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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three children in Bangladesh who presented with diarrhoea, cough, dyspnoea, fever, and signs of malnutrition and died in the hospital were shown at post-mortem examination to have both adenovirus infection of the intestine (by immunofluorescence) and cytomegalovirus infection of the lung (by immunoperoxidase staining). This finding of dual viral infections of the intestine and lung in patients with concomitant enteritis and pneumonia provides a basis for symptoms emanating simultaneously from these two organ systems.
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PMID:Concomitant intestinal adenovirus infection and pulmonary cytomegalovirus infection in children causing fatal enteritis and pneumonia. 132 74

The seroprevalence of antibodies to HIV-1, HTLV-I, and HCV was evaluated in three populations from northern rural Haiti: 1,727 patients attending the hospital for symptoms suggestive of HIV disease, 228 consecutive surgical patients, and 500 pregnant women were tested. HIV-1 seroprevalence was 6.1 and 4.0% in the last two groups, respectively, and 39.3% in the symptomatic population. Associated symptoms of wasting, cough, and diarrhea and a clinical diagnosis of AIDS were significantly predictive of HIV-1 seropositivity. Antibody to HTLV-I seroprevalence ranged from 2.2-5.3% in pregnant women, surgical patients, and HIV-seronegative symptomatic patients and was similar among the three groups when stratified by age. In contrast, HIV-1 seropositivity and HTLV-I seropositivity were significantly associated. The prevalence of confirmed antibody to HCV was low and not associated with either HIV-1 or HTLV-I seropositivity.
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PMID:Antibody to HIV-1, HTLV-I, and HCV in three populations of rural Haitians. 133 30

The acute or toxemic form of schistosomiasis mansoni is studied under the anatomic and clinical point of view, according to classification made by Neves, Raso and Bagliolo in 1975. The first phase is characterised by the following facts: cutaneous (immediate and late) manifestations; high fever or in progressive elevation; intense diaphoresis abdominal discomfort; intense aqueous diarrhea; dehydration; loss of weight, dry cough; painful hepatosplenomegaly; discreet lymphadenomegaly, progressive increase of blood leucocytes and eosinophiles; radiological pulmonary alterations; absence of alterations in serum protein and hepatic functional tests; the hepatic function biopsy shows focus of acute hepatitis. The second stage or properly named toxemic period was clinically characterized by the neat aggravation of the previously observed phenomena. At last, the evolutive course of the disease has implication derived not only the worm's presence, but from the intense dissemination of eggs in the tissue. In the pre-laying phase one studied the forms of cercarian dermatitis, prodromic and inapparent. In the post laying phase, the properly named acute toxemic form, with its types: pseudocholeraic, pseudotyphous, pseudodysenteric-bacillary, pseudonephritic, pseudoenterovirotic, the reactivated, the ischemic enterocolitis and others; whenever possible clinical and anatomic correlation will be made.
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PMID:[Acute or toxemic form of schistosomiasis mansoni]. 134 17

A role of nutrients in the onset of migraine and other gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea), skin reactions (rush, atopic dermatitis, Quincke'a edema), respiratory symptoms (bronchial asthma, cough, allergic rhinitis, polyps, congestion of the nasal mucosa), motion system disorders (jointache and edema), gynecological disorders (chronic and recurrent adnexitis), and sleep disorders together with emotional tension and behavioral disturbances has been assessed in 17 patients with atopy. Migraine attacks have been produced most frequently by cow milk (in 10 out of 17 patients), cabbage, flour and eggs in 5 patients, preservatives, cottage and Swiss cheese, porcine meat in 4 patients, colorants and chocolate in 3 patients, beef, strawberries, lemons and butter in 2 patients. Other nutrients produced headache in single patients. Migraine and other symptoms have diminished after an individual elimination diet. Recurrence has been noted after each consumption of allergen except one female patient with EEG abnormalities. Immunoglobulins E have been involved in headache-producing mechanism in 3 patients.
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PMID:[Migraine as one of the symptoms of food allergy]. 135 12

