Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 36-year-old man with hemophilia A was admitted to hospital because of otalgia, hearing loss, nasal obstruction, nonproductive cough, and high fever. His laboratory data showed high-grade acute inflammatory reactions. His chest X-ray and CT films showed multiple cavitary masses in the right lower lung field. Bronchoscopy performed at our institution revealed bronchial nodules in the intermediate truncus, and BAL revealed increases in the neutrophils and an IgG index (BAL IgG/albumin divided by serum IgG/albumin). Biopsy specimens obtained from nasal mucosa showed epithelioid granulomas with Langerhans' giant cells and necrotizing vasculitis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were also positive, but no evidence of glomerulonephritis was observed. The diagnosis of limited Wegener's granulomatosis was thus made. He was treated with standard therapy (daily cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids), but within 1 month he had complications of empyema with herpes zoster, and bronchopleural fistula. The complications resolved with appropriate treatment.
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PMID:[A case of limited Wegener's granulomatosis with hemophilia A, complicated by empyema, bronchopleural fistula and herpes zoster during therapy]. 781 60

Sputum samples were collected from 15 immotile cilia syndrome (ICS) cases, 12 diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) cases, and 11 bronchiectasis without ICS (BE) cases, during stable clinical state, to clarify the physicochemical properties of sputum from patients with ICS and to compare them with the properties of sputum from patients with DPB and BE. We measured sputum rheological properties and concentrations of several biochemical components. In ICS, spinnability was higher than that in DPB. No significant difference was seen between ICS and the other cases regarding other rheological properties. Albumin was lower, but fucose, sialic acid, and IgA were higher in ICS than in DPB. Although no significant difference was seen between ICS and BE, the sialic acid/albumin ratio was higher and the sialic acid/fucose ratio was lower in ICS than in BE. These results revealed that sputum from ICS cases was characterized by an absolutely or relatively increased mucus component with high spinnability and by a decreased extravascular transudate component. In view of these rheological properties, sputum from ICS cases was not always indicated to be associated with efficiency in cough clearance. The results suggested that chronic airway inflammation in ICS is not such a serious problem compared with DPB and BE.
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PMID:[Physicochemical properties of sputum from patients with immotile cilia syndrome]. 812 Oct 92

A 76-year-old male patient suffered from recurrent bacterial pneumonia of the right upper lobe and both lower lobes since 2 years after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. He was treated with antibiotics repeatedly without complete remission. Meanwhile, chronic cough, purulent sputum, and persistent bilateral pulmonary infiltration developed gradually. Upper digestive tract endoscopy showed moderate reflux esophagitis. For diagnosis, we performed upper digestive tract scintigraphy, a "modified-salivagram", to detect aspiration and GER. Although aspiration was not detected, GER reaching to the upper portion of the esophagus was observed 46 min after taking radio-labeled albumin, and chronic aspiration pneumonia with GER was thus diagnosed. Bed blocks and gragling with ponvidone-iodine after meals and before sleep greatly improved the symptoms of cough and sputum. The bilateral infiltrative shadows disappeared with resolution of symptoms. Chronic aspiration resulting from GER is an important cause of chronic airway infection. Even if a patient with reflux esophagitis is asymptomatic, chronic aspiration pneumonia should be suspected in cases of recurrent or persistent pneumonia in both lower lobes. The "modified-salivagram" is a sensitive test to detect aspiration and GER in hypoacidic states, such as in total gastrectomy and elderly patients.
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PMID:[A case of chronic aspiration pneumonia after total gastrectomy caused by gastroesophageal reflux revealed by a "modified-salivagram"]. 827 18

