Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The larynx normally functions in vocalization, deglutition, and respiration. There is no substitute for direct laryngoscopy in animals suspected of having laryngeal disease. Clinical signs that should alert the veterinarian include cough, choking while eating or drinking, exertional cyanosis and syncope, noisy breathing, inspiratory dyspnea, stridor, and significant change in sound production. Controlled anesthesia is mandatory for animals with suspected laryngeal disease because many of these patients have compromised respiratory function. Laryngoscopy is used to note abnormalities in the shape, color, and motility of the larynx with special attention to correlating the movement of the arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds with the respiratory cycle.
 ...
PMID:Laryngoscopy. 223 71

Malignant thymomas are extremely rare in children, with only 27 cases reported thus far in the pediatric surgical literature. We report four additional cases diagnosed at this institution over the past 20 years (ages 3 to 14 years). Clinical presentations included superior vena cava syndrome, cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, enlarging mediastinal mass, spontaneous pneumothorax, and pleuropericardial effusion. Three patients underwent incomplete resection of the mass or biopsy because of "unresectability" and were treated with radiotherapy and adjunctive chemotherapy. One patient underwent near complete macroscopic resection as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. All patients died at intervals ranging from 6 months to 2 1/2 years after diagnosis. Three patients were found to have metastatic disease prior to death or at autopsy. In one case, the initial pathological diagnosis was lymphocytic thymoma. After ultrastructural studies were performed, the diagnosis was changed to thymic T-cell lymphoma. This patient subsequently developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia 3 months after surgical resection followed by radiotherapy. Malignant thymomas are highly aggressive tumors in children. A radical surgical approach with complete excision of the tumor and contiguous structures in continuity, with adjunctive radiotherapy and chemotherapy remains the only hope for survival in children with these rare lesions.
 ...
PMID:Malignant thymoma in children: a 20-year review. 227 28

A case of double aortic arch is reported. The male patient, 11-month-old, had breathed with a constant stridor since his birth and had frequent attacks of respiratory tract infection and dyspnea. The child was admitted because of restlessness, fever, stridor and cough. Dyspnea with cyanosis appeared later, and required intubation and mechanical ventilation. After then, three attempts to extubate the infant were made, but failed. A double aortic arch was suspected by bronchogram, esophagogram, and confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Through a left thoracotomy, the smaller left arch and the ligmentem arteriosum were divided to relieve the obstruction of trachea from the compression of the vascular ring. Postoperative convalescence was normal. Symptoms of double aortic arch vary with the degree of obstruction of the trachea and esophagus, ranging from mild to life-threatening respiratory obstruction and apnea. Inspiratory stridor, dyspnea, and wheezing, which are accentuated with feeding, crying, or respiratory infections, are characteristic clinical findings. The diagnosis is established by aid of an esophagography. Left thoracotomy, with division of the smaller aortic arch, is the only satisfactory treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Double aortic arch: report of one case]. 263 8

In summary, HAPE is a potentially fatal form of noncardiogenic PE seen in a small number of individuals visiting above 9,000 ft in elevation. The pathophysiology is uncertain but is probably due, at least in part, to hydrostatic and capillary permeability abnormalities of the pulmonary vascular bed in response to hypobaric hypoxia. A subclinical form above 14,000 ft is common (15% to 23% incidence), but the incidence of HAPE itself is unclear. Possible risk factors include rapid ascent, strenuous activity on arrival, reascent to altitude by highlanders after a short stay lower, previous HAPE, cold, respiratory tract infections, sedation, youth, and the peripheral edema of AMS. Clinical presentation is similar to that of pneumonia: tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, cough, fever, and chest discomfort. Symptoms often worsen with sleep. WBC count is usually elevated, and arterial blood gases reveal a respiratory alkalosis and an alarmingly low hemoglobin saturation. Chest radiographs reveal bilateral patchy infiltrates. Radiographic findings are dissimilar to those from cardiogenic PE. Differential diagnosis includes pneumonia, PE and HAB. Treatment modalities include early descent, bed rest, oxygen therapy, and EPAP. Mortalities range from 4% to 27% depending on the rapidity of descent and evacuation.
 ...
PMID:High-altitude pulmonary edema: a collective review. 266 Aug 18

This paper reports a one-month-old female with a one-week history of low grade fever and rhinorrhea, and one day of intermittent cough and cyanosis. The signs and symptoms are typical for pertussis in an infant less than six months old. The incidence of pertussis in the neonate and infant appears to be increasing. The disease still carries significant morbidity and mortality, especially in this age group. Pertussis should be included in the differential diagnosis of protracted cough with cyanosis or vomiting, persistent rhinorrhea, and marked lymphocytosis in children under six months of age.
 ...
PMID:Pertussis in an infant. 268 10

