Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A link between cigarette smoking and "acute chest syndrome" in sickle cell anemia is suggested. Acute chest syndrome in the patient with sickle cell anemia is characterized by fever, leukocytosis, cough, chest pain, and pulmonary infiltrates in the chest radiograph. This article describes the results of a study of 69 adolescent and young adult sickle cell anemia patients. Twenty-nine of these patients were smokers, three were former smokers, and 37 were nonsmokers. Patients completed respiratory questionnaires that focused on smoking habits and included a history of chest syndrome. Information obtained was confirmed by review of clinical records. The chi-square test demonstrated a strong relationship between cigarette smoking and chest syndrome in sickle cell anemia. All 29 smokers had a history of chest syndrome, but only 24 of 37 nonsmokers had such a history. Although the exact mechanism of the relationship between smoking and the development of acute chest syndrome remains speculative, cigarette smoking joins infection, hypoxia, acidosis, infarction, dehydration, and analgesics as a causative factor in adolescent and adult patients with sickle cell anemia. Behavioral modification of the smoking habit in patients with sickle cell anemia may decrease the frequency of acute chest syndrome and sequelae of sickle cell lung disease.
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PMID:Smoking is a factor in causing acute chest syndrome in sickle cell anemia. 157 2

On February 23, 1992, the Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) was notified that 11 students from two high schools had been treated in two emergency rooms for acute respiratory symptoms (ARS) (i.e., cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, and dyspnea); two students were hospitalized. All of the students had participated in an indoor ice hockey tournament the previous night.
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PMID:Nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide intoxication in an indoor ice arena--Wisconsin, 1992. 158 98

Two patients of unusual cough related stress fractures of the ribs are presented. Both patients complained of cough and chest pain with respiratory infection, and the initial chest radiographs showed only an infiltrative shadow due to bronchopneumonia in the lung field, however, failed to reveal any definite osseous abnormality of the ribs. Follow up chest radiographs revealed a callus formation in the fracture sites. In both patients, fracture sites were multiple and located at the axillary line, and radionuclide bone scan disclosed focal abnormal concentrations of activity in these characteristic locations of the lesions. Moreover, there were abnormal accumulation sites in the adjacent above and below ribs, and this finding also seemed to be characteristic of cough related stress fractures of the ribs.
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PMID:[Bone scintigraphy in two cases with cough related stress fractures of rib]. 160 44

Adenocarcinomas of or in lung that clinically and pathologically mimic diffuse pleural mesotheliomas are rare. We reviewed selected clinical and pathologic features of 15 autopsy/surgical cases previously reported in the medical literature and of 15 additional cases from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). Ninety percent of the patients were men. The median age was 61 years. Sixty-three percent of the patients smoked, 17% of them had possible or definite occupational exposure to asbestos, and one patient had microscopically proven asbestosis. Most patients had chest pain, shortness of breath, or cough, and had unilateral pleural effusion in the chest x-ray. At thoracotomy or at autopsy, numerous nodules, plaques, or a continuous rind of tumor was present over the pleural surface. Microscopically, the tumors showed simplified glands, nests, cords, papillary, tubulopapillary or biphasic patterns of growth. The neoplasms contained mucin that stained with diastase-predigested periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), mucicarmine, and alcian blue (with or without hyaluronidase predigestion). All patients died with/of tumor, with a mean survival of 4.7 months for those reported in the medical literature and of 7 months for those in the AFIP files. These adenocarcinomas therefore mimic pleural mesothelioma not only in their clinical and gross and microscopic appearance, but also in their prognosis.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma: a reappraisal. 160 54

Surgeons managed the care of 39 patients with empyema thoracis at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia between April 1989-March 1990. 33 patients were males. 26 (23 males and 3 females) tested seropositive for HIV and had AIDS. 19 patients (17 male and 2 females) had tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs. Only 2 did not test positive for HIV. The leading complaints of the 39 patients were cough (30), chest pain (29), and generalized lymphadenopathy (28). HIV positive patients stayed in the hospital longer than HIV negative patients (60 days vs. 5 days). Most patients with empyema thoracis (30) were between 16-40 years old, as were AIDS patients (22) and TB patients (19). 2 of the 4 0-5 year old patients with empyema thoracis suffered from AIDS. The leading surgical procedure for the patients with empyema thoracis was intercostal drainage (12). All 12 patients who underwent rib resection were those who suffered from AIDS. Rib resection was required because these patients presented to the hospital late at which time the aspirate had already become thick. The surgeons were able to aspirate the accumulated pus quite easily in 8 of the 9 patients with AIDS who underwent only intercostal drainage. 8 AIDS patients experienced dried up sinuses at 8 weeks. A home care team managed the rib resection patients at home which resulted in a shorter mean duration at the hospital than for intercostal drainage (8 days vs. 0 days). None of the AIDS patients died from the procedure. Yet 3 AIDS patients died within 2 weeks of entry into the hospital. 5 other AIDS patients died within 6 months of their 1st admission. All HIV negative patients recovered satisfactorily. Home care minimized the burden on hospital resources.
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PMID:Management of empyema thoracis at Lusaka, Zambia. 161 46

