Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic cough may be the sole presenting manifestation of bronchial asthma (reference 3; Corrao et al, 1979), and "cough variant asthma (CVA)" has been used to categorize such patients. In order to clarify the clinical picture of CVA, we evaluated the clinical history, laboratory data, sputum cytology and pulmonary function in 14 subjects (5 males and 9 females, aged 14 to 65 years) compatible with the following diagnostic criteria: (1) chronic cough persistent for more than 8 weeks, (2) no wheeze nor dyspnea, (3) no rales, (4) no past history of asthma, (5) bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine proven by Takishima's method (reference 13), (6) effectiveness of bronchodilators against cough, (7) normal chest X-ray film, (8) afebrile and negative CRP, (9) absence of sinusitis and postnasal drip, or if present, they are proved not to be responsible for the cough, and (10) no other causes of cough such as heart disease, prescription of ACE inhibitors, current smoking. The results were as follows. 1) Many of the subjects were atopic, with positive skin tests to one or more common allergens in 10 subjects, elevated serum IgE in 4 subjects, and past history and family history of atopy in 4 and 7 subjects, respectively. 2) Respiratory infection preceded the onset of CVA in 3 subjects. 3) Cough was generally nocturnal, but 2 subjects coughed only in the daytime. 4) FEV1.0% was decreased (less than 70%) in only 2 subjects, whereas V25 was decreased (less than 80% of predicted value) in 11 out of 12 evaluable subjects, which suggested peripheral airway obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical study on cough variant asthma]. 150 83

A patient presented with a cough of three months' duration as the sole manifestation of mediastinal Hodgkin's disease. Systematic evaluation resulted in prompt diagnosis and specific successful treatment of both the Hodgkin's disease and the cough. This case emphasizes that specific therapy based upon an accurate diagnosis almost always results in effective treatment of chronic cough.
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PMID:Chronic cough as the sole manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. 154 Nov 59

A group of 59 workers (41 men and 18 women) employed in swine confinement areas was studied to assess the presence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and the prevalence of abnormalities in ventilatory function. A control group of 46 (31 men and 15 women) unexposed workers was studied for the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms. For both male and female swine confinement workers complaints of chronic cough, dyspnoea, and chest tightness were significantly more frequent than among control workers. Male workers also complained more of chronic phlegm. Male swine confinement workers who were smokers had significantly higher prevalences of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, and chronic bronchitis than male non-smoking swine confinement workers. The frequency of acute symptoms associated with the workshift was high among the swine confinement workers with more than half of the workers complaining of cough and dyspnoea associated with work. Significant acute across shift reductions in lung function occurred in swine confinement workers, being largest for FEF25. All Monday preshift ventilatory capacity measurements in male confinement workers were significantly lower than predicted values; FVC and FEV1 were found to be lower than predicted values for women. The data indicate that exposure in swine confinement buildings is associated with the development of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and impairment of lung function. Smoking appears to aggravate these changes.
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PMID:Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity in swine confinement workers. 160 30

The most common form of lower airway disease (LAD) in dogs is chronic bronchitis, whereas in cats a syndrome resembling chronic bronchial asthma in humans is commonly reported. In most cases, the cause(s) of LAD remains unproven. The primary symptom of LAD in dogs and cats is chronic cough, although many cats are free of symptoms between episodes of acute, life-threatening bronchoconstriction. Diagnosis is based on a careful history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests designed to rule out other causes of cough and dyspnea such as pneumonia, heartworm infestation, and congestive heart failure. More sophisticated tests, such as bronchoscopy, flow volume loops, and radioisotope ventilation scans are available to define the extent of the disease process better. Glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of chronic therapy for most dogs and cats with LAD. Bronchodilators are indicated for most cats with symptoms of acute bronchoconstriction, whereas a smaller number of dogs may respond to bronchodilator administration and demonstrate an increase in exercise capacity and a decrease in cough frequency. LAD in dogs and cats is a progressive disorder, and prognosis is guarded. Nevertheless, with aggressive medical management many of these animals can live relatively symptom-free lives.
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PMID:Chronic lower airway disease in the dog and cat. 164 17

Cough variant asthma is an occult form of asthma of which the only sign or symptom is chronic cough. This review examines 15 clinically oriented research articles on cough variant asthma and summarizes what is known about its frequency of occurrence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and natural history. Cough variant asthma is a common problem among all ages that frequently goes unrecognized. Pulmonary function, as measured by spirometry, is often within normal limits. Any patient with a nonproductive, nocturnal cough lasting more than two weeks, should receive an empiric trial of bronchodilators. The natural history of cough variant asthma is variable. A significant proportion of patients followed over time develop the classic signs and symptoms of asthma, whereas for many patients, cough resolves without need for further treatment.
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PMID:Cough variant asthma: a review of the clinical literature. 167 66

The effects of ambient ozone (O3) on respiratory function and acute respiratory symptoms were evaluated in 143 7- to 9-yr-old schoolchildren followed longitudinally at 1- to 2-wk intervals over a period of 6 months at three schools in Pedregal, Mexico City. The maximum O3 level exceeded the World Health Organization guideline of 80 ppb and the U.S. standard of 120 ppb in every week. For an increase from lowest to highest in the mean O3 level during the 48 hr before spirometry (53 ppb), logistic regression estimated relative odds of 1.7 for a child reporting cough/phlegm on the day of spirometry. For the full population, the mean O3 level during the hour before spirometry, not adjusted for temperature and humidity, predicted a significant decrement in FVC but not in FEV1 or FEF25-75. In contrast, the mean O3 level during the previous 24-, 48-, and 168-h periods predicted significant decrements in FEV1 and FEF25-75 but not in FVC. Ozone was consistently associated with a greater decrement in lung function for the 15 children with chronic phlegm as compared with the children without chronic cough, chronic phlegm, or wheeze. Ozone in the previous 24-, 48-, and 168-h periods predicted decrements in FEV1 for children of mothers who were current or former smokers, but not for children of mothers who were never smokers. Many of these effects were reduced in multiple regression analyses including temperature and humidity, as temperature and O3 were highly correlated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of ambient ozone on respiratory function and symptoms in Mexico City schoolchildren. 173 31

