Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 458 eligible patients, from 21 centres, with microscopically confirmed SCLC were allocated at random to three chemotherapy regimens, each given at 3-week intervals. In two regimens, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and vincristine were given for a total of either three courses (ECMV3) or six courses (ECMV6). In the third regimen, etoposide and ifosfamide were given for six courses (E16). Patients with limited disease also received radiotherapy to the primary site after the third course of chemotherapy in all three groups. As reported by clinicians, 59% of the ECMV3, 67% of the ECMV6 and 63% of the EI6 patients experienced moderate or severe adverse reactions to their chemotherapy. The major symptoms of disease, cough, haemoptysis, chest pain, anorexia, and dysphagia, were palliated in 63% or more of patients and the median duration of palliation was 63% or more of survival, the results being similar in the three groups. Among patients with poor overall condition, physical activity and breathlessness on admission, the proportions who improved were higher in the EI6 group but the differences were small. In all three groups, levels of anxiety fell substantially during treatment. Levels of depression were lower and showed little change. As assessed by patients using a daily diary card, the patterns of nausea, vomiting, activity and mood, associated with courses of chemotherapy were very similar in the three groups. In the EI6 group there was less dysphagia and better overall condition between courses, but these advantages need to be weighed against the inconvenience of the 24-h infusions required, compared with the 30-min infusions of the other two regimens. As reported in the companion paper (MRC Lung Cancer Working Party, 1993a) there was no statistically significant survival advantage to any of the three regimens, although the results do not exclude the possibility of a minor survival advantage with the two six-course regimens. In conclusion, there was no major clinical gain from continuing chemotherapy beyond three courses or from using the ifosfamide regimen.
 ...
PMID:A randomised trial of three or six courses of etoposide cyclophosphamide methotrexate and vincristine or six courses of etoposide and ifosfamide in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). II: Quality of life. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. 750 4

Pulmonary blastoma (PB) is an uncommon primary lung malignancy. This neoplasm was first described by Barrett and Barnard in 1945. The tumor is composed of immature epithelial and mesenchymal tissues which may recapitulate early embryological lung development. Under the microscope, the globular component resembles immature bronchus and connective tissue as seen in embryonic lung. More than one hundred cases have been reported in the literature. PB is more frequent in older people and in males and tends to affect blacks at younger ages. Symptomatology varies from asymptomatic to symptoms of a non-specific pulmonary disease. Cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, respiratory distress, fever, anorexia and weight loss are the most common presenting features. The most common roentgenologic pattern is a well-demarcated peripheral lesion, encapsulated by compression or atelectatic lung tissue, although in some cases there is a tendency to lobulation and cavitation. The size of the mass varies from a small peripheral nodule to a mass occupying the entire lobe or hemithorax. The treatment of choice has been surgical excision, radiation and, in selected cases, a combination of chemotherapy with radiation. The prognosis of this malignancy is poor; overall five-year survival is approximately 16 percent. No correlation has been established between histopathologic criteria and survival. The factors that indicate poor prognosis are tumor recurrence, metastasis at initial presentation, tumor size over 5 cm and lymph node metastasis. Liver, central nervous system and bones are the most frequent location of distant metastases. A rare case is presented of a pulmonary blastoma with an upper lip metastasis occurring in a paraplegic male. Diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary blastoma presenting as a solitary lip metastasis: case report and review of the literature. 755 26

A 17-year-old Filipina with a three-year history of intermittent, projectile vomiting and weight loss was admitted. A diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease was made, but she was unresponsive to antiulcer therapy. Fever, anorexia, cough, and exposure to tuberculosis were denied. Chest x-ray was normal. On barium swallow, the stomach and duodenal bulb were dilated. Endoscopic antral biopsy showed chronic inflammation. Computed tomography revealed enlarged periportal and peripancreatic lymph nodes and an intrahepatic mass. Liver biopsy failed to show any acid-fast bacilli. On laparotomy, the pyloroduodenal area was extrinsically compressed by surrounding lymph nodes, which, on biopsy, contained granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis and Langhan's giant cells. Gastrojejunostomy was done and antituberculous drugs were given. Pyloric stenosis due to tuberculosis is rare, but it should be considered in patients who come from areas where the disease is endemic. Medical management for such cases may suffice.
 ...
PMID:Tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis presenting as pyloric stenosis. 755 42