We treated three patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who had an acute clinical exacerbation. We analyzed their clinical, radiographic, therapeutic, and pathologic findings. Their initial symptoms were influenza-like illness or cough with fever, and all had leukocytosis and elevation of C-reactive protein. Infectious events were ruled out by extensive bacteriologic and serologic examination. The patients' lung injury scores progressed rapidly to severe lung injury compatible with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Findings from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed marked neutrophilia and elevation of albumin concentrations. All patients showed various degrees of improvement following corticosteroid therapy. Histologic findings from open lung biopsy specimens showed both usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and organizing acute lung injury pattern. Whether these two forms of interstitial pneumonia (UIP and acute lung injury pattern) are variants of one disease or are unrelated and also the effectiveness of corticosteroid therapy on such conditions remain to be determined by further studies.
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PMID:Acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Analysis of clinical and pathologic findings in three cases. 840 4

Although in the clinic the presence of mucus in the airways is known to be an important factor influencing the sound of coughing in pathological conditions, this observation has not been established experimentally. We have substituted mucus in the airways of anaesthetized cats with 0.5 ml of natural undiluted egg albumin (EA) from hens' eggs, or with 1 ml of 10% pig gastric mucin (PGM) in saline. There were obvious changes in the character of cough sounds and significant increases in the intensity of the sounds (+76% with EA, +36% with PGM). The intensity of cough efforts significantly increased but only in the cats with addition of PGM (mean 30%). Removal of EA or PGM caused the opposite effects, a decrease in cough sounds (-41%) and intensity of cough effort (-52%), with simultaneous changes in the character of the cough sounds. There were no clear-cut patterns of cough sounds as has been described for humans. The cough sounds were often present not only during the expiratory phase of cough but also during the inspiratory phase. The results establish an important role of mucus in the airways in the creation of cough sounds.
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PMID:Influence of simulated mucus on cough sounds in cats. 843

There have been several reports describing that immunoadsorption therapy improves the neurologic involvement in Fisher's syndrome (FS). However, few studies have assessed the usefulness of immunoadsorption therapy in view of the removal ability of anti-GQ(1b) antibody, which may function the development of FS. We examined the ability of immunoadsorbents for the anti-GQ(1b) antibody in a patient with FS. A 28-year-old woman developed diplopia and giddiness following a cough, fever and diarrhea. On admission (day 22), neurologic examination showed bilateral moderate oculomotor paralysis and bilateral complete abducens paralysis. She had areflexia, numbness of middle and ring fingers on the left and mild ataxic gait. Her serum had IgG anti-GQ(1b) and anti-GD(1b) antibodies. We examined the absorption of anti-ganglioside antibodies onto a polyvinyl alcohol gel (PVA), a phenylalanine-linked PVA (PH-350) and a tryptophan-linked PVA (TR-350) by the batchwise adsorption method. TR-350 absorbed the autoantibodies, but the removal ability of autoantibody by PVA and PH-350 was not proved. The FS patient was treated with TR-350 (days 29, 34 and 43) and PH-350 (day 39). Anti-GQ(1b) and anti-GD(1b) antibodies were significantly removed by the TR-350, in accordance with the results of the in vivo study. There was little loss of albumin as compared with the immunoglobulins and complements. The numbness and ataxia disappeared on day 44. The diplopia disappeared on day 106. TR-350 would be better than PH-350 in the treatment of FS by immunoadsorption therapy.
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PMID:[Immunoadsorption therapy on Fisher's syndrome--removal ability of anti-ganglioside antibodies by tryptophan-linked immunoadsorbent]. 866 31

A case report of a 40-year-old female dental technician with a 13-year history of methyl methacrylate exposure is presented. Symptoms of dyspnea, wheezing, coughing and rhinorrhea occurred 6-8 months after the first occupational contact with methyl-methacrylate containing substances. Skin tests performed with a battery of common allergens produced negative results. While performing a provocation test with methyl-methacrylate, the patient developed severe stridor and dyspnea with concomitant decrease in I second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and peak respiratory flow (PEF). The increase in leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils, albumin, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and mast cell tryptase occurred in nasal lavage fluid after bronchial provocation test. The authors conclude that methyl-methacrylate may cause asthma (probably non-atopic) in persons occupationally exposed to its effect.
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PMID:[Bronchial asthma with inflammation of the nose mucous membrane induced by occupational exposure to methyl methacrylate in a dental technician ]. 876 May 10

