Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0010200 (cough)
 23,843 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-five patients (25 male and 20 female) over 12 years of age with cystic fibrosis have been studied clinically, radiologically and physiologically. Their mean age at the first visit was 17 years; they were followed for a mean period of 4 years and attended at least every six months. The first symptom which developed before the age of five in 42 of the 45 patients was respiratory. Thirty-two of the 45 patients had severe lung disease (Group III) at the start of the study of the seven patients died during the study. Cough and sputum were almost universal, 23 had haemoptyses and eight pneumothoraces. Staphylococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the common pathogens isolated from sputum and the increasing prevalence of the latter was again confirmed. Acquisition of the mucoid strain of pseudomonas signified poor prognosis. Established infection was never eradicated. Forty-three patients had evidence of pancreatic insufficiency; in all but one patient the symptoms were mild and five patients abandoned dietary restriction and pancreatin without ill effect. Seven patients had symptoms of partial bowel obstruction (meconium ileus equivalent) but only one required surgical relief. The liver was enlarged in seven patients and the spleen was felt in three. Three patients had diabetes mellitus. The influence of cystic fibrosis on growth and development is reported--the growth spurt is late in the majority but growth failure is not confined to those with severe lung infection or malabsorption and in these circumstances remains unexplained. Mean weight was low in relation to height and puberty was delayed in both sexes.
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PMID:Cystic fibrosis in adolescents and adults. 82 Oct 91

Abdominal wound dehiscence is a surgical complication with a high morbidity rate but which is associated with predictable and preventable factors. During a 10 year period (1966 to 1975) at the New York Lying-In Hospital, 70 cases were found on the obstetric-gynecologic service, and these cases were analyzed to see why dehiscence remains a problem. Those factors contributing to dehiscence include obesity, pre-existing pulmonary and cardiovascular problems, vertical incisions, the triad of ileus, vomiting, and coughing, and, to a lesser extent, hypoproteinemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and wound infection. The incidence of abdominal wound dehiscence would be much lower if high-risk patients were identified, adequate pulmonary toilet was used, ileus was promptly treated with abdominal decompression, and strict attention was paid to electrolyte and protein balance in the pre- and post-operative period. The management of abdominal wound dehiscence is also discussed.
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PMID:Abdominal wound dehiscence. 87 48

A retrospective study of 137 patients with blood culture-positive typhoid fever admitted to the paediatric unit of the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia was carried out to study epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and treatment aspects of typhoid fever in Kelantanese children in hospital. The male:female ratio was 1:1.1. School-children were the most affected. Cases were seen throughout the year. The five most frequently presenting features were fever, hepatomegaly, diarrhoea, vomiting and cough. Rose spots were seen in only two patients. Complications included gastritis, bronchitis, ileus, psychosis, encephalopathy, gastro-intestinal bleeding and myocarditis. Relative bradycardia was not seen. Blood and stool cultures were positive in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of illness. There was no significant difference between percentages of elevated O and H titres, whether done during or after the 1st week of illness. A four-fold rise in (O) titres occurred in 50% of cases tested. We would miss 50% of typhoid fever cases if a titre (O) equal to more than 1/160 were relied upon for diagnosis. Altogether, 46% of patients had leucopenia. Chloramphenicol was the most commonly used antibiotic. There were two deaths.
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PMID:Typhoid fever in hospitalized children in Kelantan, Malaysia. 246 4

High temperatures, night sweat, chest pain, cough and dyspnoea suddenly occurred in a 54-year-old patient. The serious disease was accompanied by variable pulmonary infiltrations. Chemical pathology showed maximally increased sedimentation rates, slight leucocytosis and anaemia. Complete serology was negative. The occurrence of large intestinal ileus required laparatomy and after commencement of treatment with steroids the overall state improved, pulmonary symptoms disappeared, and radiographically demonstrable infiltration were clearly regressing. Histology revealed presence of acute ulcerative colitis. Lung infiltrates probably represented extraintestinal manifestation of the chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In contrast to experience from the literature lung infiltrations in this case preceded clinical manifestations of the underlying disease.
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PMID:[Bronchopulmonary infiltrates in chronic inflammatory bowel disease]. 686 56