Chronic cough is a side effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of antihypertensives. The cough is thought to be a result of inhibition of the enzymes that break down some of the mediators of inflammation, such as the bradykinins and tachykinins. We report 20 patients with chronic cough caused by ACE inhibitors and some of the characteristics of the cough. The cough is typically dry, nonproductive, and worse at night. Interference with sleep is common and was severe in three patients. Women outnumbered men in this series: urinary stress incontinence developed in five, rectal and vaginal prolapse developed in one. Three patients felt they were incapacitated by the cough. Most had been on multiple medications; only oxycodone was reported to be effective in controlling the cough, and four patients thought they were addicted to that. All coughs resolved with withdrawal of the ACE inhibitor. Chronic cough is common among individuals taking ACE inhibitors. It may be severe and associated with complications. The incidence and potential severity is understated in drug information sources, and patients and physicians often fail to recognize cough as a drug side effect.
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PMID:Characterization of cough associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. 175 56

Cough is frequently the presenting symptom of bronchial asthma, although cough can result from a wide variety of other respiratory disease. Treatment of chronic cough has proved extremely difficult. It has been suggested that treatment with bronchodilators may reduce the symptom of cough. In this study the effect of altering airway tone on the sensitivity of the cough reflex was determined. Twelve normal, healthy volunteers took part. The number of coughs following inhalations of single breaths of doubling concentrations of capsaicin (1.95-500 microM) was recorded before and after doses of salbutamol, methacholine and saline which altered forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) by 6.2 +/- 2.6%, -8.8 +/- 3.2% and -0.18 +/- 1.38%, respectively. In a further study the cough response was recorded before and after doses of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide, both of which reduced baseline respiratory resistance and resistance measured after capsaicin. Ipratropium bromide, salbutamol and methacholine, despite having significant effects on airway tone, did not change the sensitivity of capsaicin-induced cough. Thus, if bronchodilator drugs are antitussive in non-asthmatic patients, then this is unlikely to be due to an effect on the sensitivity of the cough reflex.
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PMID:The effect of altering airway tone on the sensitivity of the cough reflex in normal volunteers. 183 66

The relationship of occupational airborne, exposure to respiratory symptoms and asthma was examined using a self-administered questionnaire in a cross-sectional survey of a random sample (n = 4,992 subjects) of the general population aged 15-70 yrs of Hordaland county, Norway. The response rate was 90%. Twenty nine percent of the population had a history of occupational dust or gas exposure, 5% reported having been exposed to asbestos at work, and 4% reported quartz exposure. A history of occupational dust or gas exposure was associated with morning cough, chronic cough, phlegm when coughing, breathlessness on exercise, occasional wheezing and a physician's diagnosis of asthma after adjusting for sex, age, smoking habits and urban-rural area of residence. The adjusted relative odds ratios for the respiratory disorders in subjects exposed to dust or gas ranged from 1.6-1.9. The population attributable risk of occupational dust or gas exposure for the respiratory disorders ranged from 11-19%. The study indicates that respiratory disorders are independently associated with occupational airborne exposure in a Norwegian general population sample.
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PMID:Occupational dust or gas exposure and prevalences of respiratory symptoms and asthma in a general population. 186 42

Chronic cough persisting for two months or more that remains unexplained after extensive investigations is a common clinical problem. The purpose of this study was to determine whether such cough is associated with otherwise asymptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux. Thirteen patients with chronic persistent cough that was unexplained after a standard diagnostic assessment were identified. All were non-smokers. The mean (SE) duration of cough was 17.8 (8.0) months. Ten had never had reflux symptoms and three had had mild symptoms only after the onset of the cough. All the patients completed standardised cough diary cards for eight weeks and underwent 24 hour ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring. A reflux episode was defined as a fall in oesophageal pH to below 4.0. Nine control subjects were matched for age, lung function, and body mass index. The patients experienced significantly more episodes of reflux per 24 hours than the controls (115.8 (SE 31.7) versus 4.7 (1.4) and longer reflux episodes (15.5 (5.8) versus 1.7 (0.5) minutes), and the oesophageal pH was below 4.0 considerably longer (84.5 (20.2) versus 3.8 (1.3) minutes). Cough occurred simultaneously with 13% (2.2%) of reflux episodes and within five minutes in another 35% (5.8%) of episodes, whereas gastro-oesophageal reflux occurred simultaneously with 78% (5.5%) of cough episodes and within five minutes in another 12% (2.3%) of episodes. It is concluded that chronic persistent cough that remains unexplained after a standard diagnostic assessment is associated with otherwise asymptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux. It is suggested that a self perpetuating mechanism may exist whereby acid reflux causes cough via a local neuronal oesophageal-tracheo-bronchial reflex, and the cough in turn amplifies reflux via increased transdiaphragmatic pressure or by inducing transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation. Further study of this mechanism and the role of specific antireflux treatment in chronic persistent cough is warranted.
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PMID:Chronic persistent cough and gastro-oesophageal reflux. 187 35


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