Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 19-year-old girl was admitted because of fever, cough and suddenly occurred chest pain. One month earlier she had experienced a fever and cough, then she had felt sudden chest pain 2 weeks prior to the admission. A chest X-ray showed left pneumothorax and massive pleural effusion. A diagnosis of hydropneumothorax was made. In spite of the chest tube drainage, reexpansion of the lung was unsatisfactory. Thoracotomy and decortication of the lung resulted in good reexpansion. Histological finding revealed pleuritis due to bacterial peribronchial infection, which resulted in hydropneumothorax, namely an abscess ruptured to the pleural cavity.
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PMID:[A case of hydropneumothorax]. 143 41

This report is an analysis of the medical records of 83 patients registered between 1960 and 1980 at Helsinki University Central Hospital as having malignant pleural mesothelioma. 65 of 83 patients had histologically confirmed malignant mesothelioma, and are the focus of this analysis. The remaining 18 (22%) patients were excluded because malignant mesothelioma was only confirmed cytologically, or because the primary tumor was not a mesothelioma. The ratio of men to women was 2:1.30 of 65 (46%) patients were not known or not likely to have been exposed to asbestos. The main symptoms at presentation were dyspnea, cough, chest pain, fatigue and weight loss. The median survival from diagnosis was 12 months, and from the onset of symptoms 18 months. Clinical stage and performance status were significant prognostic factors. Hematogenous metastases were present at autopsy in most cases. Disease and performance status therefore need to be well established and documented in clinical trials involving mesothelioma.
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PMID:Diagnosis and prognostic factors in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a retrospective analysis of sixty-five patients. 143 23

A 53-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation in V1-4 with ST-segment depression in the inferior leads, which suggested acute myocardial infarction. He had a cough and a slight fever without chest pain. Serum creatine kinase and its myocardial band were slightly elevated but creatine kinase value did not exceed twice the normal upper limit. Emergent coronary arteriography (CAG) revealed intact coronary arteries. The CAG in a chronic stage again revealed intact coronary arteries. Intracoronary administration of acetylcholine of 100 micrograms to the left coronary artery and 50 micrograms to the right coronary artery provoked diffuse spasm in the right and left coronary arteries. The electrocardiogram (ECG) during the right coronary artery spasm revealed ST-segment depression in the inferior leads with ST-segment elevation in V2 and V3, which resembled the ECG finding at the time of the patient's admission. With intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate, the spasm and ST-segment elevation were resolved. These findings strongly suggest that coronary spasm can cause myocardial injury indicated by a slight elevation of serum creatine kinase value.
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PMID:[A case of painless myocardial injury probably caused by coronary artery spasm]. 143 52

In our experience tuberculin skin anergy (negative response to 10 TU Mantoux) occurs in 8% of patients with tuberculosis. In this study we compare 81 patients with skin anergy and proven tuberculosis with a background reactive population of patients with tuberculosis. Patients with skin anergy and tuberculosis were older and had fewer symptoms--less cough, less sputum production, less haemoptysis, less malaise, less chest pain--than patients with skin reactivity. There was no difference with respect to male/female ratio, marital status, smoking habits, coexistent major illness, prescribed medications at diagnosis, nor the proportion of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, previous history of BCG vaccination or past history of tuberculosis. Comparison of chest radiographs showed more advanced, more bilateral and more miliary disease in the anergic patients. Pyrexia and elevated ESR at diagnosis were also more common in this group. Fewer of the anergic group of patients were consistently culture negative after 1 month's treatment compared to the background population. Mortality was higher in the anergic group, but this excess mortality occurred from causes other than tuberculosis. Repeat Mantoux testing was performed in 20 of the 81 anergic patients, after a minimum of 3 months of antituberculous chemotherapy, and 14 had become tuberculin positive, suggesting that tuberculin skin anergy may be a temporary phenomenon.
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PMID:Skin anergy and tuberculosis. 147 Jul 4

Smoking of alkaloidal cocaine ("crack") has become increasingly prevalent in our society. Recent evidence suggests that crack smoking can cause acute respiratory symptoms, abnormalities in lung function and, in some instances, severe, life-threatening acute lung injury. To evaluate further the relationship between frequent cocaine smoking and respiratory symptoms and lung dysfunction, we studied a sample of 177 heavy, habitual smokers of freebase cocaine (mean 6.6 gm/wk for an average of 27 months) with or without concomitant smoking of tobacco and/or marijuana. Results in this sample were compared with those in a control sample of 75 age-, sex- and race-matched nonsmokers of cocaine who did or did not also smoke tobacco and/or marijuana. After controlling for the use of other smoked substances, heavy, habitual cocaine smoking was associated with the following: (1) a high frequency of acute respiratory symptoms (cough, black sputum, chest pain) in temporal association with freebase use; (2) an obstructive ventilatory abnormality involving the large airways; and (3) a mild but significant impairment in the diffusing capacity of the lung. These findings suggest that heavy, habitual crack smoking produces (1) respiratory tract injury manifested by acute respiratory symptoms and evidence of chronic airflow obstruction in large airways, and (2) an abnormality in diffusion of gas at the alveolar-capillary level. The mechanism of the diffusion defect is unknown but could reflect damage to the alveolar-capillary membrane. Further study of the magnitude, persistence, reversibility, mechanism and clinical significance of the abnormality in diffusing capacity is needed.
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PMID:Respiratory effects of cocaine freebasing among habitual cocaine users. 148 94