Bronchorrhea, defined as watery sputum of 100 ml or more per day, was seen in a 52-year-old female patient with diffuse lymphangitic metastasis of colon carcinoma to the lung. For 5 months before the visit to our clinic, she complained of progressive worsening of the cough, watery sputum, and shortness of breath. On admission to our hospital, she expectorated large amounts of nonpurulent watery sputum (150 to 300 ml/d), and showed diffuse reticular and linear shadows in both lungs on chest radiograph and severe obstructive impairment (FEV1 percent, 35 percent) in lung function tests. Histologic findings obtained from both surgical specimens at abdominal operation for ileus and lungs at the autopsy revealed lymphangitic metastasis of ascending colon carcinoma to the lung. At autopsy, histologically the lungs showed diffuse infiltrations of mucus-secreting adenocarcinoma cells to both lung parenchyma and airway submucosa.
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PMID:Bronchorrhea from diffuse lymphangitic metastasis of colon carcinoma to the lung. 827 62

A 69-year-old type 2 diabetic man was admitted due to diabetic gangrane. He had a history of subtotal gastrectomy. During hospitalization, he was treated with regular insulin and 300 mg/day of acarbose. He developed a low grade fever, cough and nasal discharge, and was given a compound "cold" remedy with anticholenergic properties. The next day, he suffered from a paralytic ileus. Oral intake and acarbose were withheld and the ileus spontaneously resolved after 2 days. These finding indicate the possibility that the ileus was triggered by drugs with anticholinergic properties in this elderly diabetic patient treated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
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PMID:Ileus after administration of cold remedy in an elderly diabetic patient treated with acarbose. 1118 Jul 4

This study was conducted to examine a patient's age and condition at the time of diagnosis as one potential factor contributing to the "gender gap" in cystic fibrosis. The study population consisted of 11,275 US patients diagnosed during 1986-1998 and reported to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Registry in the same or the following calendar year. Parallel analyses were performed for Wisconsin patients identified prospectively during 1985-1994 to obtain more detailed information on their condition at diagnosis. Analyses of the registry data showed that females identified because of symptoms other than meconium ileus were diagnosed at significantly older ages (median, 12.7 months) than were males (median, 8.7 months) (p < 0.001). The delay in diagnosis for females was most evident among patients presenting with respiratory symptoms only (median, 40.7 vs. 22.3 months; p < 0.001). Analyses of Wisconsin patients demonstrated no significant gender differences in cough and wheezing experiences or in chest radiographic severity scores between males and females during their first 10 years of life, although a disproportionately high number of males were referred for diagnostic sweat testing. A delay in diagnosis of females with cystic fibrosis was discovered, suggesting either differential recognition of respiratory symptoms or a gender bias.
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PMID:Delayed diagnosis of US females with cystic fibrosis. 1211 8

Although meconium ileus (MI) is the earliest manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF), and is associated with poorer growth, the longitudinal pulmonary progression of CF children with MI is not clear. To test the hypothesis that MI is associated with worse pulmonary outcomes, we prospectively compared from diagnosis to 12 years of age 32 CF children with MI to 50 CF children without MI who were diagnosed during early infancy through neonatal screening. Pulmonary outcome measures included respiratory symptoms, respiratory infections, pathogens, antibiotic usage, hospitalizations, quantitative chest radiology, spirometry, and lung volume determinations. Obstructive lung disease was defined as percent predicted spirometry values below the lower limits of normal. Longitudinal analyses revealed no significant differences in cough, wheezing, respiratory infections, prevalence of and median times to acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic usage, and chest radiograph scores between the two groups. However, MI children showed significantly worse forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow between 25-75% of FVC (FEF(25-75)), % predicted FEV(1), % predicted FEF(25-75), and total lung capacity (TLC). These differences were particularly apparent beginning at age 8-10 years. MI children also had higher rates of and shorter median times to obstructive lung disease. Subgroup analyses showed MI children treated surgically and those treated medically had similar pulmonary outcomes. In conclusion, MI children have worse lung function and more obstructive lung disease than those without MI. Such abnormalities are accompanied by reduced lung volume. MI is a distinct CF phenotype with more severe pulmonary dysfunction.
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PMID:Longitudinal pulmonary status of cystic fibrosis children with meconium ileus. 1533 3