A 77-year-old female with primary duodenal cancer had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy in May, 1989. Postoperative chemotherapy was done in combination with MMC (mitomycin C), lentinan and UFT (combined medicine of tegafur and uracil). In August, 1991, the patient complained of a cough and then was examined for multiple pulmonary metastases from duodenal cancer by chest X-ray and CT-scan. Then, she received 5'-DFUR (400-800 mg) and MMC (total 6 mg). Two months from the start of this therapy, the cough almost vanished and pulmonary lesions were diminished markedly. For about five months, this case corresponded to partial response (PR) according to the response criteria proposed by Koyama-Saitoh. The side effects of 5'-DFUR were diarrhea and anorexia. Therefore, we think that 5'-DFUR and a small dose of MMC yielded a partial response to multiple pulmonary metastases from duodenal cancer.
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PMID:[A case of multiple pulmonary metastases from duodenal cancer showing partial response using 5'-DFUR and a small dose of MMC]. 136 Nov 21

Evidence from many countries suggests an association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis of major public health significance. In order to begin assessing the impact of HIV on tuberculosis in Kenya, we have determined the HIV-1 seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients and compared the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in two cross-sectional studies at the Infectious Disease Hospital (IDH) and the Ngaira Avenue Chest Clinic (NACC), Nairobi, Kenya. The diagnosis in 92% of all patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was confirmed by culture. The remainder were diagnosed on histological, clinical or radiological grounds. HIV seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients at IDH was 26.5% (52/196) compared to 9.2% (18/195) at NACC (P less than 0.001). There was no association between numbers of streptomycin injections in the previous 5 years and HIV infection. Positive sputum smear rates in HIV-positive patients were slightly lower than in HIV-negative patients at both study sites (71% vs 83% at IDH and 73% vs 82% at NACC) but the difference was not significant. Only Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated. Miliary disease was not associated with HIV infection. Persistent diarrhoea, oral candidiasis, generalized itchy rash, herpes zoster and generalized lymphadenopathy were all associated with HIV infection, but 46% (95% CI:38-54%) of all HIV-positive patients had none of the clinical features listed in the WHO Clinical Criteria for the Diagnosis of AIDS, apart from fever, cough and weight loss. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome was reported in 7/52 (13%) patients with HIV infection, and in 4/144 (3%) patients without (RR 4.85, 95% CI: 1.45-15.88).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cross-sectional survey of HIV infection among patients with tuberculosis in Nairobi, Kenya. 138 70

A report from Kampala, Uganda, compares the situation in 1991 to the state of chaos 10 years earlier when the regime of Idi Amin had been overthrown by Milton Obote's soldiers with the help of Tanzanian troops. Soldiers went on looting sprees, and 1 victim of their marauding became a 12-year old boy who got shot for refusing to part with his bike. In contrast, in 1991 things were much more peaceful; however, the AIDS epidemic was the new threat. The government radio transmits hourly warnings on HIV. Since President Museveni came to power, economy and security have improved radically. Shops and markets are open until late at night; public transport is reliable, and small scale industry flourished. There would be optimism about the future, if AIDS was not here. There is no doubt that the economy will soon be affected. According to the Kampala blood bank, 40% of the healthy population is already seropositive. In the hospitals the majority of admissions suffer from AIDS with diarrhea and an itching dermatitis; there is more cancer of the cervix and lymphoma; appendicitis is on the increase; and tuberculous lymph nodes are now quite common. Many of these patients have clinical AIDS. The government is frank about the situation and is active in preventive measures and education. Private charities and foreign aid organizations contribute. But the epidemic is so overwhelming, that some Western organizations might soon lose interest owning to meager returns on their efforts. A 6-year-old boy has grossly swollen lymph nodes around his neck, both parotids are painfully swollen, pus pours from the ears. A nonspecific cough and mild diarrhea are also present with an itching and sore herpes zoster on his left chest. the mother is frightened of losing him, and demurs at the hint of AIDS, since for her, AIDS means sexual promiscuity.
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PMID:A tale of one city. 139 51