Several pharmacologic agents provide antihistamine effects by acting at the H1 histamine receptor site. The classic agents are relatively nonselective, resulting in a wide range of effects, both therapeutic and undesirable. The newer agents preferentially block peripheral H1 receptor sites and, consequently, have fewer side effects, including sedation. Antihistamines are useful in the treatment of allergic conditions, Parkinson's disease, insomnia and some forms of nausea, and provide symptomatic relief of cough and other conditions associated with respiratory tract infections. Certain agents may play a role in the treatment of asthma and anorexia. Selection of a specific agent should be based on cost and the minimization of side effects. The classic antihistamines provide an inexpensive and highly effective means of treating histamine-mediated symptoms. The bothersome central nervous system side effects can be alleviated by taking the drugs at bedtime; their prolonged tissue half-life allows dosing once or twice a day for 24-hour clinical relief. The newer, more expensive nonsedating antihistamines are acceptable alternatives for patients who are incapable of tolerating the effects of classic agents.
 ...
PMID:Antihistamines: the old and the new. 762 32

Mercury toxicosis by ingestion was diagnosed in a 3-year-old Quarter Horse mare with a history of anorexia and signs of abdominal discomfort. Ten and 9 days prior to admission, an inorganic mercuric blistering agent has been applied for topical treatment of dorsal metacarpal disease. At referral, signs of depression, dependent edema, pollakiuria, nonproductive cough, and oral ulceration were noticed. Laboratory data were consistent with renal dysfunction. Mercury content of blood and urine was high, confirming the diagnosis. The horse responded to intensive care, consisting primarily of IV fluid treatment, and mercury-chelating agents. However, acute laminitis developed, and the owners elected to euthanatize the horse 18 days after mercury exposure. Necropsy findings included renal tubulonephrosis and ulcerative colitis and enteritis. Mercury concentration was highest in kidney and liver tissues. The potential for mercury toxicosis in horses currently exists, and although the prognosis is grave, some horses may recover with appropriate treatment and long-term supportive medical care.
 ...
PMID:Mercury toxicosis caused by ingestion of a blistering compound in a horse. 775 Dec 24

Histoplasmosis is known to be endemic in various parts of the world, especially in North and Latin America. In Japan, Histoplasma capsulatum has rarely been isolated from the natural environment. To date, only seven cases of histoplasmosis have been reported in Japan including some that were contracted in foreign countries. Herein, we report the occurrence of acute histoplasmosis among Japanese travelers who were exposed to bat guano in a cave near Manaus, Brazil. A group of 8 Japanese travelers entered a cave for a total of 2 hours in March, 1993. All the visitors had been healthy and had no history of abnormal chest roentgenograms. From 10 to 20 days after the exposure, 7 (87.5%) of the 8 individuals developed abnormal symptoms including fever, malaise, loss of appetite, myalgia, arthralgia, chest pain and dry cough. Five (62.5%) had nodular infiltrative shadows with or without hilar lymphadenopathy in the chest roentgenograms. Eight (100%) of the individuals showed serologic evidence of histoplasmosis. Despite the small number of subjects, this high rate of infection may be related to the fact that the subjects stayed in an enclosed area where air exchange was minimal, at the end of a deep cave infested with numerous bats. The cave involved has never been documented as being endemic for histoplasmosis. The threat of H. capsulatum infection in bat-inhabited caves should be emphasized to travelers and also to physicians.
 ...
PMID:[An outbreak of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis among travelers to a bat-inhabited cave in Brazil]. 775 54

The authors describe the case of widespread miliary tuberculosis, that arose in a ten year-old Indonesian girl of middle-class, who has been living in Italy from about three years. The girl was probably contaminated by a subject belonging to the same ethnic-social community, who was affected with tubercular disease. The diagnosis was effected on the ground of: clinical picture including continued-remitting fever, a loose cough, asthenia, anorexia, weight reduction, aching tumefaction on the left side of the neck; isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the expectoration, blood, urine, and a lymph node located on the left side of the neck; radiological picture that revealed a widespread miliary tuberculosis. In spite of polychemotherapy with isoniazid , rifampicin, pirazinamide, and streptomycin that was subsequently replaced by ethambutol, the course of the illness worsened and it was characterized with fever, cachexia, respiratory insufficiency and repeated episodes of pneumothorax. For such reasons on the ground of susceptibility to the antibiogram amikacin and ciprofloxacin, as well as glucocorticoids to limit the fibrousness, were added to the specific therapy that was already being out. For persisting of relapsing pneumothoraxes, the patient underwent a thoracoscopy and plerodesis with talcum powder. After four months of antitubercular therapy, the research of M. tuberculosis resulted negative in the expectoration, urine, bronchus-alveolar washing liquid and blood, in addition to improvement in general state of health with remission of fever was noticed.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical-therapeutic considerations in a case of miliary tuberculosis in an indonesian girl]. 776 66