Methylnaltrexone is a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist undergoing phase III clinical trials for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients with advanced medical illness who are being treated with narcotics for pain. The compound does not cross the blood-brain barrier in humans and reverses the opioid effects without interfering with pain relief. Some opioid-induced adverse events that the drug may potentially target include constipation, nausea/vomiting, cough suppression and urinary retention. Methylnaltrexone was discovered by researchers at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA and is in joint development with Progenics Pharmaceuticals and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. Progenics is conducting clinical trials with three methylnaltrexone dosage forms: subcutaneous, IV and oral. Progenics plans to complete the clinical development of methylnaltrexone alone, after which potential pharmaceutical or biotechnology partners will be looked at to provide financial support and marketing expertise, particularly outside the US market. In December 2005, Progenics and Wyeth Pharmaceutical (Wyeth) entered into an exclusive, worldwide agreement for the joint development and commercialisation of methylnaltrexone for the treatment of opioid-induced side effects, including constipation and postoperative bowel dysfunction. Under the terms of the licensing agreement, Wyeth has worldwide rights to the compound and Progenics retains the option to co-promote methylnaltrexone in the US. The companies will collaborate on the worldwide development of methylnaltrexone. Under the terms of the agreement, Wyeth has made an up-front payment to Progenics and will also make additional milestone payments. Wyeth will also pay Progenics royalties on worldwide sales, and co-promotion fees within the US. Wyeth is also responsible for all future development and commercialisation costs. Wyeth will develop oral methylnaltrexone worldwide. Progenics will lead the US development of subcutaneous and intravenous methylnaltrexone, while Wyeth will lead development of these parenteral products outside the US.UR Labs licensed methylnaltrexone from the University of Chicago. In October 2001, Progenics in-licensed the methynaltrexone patent portfolio in exchange for rights to future methynaltrexone royalties. In December 2005, Progenics acquired a substantial portion of the royalty and milestone payments in exchange for 686,000 shares of Progenic's common stock and 2.6 million US dollars in cash. In April 2005, Progenics Pharmaceuticals made a public offering of 2 million shares of its common stock, pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement. Progenics intends to use the net proceeds from this offering to fund clinical trials of methylnaltrexone, to fund clinical trials of other product candidates and for other research and development programs. All primary and secondary endpoints were statistically significant in Progenic's second phase III trial of subcutaneous methylnaltrexone (0.15 mg/kg or 0.30 mg/kg). The trial was initiated in January 2004 in 133 patients with opioid-induced constipation at 27 nursing homes and hospices in the US. Enrollment was completed in September 2005 and results announced in February 2006. In March 2005, Progenics announced results from the pivotal phase III trial of subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for the reversal of opioid-induced constipation. This trial involved a total of 150 patients from 16 hospices in the US who had advanced medical illnesses and who were receiving occasional opioids. Progenics has completed a phase IIb dose-ranging study with subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for treatment of narcotic-induced constipation in patients with cancer or AIDS. Positive top-line results from a phase II clinical trial of methylnaltrexone in the management of postoperative bowel dysfunction were reported in January 2005. The endpoints of the study included restoration of bowel function and discharge eligibility. Reversal of urinary retention was a secondary endpoint in this study. Progenics plans to complete a more in-depth analysis of this phase II data and present the finding to the US FDA. Methylnaltrexone (IV) is scheduled to enter phase III clinical studies in this indication in 2006. An NDA is expected to be submitted for the intravenous formulation of methylnaltrexone in late 2007/early 2008. Progenics also plans to initiate a phase II study of methylnaltrexone in women who have undergone hysterectomies. This patient population is also at high risk for ileus. In May 2004, Progenics Pharmaceuticals completed phase I clinical trials using two different oral formulations of methylnaltrexone. Analysis of preliminary data from 61 healthy volunteers who received methylnaltrexone at three dose levels indicated that the drug was well tolerated and exhibited predictable pharmacokinetics. Based on these phase I studies, Progenics selected an oral formulation and dose levels of methylnaltrexone that will be tested in phase II clinical trials for relief of opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic-pain. The technology licensed from UR Labs, Inc., is the subject of issued US and European patents and several related US and foreign patent applications relating to certain compositions, formulations and uses of methylnaltrexone filed by the University of Chicago. Progenics have continued to expand the patent coverage relating to methylnaltrexone with the filing of new patent applications.
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PMID:Methylnaltrexone: MNTX. 1707 20

WHO describes palliative care as the approach to patients with incurable illnesses. It covers identification and treatment of pain and other physical symptoms, psychological, social, and spiritual difficulties. A tight cooperation between the family doctor, the hospital (medical clinic with the subspecialists, geriatric and palliative care centre), the Spitex, the social, psychological, and the pastoral workers is needed. The family doctor needs to know much about medication and specific interventions in order to alleviate the patients' symptoms such as pain, breathlessness, cough, difficulties to swallow, nausea, vomiting, constipation, ileus, nutritional problems, fear, depression, and fatigue. The specific interventions may include irradiation, stenting of bile ducts, oesophagus or colon, hormonal treatment etc. A very important aspect is pain control and the correct handling of non-opioid analgesics, opioids, and co-analgesics. The terminal phase at home is a special challenge for the family doctor acting as a palliative physician.
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PMID:[Palliative care]. 1817 7


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