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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three male patients, 19 to 20 years old, were exposed to chlorine gas secondary to a leak in the chlorination system of an indoor pool. All of the patients were symptomatic with cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Physical examinations, arterial blood gases, and chest radiographs were normal. All patients were given a nebulized solution of 3.75% sodium bicarbonate which resulted in prompt relief of their symptoms. None of the patients suffered from prolonged symptomatology. This therapy appears to be useful in treating chlorine gas inhalation; however, it cannot be routinely recommended without prospective clinical studies evaluating its efficacy and safety.
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PMID:Treatment of acute chlorine gas inhalation with nebulized sodium bicarbonate. 216 79

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of adenosine in the treatment of episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular trachycardia (PSVT) are reviewed. Adenosine is an endogenous adenine nucleoside that markedly decreases heart rate and prolongs atrioventricular (AV)-nodal conduction. Adenosine is rapidly cleared from plasma by the cellular elements of the blood and by vascular endothelial cells and subjected to enzymatic metabolism. The drug has a half-life of 0.6 to 10 seconds. In noncomparative clinical trials, adenosine terminated 85% to 100% of induced or spontaneous episodes of PSVT involving the AV node in the reentrant circuit. In patients with arrhythmias that do not involve the AV node in the reentrant circuit, adenosine produces AV block and does not restore sinus rhythm. Prospective, randomized trials comparing adenosine with verapamil in adults have not yet been performed. The adverse effects of adenosine include flushing, dyspnea, headache, cough, chest pain, sinus bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and various degrees of AV block. Because of the short half-life of adenosine, these effects are transient and well tolerated. The initial dose of adenosine in treating acute PSVT is 6 mg given by rapid i.v. bolus injection, followed in one to two minutes by up to two additional 12-mg boluses if necessary. Adenosine has been found to be effective in terminating PSVT and thus offers an alternative to verapamil. Prospective, randomized trials comparing adenosine with verapamil are needed to definitively establish adenosine's role in the therapy of PSVT.
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PMID:Adenosine in the episodic treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. 218 71

In this paper, 20 cases of teratoma of the lung (3 cases were presented and 17 reviewed) were analyzed. There were 13 males and 7 females, the age ranging from 16-47 years. The primary symptoms were: cough (19 cases, 95%), blood sputum or hemoptysis (16 cases, 80%), chest pain (12 cases, 60%), fever (7 cases, 35%) and expectoration of hair (4 cases, 20%) etc. The histogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of the disease were discussed.
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PMID:[Teratoma of the lung: report of 3 cases]. 219 71

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common problem that frequently presents with atypical complaints including nausea, hiccups, globus sensation, chest pain, hoarseness, coughing, or various pulmonary complaints. Diagnosis may be difficult, as these patients often do not have radiographic or endoscopic evidence of esophagitis. In these difficult cases, prolonged esophageal pH monitoring provides an accurate method of quantitating acid reflux parameters and correlating symptoms with reflux episodes in an outpatient setting. Current equipment is compact, durable, and not difficult to use or extremely expensive. Data analysis, with a particular emphasis on acid-exposure time (total, upright, supine), reliably discriminates between abnormal and normal subjects but it is not a perfect "gold standard" for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Indications for esophageal pH monitoring include: (1) atypical symptoms of acid reflux with normal endoscopy, (2) typical reflux symptoms unresponsive to medical therapy, and (3) the follow-up of reflux disease after either medical or surgical therapy. This test is currently performed primarily by gastroenterologists, but we believe many other groups may find this technology helpful. To meet these expanding applications, test refinements are necessary, particularly easier methods of placing the pH probe and better standards for defining abnormal pH parameters in older patients. The future for esophageal pH monitoring is bright. This technology has the potential to do for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease what endoscopy has done for the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease.
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PMID:Prolonged ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring in the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 220 64

Xifukang is a compound preparation of Chinese herbs consisting of Hanbane grugs mainly. Since 1987, the significant efficiency have been obtained in treatment of 53 patients suffering from silicosis by self-control study. The results indicated that the clinical manifestations including dyspnea, cough, sputum production, chest pain, weakness, etc. were markedly improved (P less than 0.01) and measurements of pulmonary function (FVC, FEV and MVV) significant enhanced (P less than 0.01). After treatment 20 cases roentgenogram exam showed that the lung's clarity and the limited emphysema were improved, the silicolic nodule and mass-mergence opacity of 3 cases lessened in some degree. By discussing the effect of Xifukang which might lower the collagen protein content of experimental silicosis of Wistar rats and improve pathomorphous. The authors concluded that the therapeutic mechanism of Xifukang could be the actions of this remedy on promoting blood circulation to eliminate blood stasis dredging microcirculation, increasing ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q), protecting dust-cells, resisting fibrosis, regulating immune function, enhancing lung clearance, postponing and preventing development of silicosis.
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PMID:[Clinical therapeutic effect of xifukang in 53 patients with silicosis]. 220 23

