Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Analysis of questionnaire responses of 70208 persons undergoing multiphasic health checkups showed a greater proportion of cigarette smokers than nonsmokers (excesses averaging 1.6-fold in white men, 1.3-fold in white women) admitting to nine types of chest pain. This excess in smokers was greater in younger individuals, and applied about equally to anginalike and nonanginalike pain. The smoking/chest pain association was not explained by greater alcohol or coffee consumption, diminished pain tolerance, or less reliability among smokers; nor did it appear to be mediated chiefly by excess cough, shortness of breath, coronary disease, or musculoskeletal complaints in smokers. Although smokers averaged more complaints than nonsmokers, chest pain resembled clearly smoking-related symptoms, such as cough, when the number of each subject's complaints was considered. Although more smokers had chest pain no type of pain was unique to smokers, suggesting that the "tobacco angina" concept be discarded or reserved for rare patients with coronary heart disease in whom smoking clearly provokes angina pectoris.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking and chest pain. 114 21

With the availability of a wide selection of antihypertensive drugs acting by different mechanisms, it should be possible to match the requirement of individual patients with the pharmacological and clinical properties of an appropriate agent. Although the concept of stepped-care therapy is now largely outdated, therapy must be initiated with one agent. Diuretics remain a first-choice option in the elderly and in Black patients, as do calcium antagonists. In patients with ischaemic heart disease or enhanced adrenergic drive, beta-blockers are preferred. Calcium antagonists or ACE inhibitors are finding increasing use as initial therapy when quality of life is important and metabolic neutrality is required. The choice of antihypertensive agent may be limited by adverse effects, e.g. pedal oedema with nifedipine, constipation with verapamil, and cough with ACE inhibitors. Certain advantages are evident for both calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors. Calcium antagonists are more likely to be effective first-line therapy than ACE inhibitors in Black patients, in those with a high salt intake, in patients with Raynaud's disease, and when angina pectoris is present. ACE inhibitors are preferred for use in combination with diuretic agents, and in the presence of congestive heart failure or low salt intake. Combination therapy between these 2 drug classes is finding increasing acceptance because of its many theoretical advantages, and may provide a means of maximising benefit.
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PMID:Choosing the correct drug for the individual hypertensive patient. 128 79

A population survey was conducted in 1982-1983 among 3,812 persons aged 65 years and older residing in East Boston, Massachusetts, a geographically defined urban community. Three measurements of peak expiratory flow rate were obtained by using calibrated mini-Wright meters. Peak expiratory flow rate was strongly related to age, sex, smoking, and years smoked. After adjustment for these factors, low peak expiratory flow rate was associated with chronic respiratory symptoms (cough, wheeze, shortness of breath, exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; p less than 0.0001) and with certain cardiovascular variables (history of stroke, p = 0.0014; angina, p = 0.05; and high pulse rate, p = 0.004). No significant associations were found with history of myocardial infarction or systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Peak expiratory flow rate was positively related to education (p less than 0.0001) and income (p less than 0.0001). Peak expiratory flow rate also was strongly related (p less than 0.0001) to measures of functional ability and physical activity, self-assessment of health, and simple measures of cognitive function. The correlations of peak expiratory flow rate with pulmonary symptoms and other indices of chronic disease raise the possibility that peak expiratory flow rate will predict mortality in an elderly population.
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PMID:Peak expiratory flow rate in an elderly population. 278 11

A health survey of 2,039 persons in 606 households located near the Stringfellow Hazardous Waste Disposal site, Riverside County, California, and in a reference community was conducted to assess whether rates of adverse health outcomes were elevated among persons living near the site. Data included a household questionnaire, medical records of reported cancers and pregnancies, and birth and death certificates. The study areas appeared similar with respect to mortality, cancer incidence, and pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, rate ratios were greater than 1.5 for 5 of 19 reported diseases, i.e., ear infections, bronchitis, asthma, angina pectoris, and skin rashes. Prevalence odds ratios for 23 symptoms were uniformly greater than 1.0, and 8 symptoms had odds ratios greater than 1.5: blurred vision, pain in ears, daily cough for more than a month, nausea, frequent diarrhea, unsteady when walking, and frequent urination. The apparent broad-based elevation in reported diseases and symptoms may reflect increased perception or recall of conditions by respondents living near the site. These results indicate that future community-based health studies should include medical and psychosocial assessment instruments sufficient to distinguish between changes in health status and effects of resident reporting tendency.
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PMID:A health study of two communities near the Stringfellow Waste Disposal site. 317 89

Giant-cell or temporal arteritis is a generalized vasculitis that predominantly affects large- and medium-sized arteries in people over 50 years of age. The illness is commonly characterized by the initial symptoms of headache, temporal artery tenderness or pulselessness, musculoskeletal pain, fever, and fatigue. The most dreaded consequence of giant-cell arteritis is visual loss, which is usually irreversible on presentation. Giant-cell arteritis may present with unusual clinical manifestations such as lip, scalp, and tongue necrosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, claudication of the limbs, strokes, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hematuria, cough, or other CNS symptoms. The etiology of the disease is unknown. Emergency physicians are usually familiar with the more common clinical symptoms but one must consider the unusual manifestations of the disease, because early recognition and initiation of therapy (steroids) decrease morbidity and can prevent blindness.
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PMID:Giant-cell arteritis. 379 80