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce proteinuria in both normotensive and hypertensive patients with proteinuric renal disease. However, the mechanism of the antiproteinuric effect has not been clarified. We performed a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover trial to test the hypothesis that the antiproteinuric effect of ramipril was due to an improvement in glomerular permselectivity independent of blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. The effect of low-dose (1.25 mg/d) and high-dose (5 mg/d) ramipril was assessed in 15 normotensive nondiabetic patients with proteinuria (> 150 mg/d). The study was divided into four 12-week periods: placebo, high- or low-dose ramipril, crossover to low- or high-dose ramipril, and placebo. Blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow rate, urinary protein excretion rate, and plasma angiotensin II levels were measured at the end of each period. Mean arterial pressure, urine protein to creatinine ratio, and albumin excretion rate decreased significantly during low- and high-dose ramipril. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow rate were not changed significantly. Plasma angiotensin II levels decreased with both low- and high-dose ramipril. There were no episodes of hypotension and only one subject developed cough during ramipril that did not require discontinuation of the study drug. In conclusion, administration of ramipril in both low and high doses lowered blood pressure and reduced proteinuria in this cohort of normotensive patients with a variety of proteinuric renal diseases. The antiproteinuric effect of ramipril is probably mediated by a reduction in glomerular capillary pressure.
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PMID:Effect of ramipril on blood pressure and protein excretion rate in normotensive nondiabetic patients with proteinuria. 895 34

To identify easily ascertainable sociodemographic and health characteristics that are associated with hypoalbuminemia in community-dwelling older persons, we used data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This population-based stratified probability sample survey included 4728 persons aged 55-74 y. We defined hypoalbuminemia in two ways: < 35 g/L (1.2% of the sample) or < or = 38 g/L (7.9% of the sample) and used multivariate logistic models to identify independent predictors of hypoalbuminemia. Older age; receiving welfare; a condition interfering with eating; vomiting > or = 3 d/mo; previous surgery for gastrointestinal tumor; self-reported heart failure; recurring cough attacks; feeling tired or wornout; edentulous, fair, or poor condition of teeth; little or no exercise; a low-salt diet; trouble chewing meat; self-reported protein albumin, blood, or sugar in urine; and current cigarette smoking were independently associated with albuminemia (< or = 38 g/L) or progressively lower albumin concentrations < 40 g/L. Persons with 3-5 of these factors (51.5% of the sample) had an odds ratio of 2.73 (95% CI: 1.64, 4.54) and those with > or = 6 factors (9.4% of the sample) had an odds ratio of 6.44 (95% CI: 3.49, 11.86) of albuminemia < or = 38 g/L compared with those with 0-2 risk factors (39.1% of the sample). These findings suggest that several easily assessed sociodemographic, lifestyle, and disease-related factors are associated with hypoalbuminemia and might be valuable items to include on general health surveys to identify older persons who have this marker of poor health status.
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PMID:Correlates of hypoalbuminemia in community-dwelling older persons. 920 67

A 67-yr-old woman with a history of myocardial infarct was admitted to emergency for marked dyspnea, nonproductive cough, nausea and fever. The thorax X-ray revealed a bilateral alveolar and interstitial infiltration pattern with basal accentuation. The cardiac examinations were normal. Technegas ventilation and Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) perfusion scans were performed to rule out pulmonary embolism. Bilateral multiple ventilation defects with normal perfusion was observed. The patient had been taking nitrofurantoin for four days for a bladder infection. Hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin was suspected and the drug was discontinued. An antihistaminic and anxiolytic medication was started. The majority of the clinical symptoms disappeared within 24 hours. The control chest X-rays disclosed a marked improvement. Ventilation and perfusion scans obtained 48 hours after nitrofurantoin withdrawal were normal. The drug-related pulmonary reactions should be taken into account in patients on medication. Reversible ventilation defects can be the only lung-scintigraphic finding encountered in acute pulmonary nitrofurantoin reaction.
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PMID:Transient reverse ventilation-perfusion mismatch in acute pulmonary nitrofurantoin reaction. 931 Jan 79


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