Sixty-one patients underwent operations for malignant thymomas between 1961 and 1989. Twenty-three patients had associated myasthenia gravis (MG), an incidence of 37.7%. Upon being admitted to the hospital, the patients' most common symptoms included chest pain, MG, cough, and dyspnea. Only 7 of 61 (11.5%) patients had no symptom. Tumor staging of 58 patients with invasive thymomas was performed according to Masaoka classification. The patients were classified as follows: Stage II disease, 5; Stage III, 41; Stage IVa, 8; and Stage IVb, 4. In addition, thymic carcinoma was present in three patients. The series had a resection rate of 55.7%. The incidence of operative complications was 16.3%. Only one patient died of myocardial infarction; the incidence of operative mortality was 1.6%. The patients with MG had a higher rate of resection (69.6%) and a higher incidence of complete thymectomy (14 of 23 patients; 60.9%). Mixed lymphoepithelial tumors and epithelial cell predominant tumors were the most frequent histologic patterns (45.9% and 34.4%, respectively). Fifty-two patients had postoperative radiation therapy, and 10 patients had chemotherapy. The overall cumulative survival rates in the series were 59% and 34% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The results demonstrated that the factors affecting the prognosis may include resectability, postoperative irradiation or chemotherapy, MG, and tumor staging. The influence of histologic variation on survival rates could not be clearly defined in the series. Surgical resection, particularly complete thymectomy, followed by irradiation is the primary option of therapeutic management for malignant thymoma.
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PMID:Malignant thymoma. 161 94

A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with cough, sputum and abnormal chest X-ray. In summer, 1989, she developed cough which gradually worsened in autumn. In November, the chest X-ray revealed a tumorous shadow in the left suprahilar region. On admission, there were no symptoms of bronchial asthma. Chest X-ray revealed a subpleural tumorous shadow in the left upper lung field. X-ray findings suggested that the tumorous shadow in the suprahilar region moved to the left peripheral upper lung field. Left B1+2 orifice obstruction with necrotic tissue was seen on fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Transbronchial biopsies failed to yield specific diagnostic findings, except for bronchitis with exudate containing eosinophils. In February, 1990, she developed hemosputum and left chest pain. Chest X-ray showed consolidation in the left apical lung field. Left upper lobectomy was performed. Histological examination disclosed many granulomas with central necrosis around the bronchi, and aspergillus hyphae were seen. These findings are compatible with bronchocentric granulomatosis without asthma.
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PMID:[A case of bronchocentric granulomatosis presenting as a tumorous shadow on chest X-ray film]. 162 85

A 78-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with cough and left anterior chest pain. Chest X-ray examination on admission revealed a tumor shadow in the left upper lobe. Malignant tumor cells were observed on histopathological examination of a specimen obtained by bronchoscopic biopsy. Radiotherapy was performed but was not effective, and the patient died of respiratory failure 4 months after admission. Autopsy revealed a 15 cm diameter tumor with marked local invasion tendency without distant metastasis. Microscopically, the tumor consisted partly of squamous cell carcinomas, and partly of fibrosarcomas, composed of spindle cells and osteo-chondrosarcoma. The tumor was therefore diagnosed as carcinosarcoma. Immunohistochemical examination showed positive keratin and EMA staining only in the squamous cell carcinoma component of the tumor.
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PMID:[A case of carcinosarcoma of the lung]. 162 91

We have reviewed the role of radiation therapy in the palliative treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The use of radiation treatment results in effective palliation of chest symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain. In addition, the pain and suffering associated with skeletal and hepatic metastases are effectively alleviated by radiation therapy with minimal morbidity. Devastating neurologic complications can be avoided or alleviated in a great proportion of patients undergoing radiation therapy for cerebral metastases and spinal cord compression. Therefore, radiation therapy is a potent modality in relieving or reducing the suffering of patients with lung cancer. This is also a modality that has wide applicability; very few patients are not suitable candidates for that has wide applicability; very few patients are not suitable candidates for treatment regardless of their performance status. The aim of the treatments should always be prompt intervention using radiation therapy schedules that will minimize treatment time yet produce the desired results in a high proportion of patients. Protracted radiation schedules are not warranted in such patients except in special clinical situations. Palliation with radiation therapy is achieved quite promptly, with minimal side effects and a very small risk of any long-term consequences in patients who have a limited life expectancy.
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PMID:Palliative radiotherapy. 170 80

Two policies of palliative thoracic radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer have been compared in a randomised multicentre controlled trial. A total of 369 patients with inoperable, histologically or cytologically confirmed disease, too advanced for radical 'curative' radiotherapy, and with their main symptoms related to the primary intrathoracic tumour even if metastases were present, were studied. They were allocated at random either to a regimen of 17 Gy given in two fractions of 8.5 Gy 1 week apart (F2 regimen), or to a conventional multifractionated regimen of either 30 Gy in ten fractions or 27 Gy in six fractions (a biologically equivalent dose), given daily except at weekends (FM regimen). On admission, 93% of the patients had cough, 47% haemoptysis, 57% chest pain, 58% anorexia, and 11% dysphagia. As assessed by the clinicians, palliation of the main symptoms was achieved in high proportions of patients ranging in the F2 group from 65% for cough to 81% for haemoptysis and in the FM group from 56% for cough to 86% for haemoptysis. Haemoptysis, chest pain, and anorexia disappeared for a time in well over half the patients with these symptoms, and cough in 37%. For all the main symptoms, the median duration of palliation was 50% or more of survival. Performance status improved in approximately half of the patients with a poor status on admission. All these results were similar in the two treatment groups. As assessed daily by the patients using a diary card, the quality of life deteriorated slightly during treatment but then improved steadily during the next 5 weeks. The proportion of patients with dysphagia increased considerably during treatment, but fell to the pretreatment level during the next 2 weeks. The results were similar in the two groups. Radiation myelopathy was suspected in one (F2) patient. There was no difference in survival between the two groups (log-rank test), the median survival time from the date of allocation being 179 days in the F2 and 177 days in the FM group. In the light of all the findings, the regimen of two fractions of 8.5 Gy given 1 week apart is recommended.
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PMID:Inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a Medical Research Council randomised trial of palliative radiotherapy with two fractions or ten fractions. Report to the Medical Research Council by its Lung Cancer Working Party. 170 40


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