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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There were two cases of fatal interstitial pneumonia secondary to bleomycin sulfate administration. Although bleomycin pulmonary toxicity is generally thought to be dose-related and occurs infrequently with a total cummulative dose less than 300 to 400 units, the two reactions reported here occurred with doses of 105 and 165 units. Fatal bleomycin-induced pneumonia has been previously reported at these low dosages, and physicians should be aware that this toxic reaction may occur as an idiosyncratic response. Previous thoracic irradiation may be a predisposing factor. Patients receiving bleomycin should be meticulously monitored by interrogation for cough, dyspnea, and chest pain; by auscultation for rales; by serial chest roentgenograms; and by determinations of vital capacity and single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity.
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PMID:Fatal pulmonary reaction from low doses of bleomycin. An idiosyncratic tissue response. 5 5

Granular cell myoblastoma of the bronchus is rare. Two patients are described, bringing the total reported to 44. Review of the literature shows that cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, and wheezing are frequent presenting symptoms and that distal atelectasis and recurrent or persistent pneumonitis are common roentgenographic findings. Though the histogenesis of this tumor remains controversial, most pathologists now believe that the cells have a neurogenic origin. Adequate open surgical resection is the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Granular cell myoblastoma of the bronchus: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. 18 48

The purpose of this study was to determine whether adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can safely perform pulmonary hygiene measures without compromising their arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) levels (less than 80 per cent). In 15 male veterans with moderate-to-severe COPD an ear oximeter was used to measure SaO2 levels while subjects completed a series of percussion, deep breathing, and coughing maneuvers in the head-down position (50 degree angle). No clinically significant changes in SaO2 levels were found in 14 subjects during pulmonary hygiene measures, but potentially dangerous symptoms were noted in two subjects. Our study supports the monitoring of objective and subjective symptoms during pulmonary hygiene and discontinuance of the procedure if tachycardia, palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain, or other distressful symptoms occur that might indicate hypoxemia.
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PMID:Effect of pulmonary hygiene measures on levels of arterial oxygen saturation in adults with chronic lung disease. 24 25

The clinical, laboratory, and pathological features of six primary lymphoproliferative conditions of the lung are described. These comprise two patients with malignant lymphomas, one with pseudolymphoma, one with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP), one with lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and one with plasma cell granuloma. We recommend that the term 'premalignant lymphoma' be used for pseudolymphoma since the condition, although tending to remain localised, has a malignant potential. A combination of dyspnoea, cough, and pyrexia were the presenting features in our cases of premalignant and malignant lymphoma although they may often be discovered accidentally by chest radiography. The patient with LIP presented with the usual symptoms of dyspnoea and cough. The initial manifestations of the patient with lymphomatoid granulomatosis were skin radh and peripheral neuropathy nine months before the pulmonary symptoms, a not unusual occurrence. Plasma cell granuloma is often asymptomatic but our patient presented with cough, chest pain, haemoptysis. Premalignant lymphoma tends to pursue a benign course although exceptionally it may become disseminated. Malignant lymphoma may remain localised for many years but a significant proportion metastasise. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis and LIP have a varied course but both may terminate in malignant lymphoma. Plasma cell granuloma is always benign. The interrelationships of these conditions and their differential diagnosis are discussed.
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PMID:Primary lymphoproliferative conditions of lung. 30 83

The clinical and radiological characteristics of 217 consecutive episodes of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia occurring in 189 adult cancer patients between November 1968 and December 1974 were analyzed. The majority of patients had acute leukemia (54%). Fever larger than or equal to 101 degrees F was the single most common symptom and sign of the presence of infection (90%). Next in frequency were crepitant rales (65%), cough (41%), dyspnea (19%) and chest pain (18%). Radiographic evidence of pneumonia was found in 83% of cases and it consisted mainly of alveolar infiltrates involving both lung fields and predominantly the bases. Up to one-third of the patients had normal chestx-ray examinations at the onset of infection, though they subsequently became abnormal in 42% of them. The majority of patients (81%) whose initial chest x-rays did not reveal the presence of pneumonia were neutropenic (less than 1000 circumlating neutrophils/mm3). Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most common infecting organisms. The overall cure rate was 61%; 70% for Klebsiella sp. infections and 64% for Pseudomonas sp. infections. Pulmonary abscesses occurred in 14% of the cases. Cures were related to the antibiotic sensitivity of the infecting organisms and to the number of circulating neutrophils during the period of infection. Best results were obtained with the administration of gentamicin, the newer aminoglycoside antibiotic sisomicin, tobramycin and amikacin, or the combination of gentamicin with carbenicillin or with cephalosporins. Early and vigorous therapy of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia with appropriate antibiotics has improved the prognosis of this infection at our institution.
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PMID:Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia in the compromised host. 32 40