Nitrofurantoin is a widely prescribed antibiotic used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. In some patients it can produce an acute pulmonary reaction ranging from mild dyspnea to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Symptoms include fever, dyspnea, chills, cough, and chest pain. Physical examination generally reveals an acutely ill, extremely apprehensive patient in varying degrees of respiratory distress. Fever is usually present and there is an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate. Cyanosis, rales, and a maculopapular rash are common findings. Laboratory studies typically demonstrate a leukocytosis with eosinophilia, varying degrees of hypoxia and hypocapnia, and a mild to moderate elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The chest x-ray study may be normal but more often demonstrates bilateral lower lobe interstitial infiltrates frequently accompanied by pleural effusions. Treatment in the majority of cases requires only stopping the drug, but steroids, bronchodilators, or antihistamines may be used in selected cases. Once the diagnosis is made and the drug withdrawn, prognosis for full recovery is excellent.
 ...
PMID:Acute pulmonary toxicity to nitrofurantoin. 270 84

Pancreatitis may be associated with thoracic complications, notably chronic massive pleural effusion (CMPE) and, rarely, pseudocysts with mediastinal extension (PME) and enzymatic mediastinitis (EM). Our personal experience with 14 cases of thoracic complications (nine CMPE, two PME associated with pleural effusion, and three EM of 670 patients who underwent surgery; of these, 191 had acute and 479 had chronic pancreatitis) during 16 years (1970-1986) is reported. In the patients with CMPE, the initial symptoms were progressive dyspnea eventually associated with cough and chest pain. In the PME cases, there was dysphagia associated with left subscapular pain and left chest pain. The initial signs in the patients with EM were sudden dyspnea, cyanosis, retrosternal pain, tachycardia, and acute heart failure. A fistula between the pancreatic ductal system and the pleural cavity in seven of the nine patients with CMPE was demonstrated by intraoperative pancreatography and/or cystography. On the contrary, preoperative endoscopic pancreatography demonstrated the sinus tract in only three of the seven. In both cases of PME, computed tomography (CT) provided a correct diagnosis that was confirmed at surgery. In the patients with EM, the diagnosis was suggested by the clinical appearance and was confirmed by the chest roentgenogram and by CT. All patients had operations after varying periods of unsuccessful 2-4-week-long conservative treatment. One patient with infected ascites died postoperatively. There were no thoracic recurrences of pancreatic disease among the other patients at a 10-month-10-year follow-up observation after surgery.
 ...
PMID:Thoracic complications of pancreatitis. 275 44

Despite the increasing prevalence of pertussis in young adults and infants, reports of maternal-neonatal pertussis are rare. Our study involves three neonates who apparently acquired pertussis from their adolescent mothers. The diagnosis of pertussis was initially missed in all of the patients. The mothers had mild respiratory disease. All three newborns presented with life-threatening coughing and choking spells without a characteristic inspiratory whoop. Two neonates had apnea, bradycardia, cyanosis, and unresponsiveness, but were without the initial lymphocytosis that is distinctive of pertussis. These two neonates had a clinical course that was consistent with the historic "100-day-cough." They required prolonged ventilatory support and hospitalization at a high cost. The other neonate had a terminal pulmonary hemorrhage. Strategies for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this potentially lethal disease in neonates are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Pertussis in neonates. 280 62

The interest in mountain tracking and climbing has increased and there is a need for knowledge of altitude-related diseases. About one million non-acclimatized individuals annually frequent areas around 2,000 to 3,000 m above sea level and incur unpleasant symptoms in the form of acute altitude sickness or potentially fatal conditions such as pulmonary and/or cerebral oedema. Headache is the most prominent sign of acute altitude sickness but fainting fits, loss of appetite, hesitant gait, euphoria, or confusion also occur. Dyspnoea, cyanosis at rest, and a dry cough are signs of pulmonary oedema. Cerebral oedema may be feared when inexperienced climbers are afflicted by severe headaches, vomiting, and hesitant gait. Coma ensues relatively soon. Treatment consisting in descent to lower altitude, administration of oxygen, and possible medicinal therapy is effective if immediately introduced.
 ...
PMID:[Altitude sickness]. 291 57

Water instilled into the pharynx of sleeping human infants elicits a range of chemoreflex responses that, occasionally, includes prolonged apnea (defined as absence of ventilation for at least 20 s, or for a shorter period if accompanied by bradycardia of less than or equal to 100 b.p.m. or cyanosis). To learn more about airway receptors mediating this prolonged apneic response and factors determining its occurrence, we examined the importance of stimulus location and associations between prolonged apnea, bradycardia, and upper airway responses. A total of 29 episodes of prolonged apnea were recorded after water stimulation in 12 infants. Bradycardia (HR less than 100) followed stimulus delivery but was always preceded by apnea and did not appear as an independent chemoreflex response. Behavioral arousal and prolonged apnea were not mutually exclusive responses and recovery from prolonged apnea was not always closely linked with arousal. Occurrence of prolonged apnea was greater after pharyngeal than nasal stimulation, and was frequently associated with coughing, but not with sneezing, suggesting that prolonged apnea is elicited from a sensory site close to, or the same as, one mediating cough. We conclude, using this water stimulus method, that the predominant receptors for chemoreflex-prolonged apnea are located in the pharynx or larynx rather than in the nose.
 ...
PMID:Characteristics of upper airway chemoreflex prolonged apnea in human infants. 292 68


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>