A 41-year-old male visited with chief complaints of chest pain and cough. The patient was operated on under a diagnosis of invasive thymoma. The tumor was located in the left lobe of the thymus and measured 6 X 9 cm. Since the tumor invaded the left innominate vein, pericardium, and the upper lobe of the left lung, we resected it with adjacent structures. Postoperative pathological examination indicated squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus. Because the tumor metastasized also to the mediastinal lymph nodes, the patient was treated postoperatively by radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy mainly with CDDP. The patient is well presently 2 years after operation without signs of recurrence.
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PMID:[A case of thymic carcinoma]. 221 87

Lymphangiomyomatosis was first reported more than forty years ago. Although its incidence is rare, its occurrence is being increasingly recognized and has been the subject of a growing number of cases reports in recent years. This study adds 2 more cases to the file. Both cases involved young women with the characteristic symptoms of dyspnea, cough, abdominal discomfort and swelling, chest pain, and hemoptysis, with abundant formation of refractory chylous, serous ascites. Although the progression of the disease differed in each case, pulmonary function was affected in a similar way by the presence of obstructive and restrictive defects and a decrease in diffusing capacity. Underlying abnormalities were dilated lymphatics, thickened lymphatic walls, and muscular proliferation of leiomyomatous origin, leading to bronchial restriction. The authors point to the subtlety required in arriving at a differentiated diagnosis of lymphangiomyomatosis lymphangioleiomyomatosis and the difference between the two conditions. They also make particular recommendations in respect to the importance of preliminary hormone receptor tests and to the wisdom to be exercised in ligating a main lymphatic duct in the chest to control the formation of ascites. Pneumothorax, a frequent manifestation of lymphangiomyomatosis, is found to be the result of chronic air trapping due to a combination of narrowing of conducting airways and disruption of normal lung parenchyma.
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PMID:Lymphangiomyomatosis--newer concepts in pathogenesis and management--case reports. 224

Simple cardiopulmonary functions were studied serially in 26 mountaineers between sea level and an altitude of 25,200 ft. Up to 12,000 ft there was no altitude sickness, though there were complaints of leech bite (26.9%) and blisters (3.8%). One member died of exhaustion, two developed pulmonary oedema, one "flu" (at 15,600 ft) and one pleural rub (at 21,000 ft). Up to 16,000 ft altitude, 4 to 7.7% developed diarrhoea or epistaxis only, but at higher levels 25 to 50% subjects developed several symptoms, besides excessive dyspnea. These included diarrhoea (35-60%), vomiting (30%) abdominal pain (35-60%), rectal bleeding (15%), chest pain (10-40%), dry cough (40-60%), giddiness (30%) and poor memory (7.7%). A small rise in blood pressure was seen (for systolic at lower and diastolic at greater altitudes). After 18,200 ft the steady increase seen in VE slowed and the rise in heart rate and respiratory rate (f) became steeper. After a small rise at 7,800 ft, FVC and FEV1 showed a gradual decline at higher altitudes. After a large initial increase in PEFR up to 12,000 ft, a gradual decline was seen. The mean weight loss during the expedition was 8 +/- 2.7 kg. These changes seem to be due to an incomplete acclimatisation, which future mountaineering teams should take into consideration to avoid health problems and improve performance.
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PMID:Cardiopulmonary functional changes in acute acclimatisation to high altitude in mountaineers. 225 31

The authors report an episode of mass psychogenic illness exacerbating respiratory symptoms in military recruits. The epidemic occurred over a 10- to 12-hour period in September 1988, in a group initially complaining of cough and pleuritic chest pain. More than 1,800 men were evacuated from their barracks because of a suspected toxic gaseous exposure. Approximately 1,000 recruits developed at least one new symptom, 375 were evacuated by ambulance to receive further medical evaluation, and at least eight were hospitalized. Air sample testing from the area was unremarkable, and there were few abnormal physical examination or laboratory findings. The epidemiologic investigation included a questionnaire administered 2 weeks after the epidemic to 1,000 of the recruits involved. A total of 55% of those who completed the questionnaire reported the onset of at least one new symptom after supper, with at least 25% reporting the new onset of cough, light-headedness, chest pain, shortness of breath, headache, sore throat, or dizziness. A total of 18% received further medical evaluation. The development of new symptoms and the receipt of further medical evaluation were associated with evidence of physical stress, mental stress, and awareness of rumors of odors, gases, and/or smoke. This epidemic was unique because of its size and its occurrence in an all-male population.
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PMID:An epidemic of respiratory complaints exacerbated by mass psychogenic illness in a military recruit population. 226 May 44

Pneumomediastinum cases admitted to our Respiratory Intensive Care Unit during the past 15 years are reviewed. After excluding secondary and iatrogenic pneumomediastinum, spontaneous pneumomediastinum was diagnosed in seven patients being all of them males. The causative conditions were status asthmaticus in four patients, intense cough in two and Valsalva manoeuver in one patient. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea, chest pain and odynophagia. Subcutaneous emphysema appeared in six patients and there was associated pneumothorax in two cases. ECG was normal in six patients. All cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum had a satisfactory evolution with conservative treatment resolving in four to eight days.
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PMID:[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in adults]. 227 Mar 26


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