A case of life-threatening adverse effects following intravenous administration of a non-ionic contrast medium is reported. The patient, a 68-year-old diabetic hypertensive male with dyspnoea and cough had an abnormal chest radiograph, revealing congestive heart failure and an enlarged right hilum. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest was performed using 100 cm3 of intravenous iopamidol. Within half an hour the patient developed abdominal cramping, vomiting, and diarrhoea, followed by hypotension, tachycardia, fever to 40 degrees C, and delirium. His course was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, respiratory arrest, and atrial fibrillation. There was no evidence of infection, neoplastic disease, or myocardial infarction. Over the next month the patient slowly recovered. One other case report implicates a contrast agent with a similar syndrome. The features of this case fulfil the criteria for a probable adverse drug reaction of a type and severity rarely encountered.
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PMID:Case report: multisystem failure following intravenous iopamidol. 139 88

The range of clinical presentations of HIV-related disease in Africa has not been adequately described, despite the fact that many hospitals have to rely heavily on clinical diagnosis. Six hundred adult medical patients seen in the Casualty Department of the main Government hospital in Nairobi were enrolled in a study of the presentation and outcome of HIV-related disease: 506 of these patients were admitted, of whom 19 per cent (95) were HIV seropositive. The remaining 94 were dealt with as outpatients: 11 percent (10) of these were seropositive. A history of prior treatment for sexually transmitted disease and, if male, being uncircumcised, were associated with being seropositive. Three presentations were strongly associated with HIV infection: acute fever with no focus except the gastrointestinal tract (enteric fever-like illness), acute cough with fever (community-acquired pneumonia) and chronic diarrhoea with wasting. The WHO clinical case definition (CCD) for AIDS missed a substantial amount of HIV-related morbidity (sensitivity 39 per cent) and misidentified many seronegative patients (positive predictive value 59 per cent). In comparison with the Centers for Disease Control surveillance definition for AIDS, the CCD was specific (91 per cent) and sensitive (79 per cent) but only had a positive predictive values of 30 per cent: the CCD may therefore be a poor surveillance tool for AIDS. Seropositive patients were much more likely to die than were seronegative patients (39 per cent vs. 15 per cent mortality). Enteric fever-like illness was the presentation which most commonly proved fatal. A wider spectrum of disease is associated with underlying HIV immunosuppression than has previously been described in Africa.
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PMID:The presentation and outcome of HIV-related disease in Nairobi. 143 66

In 1990, among pregnant women .1% tested positive for HIV antibodies in Amsterdam compared to 24.5% in Lusaka, Zambia. During 1990 and 1991 data were collected from 231 patients fulfilling the WHO clinical criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS in 3 hospitals of Sesheke, a rural Zambian district. 46.3% of the group was male and 53.7% was female, and the mean age of women was significantly lower than that of men (25.2 vs. 31.1 years, p 0.001). A total of 185 patients could be tested for HIV-1 antibodies using ELISA-Welcozyme and HIVCECK-Du Pont. There were 141 (81.6%) positive results, 19 (10.3%) negative results, and in 15 (8.1%) cases the outcome was not clear. Seroprevalence figures for HIV-1 in the same period were 16% for blood donors and 41% for patients attending the clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Most patients with AIDS in Sesheke district present with a wasting syndrome, and in these cases, tuberculosis (TB), whose incidence has increased dramatically, has to be excluded. Loss of more than 10% of body weight was the most common symptom followed by chronic cough lasting for more than 1 month, fever persisting for more than 1 month, and chronic diarrhea lasting for more than 1 more. Chronic coughing was more frequent among adults than among children (P 0.001). Weight loss, chronic diarrhea, persistent coughing, generalized lymphadenopathy, generalized dermatitis, and oropharyngeal candidiasis occurred among both adults and children equally often. Only 4 patients (18%) and extrapulmonary TB in 10 patients (4%). In the district there was no registration system for the dead and the follow-up of AIDS patients were not organized well, but as of January 1, 1992, from hospital records it was established that 74 patients out of the 231 studied were decreased. The outlook for the population in Sesheke and Zambia is dim in light of the current high seroprevalence rate.
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PMID:[AIDS in a Zambian district]. 147 Feb 44


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