could be accounted to ill-defined infections such as fever and cough with only 5.2% accountable to diarrhoea. A marked decline in the rate of illness episodes was observed in communities where cooperation was good. Weight-for-height is a better indicator for determining children at risk of falling ill than weight-for-age and height-for-age. The duration of illness episodes was not related to the nutritional status.
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PMID:Relationship of the morbidity of under-fives to anthropometric measurements and community health intervention. 238 91


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