Cilazapril is a new once-daily angiotensin-converting (ACE) enzyme inhibitor which has been administered to 4,500 patients with mainly mild to moderate essential hypertension in a multinational clinical research program. Sitting diastolic blood pressure was reduced by about 9 mm Hg from baseline (p less than 0.01) after 4 weeks of treatment with cilazapril 1.25-10 mg/day in double-blind placebo-controlled studies. Total responder rates to cilazapril were usually 50-60% compared with 30% to placebo. Adding hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg/day to cilazapril 5.0 mg/day increased the total responder rate from 52 to 71%. Double-blind dose titration studies for 8 weeks showed that cilazapril 2.5-5 mg/day possessed equivalent efficacy to usual therapeutic regimens of sustained release propranolol, captopril, hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol and enalapril, Cilazapril did not affect heart rate. During long-term open administration for 52 weeks, or longer, cilazapril, either alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, effectively maintained control of blood pressure. Treatment of patients with severe hypertension with cilazapril plus hydrochlorothiazide achieved a total responder rate of 73%. Adverse events were mostly observed within the first 8-16 weeks of treatment, with headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, cough and chest pain being the most frequent. Non-life-threatening angioedema, facial edema and mild hypotension occurred in less than or equal to 0.2% of patients, and orthostatic hypotension was reported in 2%. Abnormal laboratory test values were rarely found with cilazapril treatment. Of the 2.3% of patients with elevated serum creatinine, at any time point during the study and irrespective of outcome on continuation with cilazapril therapy, about two thirds had prior renal impairment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cilazapril: an overview of its efficacy and safety in hypertension. 153 34

To further define the relationship between asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis and restrictive lung function, we investigated the pleural determinants of respiratory symptoms and restrictive physiology in 1,211 sheet metal workers. We evaluated the relationship between specific components of pleural fibrosis (costophrenic angle involvement, diaphragmatic plaques, width and length of pleural fibrosis, pleural calcification, and the type of fibrosis-circumscribed plaque or diffuse pleural thickening) and both forced vital capacity and respiratory symptoms. We found that costophrenic angle involvement, the width and length of pleural fibrosis, and the presence of either circumscribed plaque or diffuse pleural thickening were each significantly associated with a lower FVC. No consistent relationship was observed between FVC and either diaphragmatic plaques or pleural calcification. However, since the pleural abnormalities were highly collinear, none of these abnormalities alone or in combination predicted the reduction in FVC significantly better than a model that included circumscribed plaques and diffuse pleural thickening. We also investigated the relationship of each component of pleural fibrosis with cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. After controlling for appropriate confounders, a trend toward significance was observed between increased width and length of fibrosis and dyspnea with exertion. Otherwise, these pleural abnormalities were not consistently related to any of the three respiratory symptoms. Our results indicate that although pleural plaques and diffuse pleural thickening and their components are independently associated with a lower FVC, these components of pleural fibrosis do not substantially improve the previously defined relationship between FVC and both circumscribed plaques and diffuse pleural thickening. In addition, a trend toward significance was observed between the width and length of the pleural abnormality and dyspnea while hurrying.
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PMID:Pleural determinants of restrictive lung function and respiratory symptoms in an asbestos-exposed population. 840 31

An 80-year-old man was admitted to our division because of hemosputum, cough, and chest pain for three months. A chest roentgenogram, chest CT scanning, and bronchoscopic examinations revealed adenocarcinoma of the lung with atelectasis of the right upper lobe. The patient developed radiation pneumonitis after receiving radiation therapy (5,100 cGy) for lung cancer. At the same time, the right upper lobe atelectasis improved and movement of infiltrates consistent with radiation pneumonitis to the middle lung fields occurred. A chest roentgenogram taken when the atelectasis had improved revealed the absence of pneumonitis shadows in the right upper lobe, suggesting that the atelectatic lung escaped radiation pneumonitis.
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PMID:Atelectatic lung escaping radiation pneumonitis. 154 Nov 73

The records of 20 patients with pathologically diagnosed mediastinal large-cell lymphoma with sclerosis, a recently documented but uncommon subtype of mediastinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, were retrospectively reviewed to determine the clinical and radiologic features of the condition at the time of presentation. The disease was staged according to the Ann Arbor classification: 15 patients presented in clinical stage I or II and 5 in clinical stage III or IV. The patients, 6 women and 14 men, ranged in age from 15 to 63 years (mean = 31 years). Chest pain (experienced by 10 patients), dyspnea (by 9) and cough (by 7) were the most common clinical features. Obstruction of the superior vena cava occurred in seven patients. The mediastinal masses were large (the mean diameter was 10.8 cm) and located anteriorly (prevascularly). They contained low-attenuation areas and were often associated with other sites of mediastinal adenopathy. The initial pathologic diagnosis was incorrect for eight patients (40%). Mediastinal large-cell lymphoma can be added to the differential diagnosis of a large anterior mediastinal mass with obstruction of the superior vena cava.
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PMID:Mediastinal large-cell lymphoma. 156 87

Acute pneumonitis following aspiration of petroleum products is usually related to accidental poisonings in children. We describe here two cases of hydrocarbon pneumonitis in fire-eaters, caused by accidental aspiration of petroleum during the performance of fire-eating. Both patients had cough, dyspnoea, chest pain and fever. Chest X-rays showed basal lung infiltrates and, 2 weeks later, pneumatocele formations. Reversible bronchial hyperresponsiveness and restrictive ventilatory limitation were demonstrated in one of the patients. The bronchoalveolar lavage specimen showed cytoplasmic vacuolation of the macrophages and neutrophilia. After treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids the symptoms disappeared and the lung function values returned to normal within 2-3 weeks. Radiological resolution of the pneumatoceles occurred within 2-12 months.
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PMID:Fire-eater's lung. 157 31


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