The incidence and clinical pattern of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and the contribution of individual laboratory procedures in the diagnosis of TPE were assessed in a five year prospective study. Two hundred and fifty-three patients presenting in three participating hospitals with pleural effusion (PE) were assessed clinically and had various laboratory investigations. Eighty-nine (35.2%) of them, including 73 (82%) men and 31 (34.8%) Saudis had TPE. Their mean age +/- SD was 33.4 +/- 11.2 years. Main symptoms in rank order were cough (80%), fever (75%), shortness of breath (64%), chest pain (61%), anorexia and weight loss (47%). PPD was positive in 82 (92%) patients. Positive culture or histological evidence of tuberculosis (TB) was observed in pleural biopsy (68.5%), pleural fluid (10%) and sputum (2%). Pleural fluid microscopy was positive in only one patient, chest radiological features of TB in 3 (3.4%). Six months anti-TB therapy resulted in complete recovery in 86 patients. It is concluded that in this community TPE constitutes over a third of all the causes of PE. The relatively young age of patients reflects the age structure of the indigenous population as well as immigrant workers. PPD, histology and culture of pleural biopsy were the most useful diagnostic tools while pleural fluid and sputum microscopy were unhelpful. The 6-months anti-TB therapy was excellent.
 ...
PMID:Tuberculous pleural effusion in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. 785 16

The dilemma of private practitioners is whether to prescribe or not to prescribe iron supplements on suspicion of anaemia. This cross sectional study was done in an urban squatter settlement with a primary health care centre to assess the significance of symptoms and a history of associated diseases in the diagnosis of anaemia. A total of 321 children were sampled from 1800 children < 5 years of age in a population of 11,000, by systematic random sampling. Mothers were asked about the presence of assumed associated symptoms and diseases which were listlessness, irritability, anaemia, pica, poor weight gain, diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection and malaria in last 3 months. There was significant association between anaemia (Hb < 11 gms%) and irriability (P < .02), anorexia for solid foods (P < .04), pica (P < .001), episode of diarrhoea (P < .001) and poor weight gain (P < .006). There was no significant association between malaria, cold, cough and anaemia. Children with these symptoms complex should receive iron supplements.
 ...
PMID:Anaemia in children: Part II. Should primary health care providers prescribe iron supplements by the observation and presence of assumed symptoms? 786 85

At the two largest open air markets in Kumasi, Ghana, interviews were conducted with 143 women who had at least one child aged less than five years. Researchers wanted to examine their knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children. The women tended to be married, Christian, from the Ashanti tribe, aged 20-29 years, and to have 2-3 living children. 73.4% had a child or children who had suffered from cough and fever within the last six months. 73.4% named exposure to cold as a direct cause of cough. Many women incorrectly blamed worm infestation for causing cough and fever (21%) and constipation for causing cough (25.9%). None mentioned pathogens as a cause of cough and fever. None said that good ventilation and avoidance of overcrowding prevent cough and fever. The more serious the symptoms, the more likely the mothers were to seek treatment at a health care facility (e.g., cough only, 0.7%; cough and fever, 6.3%; cough, fever, and anorexia, 30%; and cough, fever, and lethargy, 57.3%). Common home care practices for treating a runny nose included ephedrine or other types of nasal drops, herbal medicines, antipyretics, and antibiotics. 39.9% would use antibiotics to treat coughs. Honey and cough syrup were often used to treat cough and fever. Some herbal and home care therapies had potentially harmful effects. For example, 25.9% said that they used castor oil and enemas to prevent ARI. The women had an acceptable knowledge score on severity of symptoms (mode = 15/20; range = 11-18). These findings indicate a need for a health education program targeting mothers of children aged less than five years.
 ...
PMID:Maternal knowledge, attitude and practices regarding childhood acute respiratory infections in Kumasi, Ghana. 788 91


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>