The experience with 45 patients with lung abscess over a three-year period at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, is presented. This study confirms the rarity of this disease among Nigerian children and its prevalence in young adults in the third and fourth decades of life. The most common presenting symptoms were purulent cough, chest pain, fever, and life-threatening hemoptysis which was the sole indication for emergency operation in 14 out of 16 patients who were treated surgically. The predominance of these abscesses in the right lung, especially in the superior segment of the lower lobe, supports the fact that aspiration of infected material, following depressed level of consciousness, esophageal obstruction, foreign bodies, and oral sepsis form the major causative factors in patients with lung abscess. The frequent association of sickle cell disease, bronchiectasis, hypertension, and pulmonary aspergilloma contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality attendant to this disease in our environment. Twenty-nine patients were treated medically with five deaths and 16 patients were treated surgically with six deaths. The high operative mortality (37.5 percent) in this series was due to the extreme emergency conditions under which these patients were operated.
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PMID:Lung abscess: a review of three-years' experience at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. 42 74

Varicella pneumonia during pregnancy may be relatively mild or rapidly fatal. Diagnosis is based on the usual criteria for varicella in association with signs and symptoms of respiratory distress: dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis, with characteristic x-ray findings. Treatment should be directed toward maintaining blood oxygen saturation at as near normal as possible (monitored by serial blood gas determinations). The occurrence of congenital varicella is unpredictable, but an infant born within four days of the mother's development of the varicella skin rash is at high risk, with the outcome being fatal in five percent of cases.
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PMID:Varicella pneumonia during pregnancy. 42 71

The characteristics of 11 patients (age range, 13 to 31 yr) with asthma complicated by pneumomediastinum are presented. Nine of 11 patients were male. Cough and chest pain were prominent symptoms in the affected individuals. Subcutaneous emphysema was noted in all but 1 patient who presented with an unusual radiographic finding: a radiolucent rim surrounding the pulmonary artery. Hamman's sign was detected in 7 patients. None of the patients required specific therapy for pneumomediastinum. The pathophysiology of pneumomediastinum was reviewed.
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PMID:Pneumomediastinum as a complication of asthma in teenage and young adult patients. 44 43

Mycoplasmal pneumonia, tularemic pneumonia, Q fever pneumonia, psittacosis, and Legionnaires' disease are the most frequently encountered treatable atypical pneumonias. Mycoplasmal pneumonia, the most common, is often accompanied by nonexudative pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, or otitis. The nonproductive cough is characteristic. Tularemic pneumonia is characterized by substernal chest pain, bloody pleural effusion, and bilateral hilar adenopathy. Although the clinical presentation is mild, roentgenographic findings are impressive. Q fever pneumonia resembles psittacosis but is less serious; it may be accompanied by subacute bacterial endocarditis, hepatitis, or both. Psittacosis is characterized by prominent headache, bloody sputum, and relative bradycardia. Tetracycline is the drug of choice for either. In Legionnaires' disease, pneumonia is accompanied by prominent extrapulmonary symptoms. The most important diagnostic clues include diarrhea and mental confusion. Relative bradycardia and laboratory abnormalities are also helpful. Erythromycin is the drug of choice unless doubt exists as to the diagnosis.
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PMID:The atypical pneumonias: a diagnostic and therapeutic approach. 47 55

In this retrospective study of 115 cases of histoplasmids, there were 66 male and 49 female patients ranging in age from 2 months to 79 years. The most common presenting symptoms were cough, chest pain, wheezing, weight loss, hemoptysis, and shortness of breath. Thirty-five patients (30%) were asymptomatic. Two patients had manifestations of obstruction of the superior vena cava. Radiologic findings simulated carcinoma, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and viral infections. Sixty-five patients had various operative proceudres, such as lung biopsy, wedge resection, lobectomy, pneumonectomy, resection of lymph node, and bypass of superior vena cava, for diagnosis and treatment. There were two deaths and two postoperative complications. A total of 15 patients received intravenous amphotericin B. Four patients with pneumonic infiltrates developed disseminated histoplasmosis.
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PMID:Histoplasmosis: clinical manifestations and surgical management. 47 35


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