Data on 13 baseline characteristics of 618 patients who had previously had a myocardial infarction and who had entered the Ontario Exercise-Heart Collaborative Study were analysed for their ability to predict recurrence of infarction within 3 years. These characteristics were age, serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, number of hours of competitive sports per week, number of hours of jogging per week, angina, type of occupation, smoking, cough and phlegm production, personality type and the number of previous infarctions. The characteristics showing independent statistical significance (p less than 0.05) were smoking and blue-collar occupation, with estimated adjusted relative odds of 2.3 and 2.1 respectively.
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PMID:Characteristics that predicted recurrence of infarction within 3 years in the Ontario Exercise-Heart Collaborative Study. 634 38

The efficacy and safety of cilazapril in chronic heart failure have been extensively investigated in an international clinical program in patients with underlying chronic heart failure with ischemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. Cilazapril in single doses of 1.25-5 mg produced a significant dose-dependent reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance and a significant increase in cardiac index. In placebo-controlled studies, 1-5 mg of cilazapril once daily for 12 weeks prolonged predose exercise test duration and improved New York Heart Association classification status and signs and symptoms of chronic heart failure, including paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Up to 86% of patients receiving these dosages had improvement, with only 12% of patients requiring the higher dose, 5 mg. These data indicate that cilazapril is effective when administered once daily to patients with chronic heart failure receiving concomitant therapy with digitalis and/or a diuretic. The safety of cilazapril in patients with chronic heart failure has been evaluated in 1,163 patients administered from 0.5 to 15 mg once daily for treatment periods ranging from 1 day to 57 months. Cilazapril was administered to 500 patients for at least 6 months, 264 patients for at least 1 year, and 101 patients for at least 2 years. The most frequently occurring adverse events were dizziness, coughing, dyspnea, fatigue, angina pectoris, and headache. Cilazapril was equally well tolerated by young and elderly patients. Treatment was discontinued due to adverse events in 12.9% of patients, mainly as a result of coughing (1.7%) and dizziness (1%). Forty-four patients (3.8%) died during cilazapril therapy or during a period without treatment. Of these deaths, 93% were due to cardiac causes, especially rhythm disturbances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Heart failure therapy with cilazapril: an overview. 770 63

Heartburn and epigastric pain are the leading symptoms of reflux disease. Next to other symptoms like pharyngeal burning, regurgitation and retrosternal pain, chronic hoarseness and coughing as well as angina pectoris symptoms may point towards a pathological reflux. In endoscopically verified reflux esophagitis proton pump inhibitors are the treatment of first choice. Aim of therapy is loss of symptoms, healing of epithelial defects and prevention of Barrett's esophagus. If a columnar epithelium-lined esophagus is seen, surveillance is recommended in one- or two-year intervals.
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PMID:[Reflux disease and Barrett esophagus--monitoring and therapy]. 802 95

We conducted a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial in order to evaluate the long-term effects of captopril (50 mg/day), digoxin (0.25 mg/day) and placebo on quality of life, cardiovascular events, clinical symptoms and exercise tolerance in patients with documented myocardial infarction, resulting in regional wall motion abnormalities, and with mild heart failure (NYHA class II to III without treatment) and exercise not limited by angina. 222 patients were studied, 63 were randomized to captopril, 66 to digoxin, 67 to placebo. Follow-up was conducted for two years. Base line characteristics in the three treatment groups were similar. After one year of therapy, digoxin had significantly improved general well-being (p < 0.01 vs captopril), symptom score (p < 0.05 vs captopril and placebo), and vitality (p < 0.05 vs captopril). Digoxin improved NYHA class in 45% as compared to placebo (28%, p < 0.05). Worsening of angina was more frequent with captopril as compared to digoxin (p < 0.05). However, cardiovascular events during follow-up were lower in the captopril group as compared to placebo and digoxin (p < 0.01 captopril vs placebo). No differences between groups were observed in baseline and follow-up exercise tolerance between the three groups. Dizziness during upright tilt and cough were more frequent with captopril as compared to digoxin or placebo. After two years of follow-up (captopril n = 32, digoxin n = 29, placebo n = 27) general well-being was improved with both digoxin and captopril (p < 0.004 and p < 0.03 vs placebo).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Captopril versus digoxin in patients with coronary artery disease and mild heart failure. A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study. The CADS Study Group. 812 24

The common symptoms of constrictive pericarditis, i.e. dyspnea on exertion, shortness of breath and cough, relate to impairment of ventricular filling and to a progressive rise in systemic and pulmonary venous pressures. Myocardial ischemia, angina and myocardial infarction are rarely associated with this disease. We have encountered two patients with constrictive pericarditis, one presenting with angina and the other with acute anterior wall infarction. Possible etiologies of constrictive pericarditis in the first case include cardiac surgery, chronic renal failure and myocarditis; in the second case, Crohn's disease. The proposed mechanism of chest pain in the first patient was a reduced cardiac output resulting in underperfusion of the coronary arteries, although it is possible that the patient experienced angina due to the presence of severe coronary artery disease. In the second patient an anterior wall infarction and post-infarction angina were attributed to obliteration of the left anterior descending artery by constraint of a thickened pericardium. In both cases non-invasive imaging modalities were not of use in establishing the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. Clinical awareness and accurate hemodynamic measurements continue to play a key role in the diagnostic process.
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PMID:Observations of angina and myocardial infarction in constrictive pericarditis. 831 45


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